Quiz 4: C Sensation and Perception

The ability to detect the external environment through our sensory systems is known as A)accommodation. B)perception. C)sensation. D)psychophysics.

Sensation is to _______ as perception is to _______. A)psychological;physical B)detecting;interpreting C)cognition;synthesizing D)interpreting;detecting

Reading words on a page and understanding their meaning is an example of A)accommodation. B)perception. C)sensation. D)sensory adaptation.

__________ involves the detection of energy,whereas __________ involves organizing and interpreting incoming neural signals. A)Perception;sensation B)Adaptation;perception C)Sensation;perception D)Sensation;adaptation

The conversion of external energy into a neural signal is known as A)accommodation. B)perception. C)sensation. D)transduction.

When Bethany steps on her digital scale,a mechanism in it measures the physical pressure pushing down on the scale and converts it into an electrical signal that can be read by the scale.The conversion of the physical pressure on the scale caused by Bethany's weight into an electrical signal is similar to the process of A)transduction. B)bottom-up processing. C)top-down processing. D)perception.

When she walks into her mother's kitchen,Amelia doesn't know how long she will be able to stay in the room because of the overpowering smell of onions.But when her sister comes home an hour later and complains about the smell,Amelia realizes that she no longer smells the onions at all.This is an example of A)sensory adaptation. B)just noticeable difference. C)psychophysics. D)a false alarm.

When first exposed to a stimulus,our sensory receptors tend to respond strongly.However,if the stimulus remains unchanged,the activity of the receptors tends to decrease.This process is called A)selective attention. B)top-down processing. C)sensory adaptation. D)transduction.

One reason sensory adaptation can be beneficial is that it allows us to A)shift our focus to more important events. B)detect visual stimuli in low-light conditions. C)detect a stimulus 50% of the time. D)convert external energy into nerve impulses.

The study of how physical energy such as light and sound and their intensities relate to psychological experience is called A)psychophysics. B)Gestalt psychology. C)signal detection theory. D)haptics.

The lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected 50 percent of the time is the A)difference threshold. B)just noticeable difference. C)sensory adaptation. D)absolute threshold.

Grace visited an audiologist to have her hearing checked.During the test,the audiologist played tones of varying intensities.Grace was asked to raise her arm whenever she could detect (hear)the tone.During this test,the audiologist was testing Grace's A)orienting response. B)sound localization. C)absolute threshold. D)difference threshold.

A single eyelash lands on Neil's hand,but because the pressure is __________________,he does not notice it. A)above the difference threshold B)below the difference threshold C)above the absolute threshold D)below the absolute threshold

The difference threshold is A)the minimum amount of energy,or quantity of a stimulus,required for it to be reliably detected at least 50% of the time it is presented. B)the smallest difference in stimulation that can be detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared. C)the difference in absolute thresholds between individuals with normal sensory abilities and those who have limitations in one or more senses. D)the smallest amount of stimulation that can be detected after sensory adaptation.

___________ could be generally defined as,"the more intense the original stimulus,the larger (proportionally)the difference must be for an individual to detect a change." A)Weber's law B)The absolute threshold C)Psychophysics D)Sensation

Keegan notices that his favourite personal-sized bag of chips seems lighter than usual.He checks the label and finds that the bag contains 10g less than it used to.He decides instead to buy a family-sized bag of chips and doesn't notice that the family-sized bag is also 10g lighter.Keegan's inability to detect the difference in the larger bag demonstrates that A)the just noticeable difference is not a reliable measure of psychophysiological judgment. B)sensory adaptation can occur in the short time between holding one bag of chips and then the other. C)difference thresholds are continually changing. D)the larger a weight is,the greater the change must be before one can detect a difference.

___________ was developed to isolate separate measures of sensory experience and the decision process of the person being tested. A)The absolute threshold B)The difference threshold C)Signal detection theory D)Psychophysics

In addition to the stimulus intensity,an individual's response is also impacted by many psychological factors.Researchers proposed the ____________ to study the perception of stimuli,while taking into consideration the judgement of the individual. A)signal detection theory B)difference threshold C)absolute threshold D)intensity theory

In a signal detection task,the participant says that he detects a signal when no signal is present.This is called a A)hit. B)false alarm. C)miss. D)correct rejection.

In a signal detection task,the participant says that she detected a signal and a signal was present.This is called a A)hit. B)false alarm. C)miss. D)correct rejection.

In a signal detection task,the participant says that he didn't detect a signal but a signal was present.This is called a A)hit. B)false alarm. C)miss. D)correct rejection.

Greg is a diagnostic cytologist (reviews cell samples from patients to detect cancer).Sometimes Greg makes a mistake and identifies a perfectly healthy sample as having signs of cancer.In signal detection theory,this type of mistake would be known as a A)hit. B)false alarm. C)miss. D)correct rejection.

Miley is concerned that advertisers are using subliminal messages to make her buy their products.Based on the information in your textbook,what should you tell her? A)You're right,subliminal messages are very powerful. B)It's unclear;almost no research has been done on subliminal perception. C)Don't worry;people cannot perceive subliminal stimuli at all. D)There is little evidence that subliminal messages can be used to persuade people to do anything.

Which approach states that visual perception occurs in terms of whole objects rather than individual parts? A)Psychometrics B)Gestalt Psychology C)Bottom-up processing D)Continuity

Which saying captures the principle emphasized by the Gestalt psychologists? A)The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. B)Perception is a result of the integration of raw sensory information. C)Perception is part sensory experience and part judgment. D)All individuals perceive the world in their own way.

As we listen to music,we often are more aware of the melody than the individual notes that comprise the melody.This auditory perception is compatible with the principles established by A)psychometric psychologists. B)Gestalt psychologists. C)proponents of bottom-up processing D)the signal detection theory.

According to the ________________ principle,when we look at an image,we tend to perceive some parts as standing out and other parts as being part of the background. A)figure-ground B)closure C)proximity D)continuity

As she watches her granddaughter's dance recital,Patty perceives two separate groups of dancers.Her granddaughter's group wears bright turquoise costumes with gold accents and the other group wears bright gold costumes with turquoise accents.Patty perceives the girls as belonging to two different groups due to the Gestalt principle of A)proximity. B)continuity. C)similarity. D)closure.

Elements that share common features such as size,shape,or colour are viewed as a set.This defines which Gestalt law of organization? A)figure-ground B)similarity C)proximity D)closure

Athena notices some coins on the table,clustered into a group of 6 and a group of 10.Athena perceives the coins as two "groups" rather than as one group of 16 coins.This is an example of the Gestalt law of A)figure-ground. B)similarity. C)proximity. D)closure.

In __________ processing,we construct a whole stimulus from its basic parts. A)parallel B)bottom-up C)continuous D)top-down

__________ is conceptually driven and influenced by our beliefs and expectations. A)Bottom-up processing B)Weber's law C)Top-down processing D)Sensory adaptation

Shanice visits an art exhibit of abstract paintings.One painting is composed of seemingly random lines and shapes.However,because Shanice knows and expects that the painting is supposed to be a portrait,she perceives the various lines and shapes as forming a face.Which type of perceptual processing is Shanice most likely using? A)Top-down B)Parallel C)Bottom-up D)Sensory

Which of the following accurately describes how we perceive and interpret the world around us? A)Perception is the direct result of external energy converted into neural signals. B)Bottom-up processing incorporates prior experiences and expectations. C)Top-down processing is the perception of individual units of sensory information. D)Perception is a combination of both expectations and raw sensory information.

The process of selecting one stimulus or task to focus on and ignoring or minimizing others is called A)divided attention. B)selective attention. C)inattentional blindness. D)perceptual adaptation.

Clay has played professional soccer for seven years and is easily able to tune out the sound of the crowd and all other irrelevant sensory information during the game.Bruce is a rookie and is often distracted by what his opponents are saying and the mood of the crowd.Clay and Bruce are showing differing levels of A)absolute thresholds. B)parallel processing. C)selective attention. D)top-down processing.

Ophelia often messages her friends and plans her weekend activities during her History lectures at school.Paying attention to more than one event at a time is known as __________ and has been shown to have negative effects on performance (e.g. ,on history tests). A)selective attention B)divided attention C)sustained attention D)inattentional blindness

During a break from his job as a waiter,Bernardo begins to read Hamlet and is so engrossed in the play that he fails to notice the clattering of dishes all around him.This is an example of A)feature detection. B)absolute threshold. C)bottom-up processing. D)selective attention.

Failure to consciously perceive something you are looking at because your attention is directed elsewhere is called A)sensory adaptation B)selective attention C)inattentional blindness D)divided attention

Akon is looking for his girlfriend in a large crowd of people.Because he is so focused on finding her,he fails to notice when a man in a clown costume walks right up next to him.This is an example of A)divided attention. B)sustained attention. C)sensory adaptation. D)inattentional blindness.

Light,a central player in our visual perception of the world,is a form of A)chemical energy. B)mechanical energy. C)vibration. D)electromagnetic energy.

Visible light with a short wavelength and a high amplitude would be perceived as A)reddish and dim. B)bluish and dim. C)reddish and bright. D)bluish and bright.

Visible light with a long wavelength and a low amplitude would be perceived as A)reddish and dim B)bluish and dim C)reddish and bright D)bluish and bright

When scuba divers take red objects underwater,they appear to lose their colour,but this does not happen to bluish objects.This demonstrates that water filters out light waves that have A)long wavelengths. B)short wavelengths. C)a high amplitude. D)a low amplitude.

Interestingly,bees can detect ultraviolet light rays,which have ________ compared to visible light. A)longer wavelengths B)lower amplitude C)shorter wavelengths D)higher amplitude

The intensity of the reflected light that reaches our eyes is known as A)hue. B)contrast. C)brightness. D)saturation.

When light enters the eye,which structure does it pass through first? A)cornea B)lens C)pupil D)sclera

When you enter a dim room,the _______________ widens to let in more light. A)pupil B)lens C)iris D)fovea

When Skye walks out of the theatre into the glare of the sun,her ___________ constrict to reduce the amount of light entering her eyes. A)pupils B)lenses C)irises D)foveas

The sclera is the A)coloured part of the eye. B)white,outer surface of the eye. C)clear layer that covers the eye. D)lining of specialized cells at the back of the eye.

In his love letter,Michael describes his girlfriend Rebecca's eyes as "a warm,green meadow." To which part of Rebecca's eyeball is Michael referring? A)sclera B)fovea C)iris D)cornea

Which of the following is the correct order in which light passes through the structures of the eye? A)lens,pupil,cornea B)lens,cornea,pupil C)cornea,lens,pupil D)cornea,pupil,lens

The lens A)is the transparent outer membrane of the eye that covers the pupil and iris. B)focuses light onto the retina. C)contains a concentration of cone cells. D)controls the amount of light entering the eye.

What structure is primarily responsible for focusing light onto the back of the eye? A)cornea B)fovea C)lens D)pupil

Photoreceptors are located in the A)lens. B)optic disc. C)optic nerve. D)retina.

When light enters the eye and travels to the back of the retina,what is the order of the cells through which it passes? A)ganglion cells,bipolar cells,photoreceptors B)bipolar cells,ganglion cells,photoreceptors C)photoreceptors,bipolar cells,ganglion cells D)photoreceptors,ganglion cells,bipolar cells

Visual transduction begins in the A)optic disc. B)optic nerve. C)ganglion cells. D)photoreceptors.

The portion of the retina that contains a large proportion of cones is the A)fovea. B)optic disc. C)optic nerve. D)sclera.

_____________ are sensitive to the different wavelengths of light,which is what allows us to detect colour.______________ do not detect colour,but can work under low light conditions. A)Bipolar cells;Rods B)Rods;Bipolar cells C)Cones;Rods D)Rods;Cones

Which of the following is true of the fovea? A)It contains the highest concentration of rods. B)It contains the highest concentration of cones. C)It contains no photoreceptors. D)It is also known as the optic disc.

Duncan is trying to find a constellation of dim stars in the night sky.You recommend that he not to look directly at the stars.By using this approach,the light will fall ________ and on the part of the retina that has a higher concentration of _______,which are better at detecting dim light. A)directly on the fovea;rods B)directly on the fovea;cones C)away from the fovea;cones D)away from the fovea;rods

The process by which rods and cones become more sensitive to light in response to lowered levels of illumination is called A)dark transduction. B)light adaptation. C)dark adaptation. D)sensory adaptation.

The ______________ carries sensory information from the retina to the brain areas where visual perception will occur. A)fovea B)layer of photoreceptors C)optic nerve D)optic disc

The optic nerve creates the _______,an area of the retina that contains no photoreceptors. A)fovea B)sclera C)optic disc D)optic tract

Although she is normally not aware of its existence,Ingrid discovers that she has a blind spot in her vision by closing one eye and focusing on a fixed point.What explains why Ingrid has this blind spot in her vision? A)She is likely suffering from severe retinal degeneration. B)She is experiencing sensory adaptation. C)No photoreceptors are located where the optic nerve leaves the eye. D)She has likely suffered damage to her occipital cortex.

Why are we normally unaware of the blind spot in our vision? A)Light does not normally fall on the blind spot. B)Our brains "fill in" the missing visual information for us. C)Despite the name,the blind spot does not actually prevent light in our visual field from being detected. D)The blind spot is only an issue in very low light conditions.

Jan can see objects well when they are close,but they appear blurry from afar.The likely explanation for this issue is that A)Jan is focusing the objects on her blind spot. B)Jan is nearsighted. C)Jan is farsighted. D)Jan is developing a cataract.

Visual information is sent from both eyes to both hemispheres in the brain.Half of the information remains on the same side (e.g. ,right eye,right hemisphere),while the other half crosses to the contralateral hemisphere at the A)optic disc B)optic chiasm C)lateral geniculate nucleus D)visual cortex

Visual information is sent to a part of the thalamus called the A)LGN. B)MLN. C)MGN. D)LMN.

Which is the correct order of structures as visual information travels through the brain? A)LGN;optic chiasm;occipital lobe B)optic chiasm;occipital lobe;LGN C)LGN;occipital lobe;optic chiasm D)optic chiasm;LGN;occipital lobe

Feature detection cells in the visual cortex respond selectively to features such as A)colour and brightness. B)size and distance. C)angles and edges. D)facial features.

The processing of visual information occurs in two separate streams in the brain.The ventral stream is responsible for _________ ,while the dorsal stream is responsible for ________________. A)object recognition;depth and movement perception B)depth and movement perception;object recognition C)colour perception;control of eye movements D)control of eye movements;colour perception

The ventral stream of the visual pathway extends from the ______________,while the dorsal stream extends from the _____________. A)visual cortex to the temporal lobe;visual cortex to the parietal lobe B)visual cortex to the parietal lobe;visual cortex to the temporal lobe C)optic chiasm to the LGN;visual cortex to the LGN D)visual cortex to the LGN;optic chiasm to the LGN

Our ability to see objects as relatively stable and unchanging despite changing sensory information is called A)the law of closure. B)perceptual constancy. C)the perception of relative size. D)the law of continuity.

When we look at a white house,we can recognize it as a white house by day or night and from any angle.This is due to A)the law of closure. B)perceptual constancy. C)the perception of relative size. D)the law of continuity.

People with normal vision will perceive a door as a rectangle whether they view it when it is fully closed or partially open,as long as the door is,in fact,a rectangle.This is an example of A)shape constancy. B)size constancy. C)closure. D)continuity.

Stewart is sitting in his office,which is lit with a bluish neon light,eating a red apple.Even though the apple is bathed in bluish light,he continues to perceive it as red.This illustrates A)the trichromatic theory. B)colour continuity. C)the opponent-process theory. D)colour constancy.

Sun watches as his wife Tamara walks toward the house.Even though Tamara fills more and more of Sun's visual field as she approaches,she does not appear to be growing larger as she moves closer towards Sun.This illustrates A)relative size. B)size constancy. C)height in plane. D)linear perspective.

Prosopagnosia is defined as A)difficulty seeing objects at a distance. B)difficulty seeing objects up close. C)the inability to perceive depth. D)the inability to recognize faces.

Tyrone has good vision and can easily recognize common objects.However,he often relies on the sound of voices,rather than facial appearance,to be certain he is talking to one of his friends or family.Tyrone suffers from a rare disease called A)face pareidolia. B)prosopagnosia. C)perceptual constancy deficit. D)fusiform degredation.

Which of the following is true regarding the normal perception of faces? A)Faces are processed by their individual components,one at a time. B)The perception of faces is no different than the perception of any other object. C)Faces are processed as a whole rather than by their individual components. D)Faces cannot be perceived when viewed upside-down.

Visual distance and depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called A)monocular cues. B)pictorial depth cues. C)binocular cues. D)perceptual cues.

When focusing on a close object that is directly in front of you,eye muscles contract to turn your eyes inward toward the nose.This is called A)convergence. B)retinal disparity. C)interposition. D)relative size.

When Adler looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye,the image seems to jump from one position to another.This phenomenon illustrates A)retinal disparity. B)convergence. C)linear perspective. D)interposition.

___________ describes the fact that each of our eyes receives a slightly different image of an object. A)Retinal disparity B)Linear perspective C)Convergence D)Interposition

Which of the following depth cues requires the use of both eyes? A)interposition B)motion parallax C)retinal disparity D)linear perspective

While riding on a train,David notices that the trees and telephone poles close to the tracks seem to flash by,while the buildings,trees,and mountains that are farther away seem to move by more slowly.This phenomenon is called A)size constancy. B)retinal disparity. C)motion parallax. D)motion differential.

Changing the shape of the lens to focus on objects near or far is called A)convergence. B)accommodation. C)constriction. D)dilation.

Shane is looking at a photograph taken by his friend Lise.The image shows a long straight road,with the edges of the road appearing to converge at the horizon.This illustrates A)linear perspective. B)interposition. C)height in plane. D)relative size.

The distance cue in which two parallel lines extend into the distance and seem to come together at one point is called A)linear perspective. B)interposition. C)height in plane. D)relative size.

When viewing a painting,if a bowl of apples appeared to be blocking a vase,the viewer would interpret the vase as being further away than the bowl of apples.This describes the depth cue of A)interposition. B)light and shadow. C)linear perspective. D)relative size.

Jaxon spent the morning taking pictures in the small coves of a local lake.What cue is providing the perception of depth when the near objects in his photographs appear much larger than those on the opposite shore of the cove? A)height in plane B)interposition C)linear perspective D)relative size

The trichromatic theory states that A)humans can perceive colour due to three types of cones,each of which responds to a pair of opposing colours. B)three types of feature detectors in the visual cortex are responsible for colour perception. C)three types of cones exist,each sensitive to a certain range of wavelengths. D)three types of rods exist,each sensitive to a certain range of wavelengths.

The ___________ theory states that colour vision is the result of three opposing pairs of colours. A)opponent-process B)Young-Helmholtz C)trichromatic D)primary colour

Ashley stares at a green square;after 30 seconds,she looks at a white sheet of paper.What colour will Ashley perceive? A)red B)blue C)yellow D)green

The trichromatic and opponent process theories of colour vision are considered to be complementary because A)each theory explains the processing of different wavelengths of light. B)the trichromatic theory explains sensation while the opponent-process theory explains perception. C)the trichromatic theory explains night vision (dim light)while the opponent-process theory explains daytime vision (bright light). D)each theory explains colour processing as a different stage of the visual system.

The frequency of a soundwave is perceived as the A)decibel. B)loudness. C)amplitude. D)pitch.

An increase in the frequency of sound waves will correspond most directly to an increase in A)amplitude. B)pitch. C)loudness. D)decibels.

Brightness refers to the intensity of light.The corresponding term when discussing sound is A)frequency. B)loudness. C)pitch. D)cycles.

Loudness is associated with a sound wave's A)amplitude. B)length. C)pitch. D)frequency.

Humans can hear sounds ranging from about A)20 to 2000 dB. B)20 to 2000 Hz. C)20 to 20 000 dB. D)20 to 20 000 Hz.

The part of the ear we see on the side of the head is called the A)cochlea. B)pinna. C)auditory canal. D)exterior membrane.

The malleus,incus,and stapes comprise the A)inner ear. B)ossicles. C)auditory canal. D)components of the basilar membrane.

Which represents the correct order in which vibrations pass from the outer to the inner ear? A)cochlea;auditory canal;ossicles B)ossicles;auditory canal;cochlea C)auditory canal;cochlea;ossicles D)auditory canal;ossicles;cochlea

Auditory transduction occurs in the A)ossicles. B)cochlea. C)ear drum. D)semicircular canal.

The auditory sensory receptors in the ear are located in the A)cochlea. B)semicircular canal. C)ossicles. D)pinna.

Once sound waves have been converted into neural activity,the ___________ carry them to the brain for auditory perception. A)auditory nerves B)basilar membranes C)vestibular nerves D)ampullas

Uri is walking home alone on a dark night.He hears a stick breaking and immediately turns to his right to see what made the noise.What cue did Uri's brain use to tell where the sound came from? A)the location along the basilar membrane stimulated by the soundwaves B)the slight time difference between when the sound reached each ear C)the overall amplitude of the sound D)the frequency of the sound

The head can block some of the sound reaching one ear,which makes the sound more intense in one ear than the other.The brain can use this phenomenon-known as ____________-to determine the location of a sound's source. A)place theory B)a sound shadow C)frequency theory D)the volley principle

The __________ is the midbrain structure involved with sound localization. A)inferior colliculus B)auditory cortex C)vestibular sac D)ampulla

The _______________ states that we perceive pitch based on the location along the basilar membrane that sound stimulates. A)frequency theory B)sound localization principle C)place theory D)volley principle

The ________________ states that the perception of pitch is related to the frequency at which the basilar membrane vibrates. A)frequency theory B)sound localization principle C)place theory D)volley principle

The ___________ explains how the frequency theory can still be used to explain sounds over 1000Hz. A)basilar stimulation theory B)opponent process theory C)alternating principle D)volley principle

According to the textbook,which of the following is true regarding cochlear implants? A)They can greatly improve language comprehension and expression in young children. B)Due to the auditory sensitive period,adults cannot benefit at all from cochlear implants. C)They are most effective for the perception of high-frequency sounds. D)They are only successful at restoring hearing in 2-5% of the population.

Duncan loves when his dad swings him upside down.When Duncan is swinging,the ___________ in the inner ear help to signal where he is in space. A)ossicles B)cochlea C)inferior colliculus. D)semicircular canals

The __________ is responsible for providing information about the orientation and motion of the head. A)auditory cortex B)inferior colliculus C)vestibular system D)putamen

Sarah is a pianist who reports that she sees musical tones as colours.This is one example of A)haptics. B)kinesthesis. C)autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR). D)synesthesia.

The skin covering which part of the body would have the LOWEST acuity? A)lips B)palms C)fingertips D)lower back

A researcher uses a device to press two closely-spaced pins onto various places on participants' bodies.Each time,the research asks the participant to say whether they feel two distinct points or only one.The researcher is testing the _____________ of the skin on the different body parts. A)gate threshold B)kinesthesis C)acuity D)nociception

To help identify objects with our sense of touch,we move the object in our hands and actively explore it.This is known as A)acuity. B)haptics. C)kinesthesis. D)nociception.

_________ describes our sense of body position or movement. A)Haptics B)Kinesthesis C)Nociception D)Homuncular awareness

Without ________________,we could cut our arm with a knife and feel nothing more than the slight pressure of the blade. A)acuity B)haptics C)kinesthesis D)nociception

The gate-control theory of pain suggests that A)the perception of pain determined by the interplay between small pain fibres and larger inhibitory fibres in the spinal cord. B)for pain to be perceived,it must have a high-enough intensity to open mechanical channels (gates)in the skin. C)pain is contagious and seeing someone else in pain leads to the perception of pain in our own bodies. D)in patients with phantom limb syndrome,the best treatment is to surgically insert a gate into the patient's spinal cord to block the pain.

According to the gate-control theory of pain,which of the following would be an effective way to decrease the pain of banging your elbow? A)jumping up and down B)rubbing the area around it C)seeing someone else in pain D)thinking happy thoughts

Ursula is an army veteran who had to have her leg amputated after an explosive device detonated near her.Surprisingly,she still awakens in the middle of the night and feels her missing leg itching,twitching,or even hurting.Ursula is experiencing _________________ sensations. A)kinesthesis B)gate-control C)phantom limb D)post-traumatic stress disorder

A leading theory of phantom limb pain holds that this experience is due to A)memories of previous pain. B)leftover nerve endings in the missing body part. C)the rewiring of the brain after the loss of input from the lost limb. D)the release of inflammatory substances that trigger the pain response.

Karen has suffered from phantom limb pain for several years.She visits a neurologist who proposes trying a therapeutic treatment that has been proven to be effective.Karen is surprised that this simple treatment uses A)a bucket of ice and a bucket of warm water. B)a mirror box. C)mental visualization and guided meditation. D)acupuncture needles.

Bumps on the tongue called __________ contain numerous __________ . A)mechanoreceptors;taste buds B)papillae;taste buds C)taste buds;mechanoreceptors D)taste buds;papillae

We are sensitive to _________ basic tastes. A)3 B)5 C)2500 D)9000

_________ is responsible for our perception of savoury tastes. A)Olfaction B)Salt C)Umami D)Sucrose

Which of the following is true regarding supertasters? A)Supertasters have many more taste buds than non-supertasters. B)Less than 1% of the population are supertasters. C)Supertasters prefer sweet and fatty foods. D)The tongues of supertasters are physiologically identical to non-supertasters.

Tory finds foods like broccoli and coffee too bitter to consume.She also does not like fatty or sweet foods.It is likely that Tory is a A)supertaster. B)picky eater. C)gustatory consumer. D)synesthesiac.

The complex flavours we experience when we bite into a great sandwich are due to A)the gustatory system. B)the olfactory system. C)synesthesia. D)the interaction between the gustatory and olfactory systems.

Why might food taste bland if your nose were congested due to a cold or allergies? A)Mucus coats the papillae and renders them ineffective. B)Approximately 80% of our taste buds are located in the back of the throat and nasal cavities. C)Approximately 80% of our information about flavour comes from olfaction. D)The increased oxygen from primarily breathing through your mouth interacts with the papillae and reduces their functioning.