Quiz 3: B Biological Psychology

Eli has brown eyes and black hair.Which term best reflects these traits? A)genotype B)phenotype C)genome D)recessive

What number reflects the amount of differences in a population attributable to genetic influences? A)concordance B)heritability C)eugenics index D)correlation coefficient

Neurons are A)cells in the brain that are believed to help clean and feed brain cells. B)cells that send and receive information. C)bundles of nerves. D)chemical transmitters found in the hypothalamus.

Specialized cells in the brain that send and receive information are called A)limbic cells. B)neurons. C)ganglia. D)gonads.

The cell that underlies the activity of the entire nervous system is the A)transmitter cell. B)amoeba. C)neuron. D)carcinoma.

Dendrites A)may be up to a quarter of a mile long. B)carry messages to cell bodies. C)are primarily responsible for the hypothalamic functions of regulation and motivation of sexual functions. D)are contained within the cell nucleus.

The short fibres that extend from the neurons allowing it to receive messages from other neurons are A)axons. B)dendrites. C)nerve bundles. D)synapses.

Axons A)receive/detect neural impulses. B)carry messages away from a cell body. C)secrete chemicals to lubricate the cell body. D)are found in the cell body.

A young woman returns from a day at the beach to find she has developed a severe sunburn.Which neurons are sending the messages from her burned skin to her brain informing her of the pain from the burn? A)sensory neurons B)motor neurons C)synaptic neurons D)association neurons

Most axon terminals contain a number of tiny oval sacs called A)synaptic vesicles. B)synaptic knobs. C)neurotransmitters. D)receptor sites.

A long structure leaving the cell body that the action potential travels along is called the A)cell membrane. B)dendrite. C)axon. D)myelin sheath.

The part of the neuron that carries outgoing messages either to another neuron or to a muscle or gland is the A)myelin sheath. B)axon. C)dendrite. D)cell body.

When a neural impulse reaches the end of an axon,it causes the tiny oval sacs at the end of the axon to release chemicals called A)effectors. B)neurotransmitters. C)stimulants. D)ions.

What kinds of neurons are connected to receptor cells in the skin,muscles,and joints? A)peripheral neurons B)interneurons C)sensory neurons D)motor neurons

Which neural structure is essentially a "little bag of molecules"? A)synapse B)synaptic vesicle C)axon terminal D)dendrite

How does communication between neurons occur? A)through graded potentials B)through action potentials C)through neurotransmitters D)through axons

Which neurological disorder is caused by degeneration of the myelin sheath? A)multiple sclerosis B)cystic fibrosis C)Parkinson's disease D)Alzheimer's disease

The myelin sheath A)is a fatty substance protecting the dendrites. B)helps to speed up neural messages within the cell. C)is found in all neurons. D)protects the cell's vesicles.

A nerve impulse from one neuron affects the activity of a neighbouring neuron at a point of interaction called the A)corpuscle. B)synapse. C)transmission cleft. D)neuronal junction.

A synapse is most important in A)separating the medulla from the hindbrain. B)regulating the parasympathetic nervous system. C)the process of transmitting messages between neurons. D)connecting the basal ganglia.

The small gap between adjacent neurons is the A)glia. B)myelin sheath. C)synaptic cleft. D)terminal.

Which of the following is NOT true of all neurotransmitters? A)They are chemicals. B)They are stored in synaptic vesicles. C)They are released across the synaptic space. D)They increase the likelihood that the next neuron will fire.

The glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream are called A)lymph glands. B)exocrine glands. C)hippocampal glands. D)endocrine glands.

Endocrine glands are glands that secrete A)excitatory neurotransmitters. B)inhibitory neurotransmitters. C)hormones. D)enzymes.

Chemical substances released by the endocrine glands to help regulate bodily functions are A)enzymes. B)neurotransmitters. C)antigens. D)hormones.

The thyroid and pituitary glands are parts of the _______ system. A)gonad B)endocrine C)steroid D)lymphatic

The endocrine system is made up of A)special centres that control our language functions. B)neurons that transmit electrically charged messages. C)glands that release hormones into the bloodstream. D)none of the above

Which of the following is NOT a part of the endocrine system? A)thyroid B)pons C)pituitary D)pancreas

Eating,drinking,sexual behaviour,temperature control,and sleeping are most strongly influenced by the A)medulla. B)cerebral cortex. C)thalamus. D)hypothalamus.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? A)regulating eating B)regulating sleeping C)relaying sensory inputs to the higher centres in the brain D)regulating the "restorative" functioning of the autonomic nervous system after an emergency has passed

The endocrine system is to _________________ as the nervous system is to ________________. A)glands;muscles B)autonomic system;somatic system C)hormones;neurotransmitters D)hypothalamus;pituitary gland

Which of the following most directly controls bodily reflexes? A)peripheral nervous system B)brainstem C)spinal cord D)hindbrain

The system that relays messages in the form of electrochemical impulses throughout the body is called A)the arousal system. B)the nervous system. C)the limbic system. D)the endocrine system.

All nerve cells and fibres that are NOT in the brain or spinal cord make up the __________ nervous system. A)central B)peripheral C)autonomic D)sympathetic

The two major divisions of the central nervous system are A)left and right hemispheres. B)the brain and autonomic systems. C)brain and spinal cord. D)peripheral and autonomic systems.

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for quick action in an emergency is the __________ division. A)central B)secondary C)sympathetic D)parasympathetic

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for A)controlling the skeletal muscles. B)sending sensory input to the brain. C)making choices and decisions. D)the activity of internal organs and glands.

The part of the nervous system that allows the brain to regulate digestion,heart rate,and respiration without our conscious attention is the A)autonomic nervous system. B)central nervous system. C)somatic nervous system. D)spinal cord.

Calm is to aroused as __________ is to __________. A)parasympathetic;sympathetic B)autonomic;motor C)sympathetic;parasympathetic D)central;peripheral

One evening Betty was walking to the dorm from the gym when she was stopped by two men who demanded her money.Because she was a good athlete,Betty decided to make a run for it.Pretending to open her purse,she suddenly turned and dashed off.Although pursued,Betty outran her assailants.During this incident,which part of Betty's nervous system was most directly responsible for her successful escape? A)midbrain B)parasympathetic nervous system C)forebrain D)sympathetic nervous system

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions make up the A)motor cortex. B)endocrine system. C)autonomic nervous system. D)neocortex.

When the sympathetic nervous system assumes control of the involuntary bodily processes during a stressful situation,which of the following changes is likely to occur? A)digestion slows down B)less blood is pumped to muscles C)air passages become smaller D)sweat glands are less active

The part of the brain that controls breathing,heartbeat,and posture is the A)pituitary gland. B)neocortex. C)hypothalamus. D)medulla.

Damage to the medulla can seriously impair one's ability to A)sing. B)write. C)breathe. D)metabolize food.

The medulla,pons,and cerebellum are all part of the A)midbrain. B)hindbrain. C)spinal cord. D)forebrain.

The structure in the hindbrain that controls certain reflexes and coordinates the body's movements is the A)medulla. B)cerebellum. C)pons. D)reticular formation.

The cerebellum A)controls blood pressure. B)is involved in emotional behaviour. C)coordinates actions so that movements are efficient. D)relays messages from the sensory receptors.

Joey is about to eat his lunch.What part of Joey's brain is primarily responsible for helping him make the movements he needs to perform to eat his sandwich? A)substantia nigra B)basal ganglia C)basal forebrain D)thalamus

The limbic system is responsible for A)filtering incoming messages to the brain. B)connecting the brain to most of the rest of the body. C)fighting disease organisms that attempt to infect the brain. D)controlling learning and emotional behaviour.

If the limbic system were destroyed,which of the following structures would be damaged? A)cerebellum and corpus callosum B)cerebellum and amygdala C)amygdala and hippocampus D)hippocampus and corpus callosum

Marlen suffered damage to his hippocampus.What is Marlen most likely to have difficulty with as a result? A)expressing negative emotions B)remembering previous experiences C)controlling his voluntary movements on the right side D)forming new memories

The outer surface of the two cerebral hemispheres that regulate most complex behaviour is called the A)cerebellum. B)corpus callosum. C)cerebral cortex. D)substantia nigra.

A brain tumour's growth has caused Dick's vision to suffer.Which lobe of the brain is being affected by the tumour's growth? A)frontal B)occipital C)parietal D)temporal

The part of the brain that receives sensations of touch,balance,and bodily position and oversees spatial abilities is the A)occipital lobe. B)temporal lobe. C)parietal lobe. D)frontal lobe.

The part of the brain that interprets visual information is the A)occipital lobe. B)temporal lobe. C)parietal lobe. D)frontal lobe.

The part of the brain that helps process hearing and gives meaning to words is the A)occipital lobe. B)temporal lobe. C)parietal lobe. D)frontal lobe.

The somatosensory cortex is located in the _______ lobe of the brain. A)frontal B)occipital C)parietal D)temporal

The motor cortex is located in the _______ lobe of the brain. A)frontal B)occipital C)parietal D)temporal

The site of many mental processes that are unique to humans (self-awareness,initiative,planning ability,and goal-directed behaviour)is the A)occipital lobe. B)temporal lobe. C)parietal lobe. D)frontal lobe.

The motor impulses/commands associated with the muscular coordination and movements necessary for one to write originate in which lobe of the cerebral cortex? A)temporal B)parietal C)occipital D)frontal

Which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually dominant in language tasks? A)the front hemisphere B)the rear hemisphere C)the left hemisphere D)the right hemisphere

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the brain? A)corpus callosum B)frontal C)occipital D)parietal

Which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually dominant in spatial tasks? A)the front hemisphere B)the rear hemisphere C)the left hemisphere D)the right hemisphere

"Split-brain" patients are patients who have had A)a prefrontal lobotomy. B)their cerebellum split in the middle. C)their corpus callosum cut. D)a fractured skull and bone fragments penetrated into the brain.

The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex is the A)corpus callosum. B)pineal gland. C)pons. D)reticular formation.

A "split-brain" patient is asked to stare at a spot on a screen.When a picture of an object is shown to the left of the spot,the patient can A)identify the object verbally and pick it out of a group of hidden objects using her right hand. B)identify the object verbally and pick it out of a group of hidden objects using her left hand. C)pick the object out of a group of hidden objects using her left hand,but cannot identify it verbally. D)pick the object out of a group of hidden objects using her right hand,but cannot identify it verbally.

The left cerebral hemisphere primarily controls A)the right side of the body. B)the left side of the body. C)all motor functions. D)spatial reasoning.

The right cerebral hemisphere primarily controls A)the right side of the body. B)the left side of the body. C) C)speech and language. D)a and

The hemisphere of the brain that acts as an interpreter,helping us with sequencing and logic,is the A)front hemisphere. B)rear hemisphere. C)left hemisphere. D)right hemisphere.

Assume that you are testing a split-brain human subject whose language centre is in his left hemisphere.If you place a house key into his left hand,he will A)not be able to later select the object he was holding from a group of various objects. B)not be able to tell you what object he is presently holding. C)immediately be able to tell you what he is holding. D)be able to tell you what he is presently holding if allowed to think about it for several seconds.

When Emily was a young child,a blood clot severely damaged her left cerebral hemisphere.Emily is now a successful college student who lives a normal life.Her success best illustrates the importance of A)aphasia. B)hemispherectomy. C)tomography. D)neuroplasticity.

Carmen,who is right-handed,sustained a head injury and is now unable to speak smoothly.Which brain structure was most likely injured? A)Wernicke's area B)Broca's area C)the cerebellum D)the thalamus

The area in the back of the temporal lobe that is important in our ability to listen and in processing and understanding what others are saying is A)Korsakoff's area. B)Wernicke's area. C)Broca's area. D)Sach's area.