Quiz 14: C Health, Stress, and Coping

_____________ psychologists study both positive and negative impacts of human behaviour and decisions on health,survival,and well-being. A)Psychiatric B)Developmental C)Health D)Humanistic

Unlike in the past,most premature deaths in Canada today can be attributed to A)lifestyle factors. B)genetic disorders. C)contagious diseases. D)criminal activity.

According to some research,the average smoker dies ____ years earlier than the average nonsmoker. A)1 to 3 B)4 to 6 C)7 to 14 D)15 to 20

_________ is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in Canada. A)Obesity B)Drug use C)Alcohol use D)Smoking

Which of the following best describes the current research on whether smoking in movies contributes to adolescent smoking? A)As smoking in the movies increases,adolescent smoking decreases. B)As smoking in the movies decreases,adolescent smoking increases. C)As smoking in the movies increases,adolescent smoking increases. D)All research,to date,has found no relationship between smoking in the movies and adolescent smoking rates.

While most students have heard of the "freshman 15," in reality,students who gain weight when they enter university put on an average of _____ pounds. A)6 B)10 C)20 D)25

Kendra goes to the doctor's office for a physical.After measuring Kendra's weight and height,the doctor enters the data into a mathematical formula and then tells Kendra that she is overweight.The doctor most likely used the formula to calculate Kendra's A)body mass index. B)body-metric indicator. C)set point. D)obesity index.

Which statistic is commonly used to determine whether someone is considered normal weight,underweight,overweight,or obese,by comparing their weight to their height? A)set point B)body-metric indicator C)body mass index D)obesity index

The body mass index allows people to A)calculate how many calories they should eat each day. B)calculate a healthy body weight based on their height. C)determine whether they are genetically more likely to become obese. D)determine their set point.

According to Statistics Canada,approximately ______ of Canadians are considered obese. A)15% B)51% C)24% D)5%

What do twin and adoption studies indicate about the role of genes in body weight? A)Genes account for between 50% and 90% of the variation in body weight. B)Genes account for a moderate 15-20% of the variation in body weight. C)Genes account for only 5-10% of the variation in body weight. D)Body weight is not influenced by genes.

Some researchers believe that the body has a mechanism known as a(n)________,that serves to keep your body weight within a small range. A)mass index B)set point C)energy balance D)weight restriction

Patrick decided to lose weight by dieting.He found that it was relatively easy to lose the first 18 pounds or so,but after that,he felt his body was fighting his effort to lose more weight.Patrick's experience is consistent with the concept of A)weight resilience. B)the general adaptation syndrome. C)habituation. D)a set point.

According to set point theory,the set point is initially set by _______________,but can be modified by ______________. A)genetic factors;environmental factors B)environmental factors;genetic factors C)exercise;caloric intake D)caloric intake;exercise

According to the set point theory,which of the following could cause a person's set point to change? A)exposure to food advertising B)stress C)deciding to lose weight D)gaining a large amount of weight

According to your textbook,why do some researchers question the role of a physiological set point being responsible for the difficulty some people have when trying to lose excess weight? A)The body's metabolic rate is fixed and does not change. B)The difficulty in losing excess weight is greatly exaggerated. C)Lower activity levels appear to be able to explain the difference. D)Set point theory assumes that a person's set point cannot change.

Research discussed in your textbook indicates that television advertisements can have a significant impact on A)the choice to smoke. B)snacking. C)stress levels. D)activity level.

Jim likes to watch TV and Jim's twin brother,John,likes to play games on his computer.What is likely to be true of the two brothers? A)They will weigh the same. B)John will weigh more than Jim,but they will both be overweight. C)Jim is more likely to be obese than John. D)John is more likely to be obese than Jim.

The increase in the number of children living sedentary lifestyles is likely due in part to A)video games. B)increased time spent in school. C)an increase in school-related stress. D)eating habits portrayed in movies.

According to your textbook,people who __________ have less brain tissue and older-looking brains than is typical for their age. A)are obese B)have lower income C)are thin D)play video games

The health problems of children growing up in poverty are thought to be further compounded by _________,which can lead to an increased risk for heart disease. A)absent parents B)stress C)time spent watching television D)cultural backgrounds

High stress levels and poor nutrition put children who grow up in low socioeconomic status communities at a greater risk of developing ___________ as adults. A)schizophrenia B)heart disease C)post-traumatic growth D)social contagion

Which of the following is true about discrimination? A)Experiencing discrimination has short-,but not long-term effects on health. B)Discrimination has a long-term effect on mental health,but not physical health. C)Discrimination has a long-term effect on physical health,but not mental health. D)Discrimination has a long-term effect on both physical and mental health.

_____________ is as great a mortality risk as smoking,obesity,and high blood pressure. A)Poor job satisfaction B)Chronic social isolation C)Being married D)Experiencing an episode of discrimination

_________ describes the ability to endure and recover from life stressors,and can protect an individual from negative health outcomes caused by those stressors. A)Social resilience B)Social isolation C)Marriage D)Social contagion

Although Kassie has had a very stressful year-losing her whole family in a car crash-she has managed to remain positive and optimistic about the future.It is likely that Kassie has strong _________,which will protect her from the negative outcomes of the stress she has been enduring. A)stress appraisal B)social isolation C)social resilience D)social contagion

Which of the following is TRUE about health effects of marriage? A)Both men and women receive equal health benefits from marriage. B)While both men and women benefit from marriage,men typically experience the greater health benefits. C)While both men and women benefit from marriage,women typically experience the greater health benefits. D)Men are more likely to benefit,while women are more likely to have a decrease in health as a result of marrying.

Jonah (male)and Lacey (female)just got married.Although every marriage is different,how is their marriage most likely to affect their health? A)Jonah's health will benefit from the marriage while Lacey's health with suffer. B)Lacey's health will benefit from the marriage while Jonah's health with suffer. C)Both Jonah and Lacey will benefit,but Jonah will benefit more. D)Both Jonah and Lacey will benefit,but Lacey will benefit more.

Which of the following may explain why the health benefit of heterosexual marriage is different for men versus women? A)Women tend to recognize and support the health of others more than men. B)Men tend to be more protective of their spouse than women. C)Men tend to recognize and support the health of others more than women. D)Women are less likely to seek medical attention if they are married.

The unintentional spreading of a behaviour,as a result of social interactions is referred to as A)social resilience. B)social contagion. C)social spreading. D)viral marketing.

When Wally decided to quit smoking,several of his friends began smoking less.Over time,most of Wally's friends eventually stopped smoking as well.This is an example of A)social contagion. B)discrimination. C)coercion. D)habituation.

Over time,groups of people who interact regularly can become increasingly similar in terms of body weight,smoking habits,and even happiness.This increased similarity is likely due to A)viral susceptibility. B)social contagion. C)set point changes. D)coercion.

Felicia was always a good student,earning mostly B's in high-school.When she arrived at university,she was paired with Amelia,a straight-A student.Over the semester,Felicia and Amelia spent a lot of time together studying,talking,and hanging out.At the end of the term,Felicia noticed that most of her grades had started improving.Felicia's academic success might be attributed to A)social resilience. B)coercion. C)set point changes. D)social contagion.

________ occurs when the demands of a situation exceed our ability to cope effectively. A)Stress B)Social isolation C)Resilience D)Appraisal

________ are the events that lead to the experience of stress. A)Repressed stimuli B)Negative reinforcers C)Traumas D)Stressors

Which of the following would most likely be an acute stressor? A)growing up in poverty B)long-term unemployment C)having a fight with your partner D)having a relative with mental illness

According to Lazarus and Folkman,our first task when faced with a potential stressor is to determine whether it is a challenge or threat.This evaluation is referred to as A)primary appraisal. B)secondary appraisal. C)a daily hassle appraisal. D)a social readjustment rating.

Miranda is questioning whether her upcoming business trip,where she must travel through an area affected by the Zika virus,will pose a danger for her.As such,this example illustrates A)a social readjustment rating. B)coping. C)primary appraisal. D)secondary appraisal.

Imagine that you have just flunked a class.You evaluate this situation and decide that flunking a class is stressful and important enough to be upset about.Next you decide to repeat the class in summer school.You have made A)a primary appraisal only. B)both a primary and a secondary appraisal. C)a social readjustment. D)a daily hassle coping decision.

After we have decided that a certain event is a stressor,we must decide how we will deal with it and what resources are available for coping.This process is called A)primary appraisal. B)secondary appraisal. C)social readjustment rating. D)daily hassle appraisal.

According to its developers,a person who has a higher score on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is more likely than people with lower scores to A)be protected from negative health outcomes. B)file for divorce from their spouse. C)engage in criminal activity. D)develop significant illnesses and infections.

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)was designed to measure change due to A)positive life events. B)major life events. C)minor daily stressors. D)negative life events.

______________ measures the amount of stress in a person's life resulting from major life changes. A)Daily Hassles Scale B)An electrocardiogram C)The Social Readjustment Rating Scale D)NEO-PI-R

Which of the following is true about stress? A)Any amount of stress is undesirable and should be avoided. B)High levels of stress typically lead to improved performance on difficult tasks. C)Stress facilitates performance on complex tasks more than it does on simple tasks. D)Moderate levels of stress can be beneficial for motivation.

Gracious is experiencing absolutely no stress while taking a test.What effect could this have on his performance,and why? A)It will improve his grade because he will experience less distraction. B)It will improve his grade because he will be able to recall information more easily. C)It will lower his grade because his arousal level will not be optimal. D)It will lower his grade because suppressing stress taxes cognitive resources.

Generally speaking,lower levels of arousal facilitate ______________,while higher levels of arousal facilitate ______________. A)studying;test taking B)test taking;studying C)solving complex tasks;solving simple tasks D)solving simple tasks;solving complex tasks

The term "fight-or-flight response" was coined by A)William James. B)Walter Cannon. C)Francis Sumner. D)Mary Carver.

According to Cannon,the "fight-or-flight response" is A)a general response to many different types of stressors. B)a negative response to physical stressors such as illness or injury. C)an extreme form of the stress response that only occurs in life-threatening emergencies. D)a coping strategy for psychological stressors.

Which psychologist is credited with proposing the general adaptation syndrome? A)Selye B)Berkowitz C)Holmes and Rahe D)Lazarus

What is the correct sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome? A)resistance,alarm,exhaustion B)exhaustion,resistance,alarm C)alarm,exhaustion,resistance D)alarm,resistance,exhaustion

Adelaida hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert.Her muscles tense and her blood pressure rises.According to Hans Selye,she is in the A)fight phase. B)alarm phase. C)exhaustion phase. D)resistance phase.

In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome has the body reached the limits of its ability to adapt to stress and may result in the development of stress-related diseases? A)alarm B)collapse C)exhaustion D)resistance

Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome might explain why college students tend to experience a higher rate of absenteeism from class around midterm and final exam time each semester? A)resistance B)exhaustion C)alarm D)flight

For the past six months,Dahlia's job has been extremely stressful,but she doesn't feel that she can quit because she needs the money for tuition.Dahlia has been having chronic headaches and is behind in all of her classes.According to Hans Selye,Dahlia is in the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. A)alarm B)flight C)exhaustion D)resistance

When you are under stress,the _______________ sends messages to the endocrine glands along two major pathways. A)amygdala B)hippocampus C)hypothalamus D)corpus callosum

When a person is under stress,the hypothalamus activates the __________ nervous system,producing the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the body. A)somatic B)central C)autonomic D)endocrine

Which of the following is a key stress hormone released by the adrenal cortex? A)cortisol B)epinephrine C)norepinephrine D)oxytocin

The activation of the HPA axis allows the body to A)repair and recover after experiencing chronic stress. B)rest and digest. C)prepare to respond to stressors. D)lower its internal temperature and conserve energy.

The "HPA" axis is an abbreviation for A)hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal. B)hormonal-pubertal-adrenal circuit. C)hippocampus-pituitary-amygdala circuit. D)heritable-peripheral-adrenal cortex.

Jamie has worked for the Jones & Miller law firm for the past five years.The firm is in the process of downsizing and laying off employees.Jamie is afraid that she may lose her job.To help deal with this stressful situation,Jamie tends to rely on her social contacts for support,in addition to nurturing those around her.This is known as _____________ response. A)fight-or-flight B)tend-and-befriend C)caring-and-coping D)friending-and-mending

____________ is the primary hormone thought to be involved with the 'tend-and-befriend' stress response. A)Oxytocin B)Cortisol C)Epinephrine D)Norepinephrine

Vasopressin and oxytocin have been found to __________ the release of cortisol and _________ inflammation. A)increase;increase B)increase;reduce C)decrease;increase D)decrease;reduce

The field of __________ studies the relationship between immune and nervous system functioning. A)health psychology B)medical psychology C)psychoneuroimmunology D)stress psychology

People living under chronic stressful conditions tend to get sick more often than they would otherwise.How do researchers explain this phenomenon? A)Chronic stress tends to reduce immune system functioning,thus making us more vulnerable to diseases. B)Chronic stress leads to a lowering of the heart rate,which makes the heart inefficient. C)Acute stress makes muscles stronger,which places a greater burden on the heart and respiratory system. D)The body tends to adapt to the constant call for the stress response and,thus,future responses are not as strong as before.

Men who experience ongoing stress are at a much higher risk of developing coronary heart disease compared to other men.What is the connection between chronic stress and heart disease? A)Stress hormones slow down heart rate,decreasing circulation and allowing plaques to build up. B)Stress overstimulates heart tissue,which leads to damage. C)Stress hormones block the absorption of oxygen into the blood,leading to enlargement of the heart. D)Stress triggers the inflammatory response,which leads to the development of plaques.

Andre is the type of person who wants everything done perfectly the first time.When playing a game,he feels like he must win.He is easily provoked to anger,but he is also readily ambitious.Based on these traits,Andre might be categorized as having a ____________ personality. A)neurotic B)Type A C)Type B D)conscientious

Aviana has a Type A personality.Which of the following traits are descriptive of her personality? A)competitive and impatient B)negative and distressed C)relaxed and easygoing D)obsessive and neat

Rosalie is a rather easygoing kind of woman.She works hard when she's at the office,but she refuses to do more than 40 hours of work per week.She knows that she could earn more money if she worked harder but she really values time at home with her husband and children.She likes to garden,listen to music,and sip wine while sitting on her deck during a sunset.Rosalie even turns off her cell phone during the weekends so that she won't be bothered.Rosalie likely has a __________ personality. A)Type A B)creative C)Type B D)extravert

Leyson has a Type B personality.Which of the following is most likely? A)Leyson is determined to achieve. B)Leyson is competitive. C)Leyson gets easily upset. D)Leyson is slow to anger.

The Type A behaviour pattern is a significant predictor of A)mental illness. B)coronary heart disease. C)cancer. D)respiratory illnesses.

Which Type A personality characteristic is the key trait that is linked to heart disease? A)hostility B)compulsiveness C)competitiveness D)chronic irritability

Which of the following statements regarding ulcers is true? A)Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of stomach ulcers. B)Chronic stress is the primary cause of stomach ulcers. C)Spicy foods and an unhealthy diet are the primary causes of stomach ulcers. D)Ulcers are uniquely genetic and stress has nothing to do with the symptoms of ulcers.

Aurora has a serious disorder known as __________,in which the human immunodeficiency virus attacks and damages the immune system. A)multiple sclerosis (MS) B)Alzheimer's disease (AD) C)acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) D)Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Which of the following is true about HIV/AIDS and stress? A)Stress can reduce the effectiveness of vaccination and antiretroviral treatments for HIV/AIDS. B)Surprisingly,moderate stress has been found to suppress HIV in the body. C)Stress can affect those who have AIDS,but has little effect on people who are only HIV positive. D)Stress has little to no effect on HIV/AIDS.

Research suggests that two ways in which cancer patients can potentially slow the disease's progression are A)stimulating the body's fight-or-flight response and guided imagery. B)strenuous exercise and injections of norepinephrine. C)participating in stressful events (e.g. ,public speaking). D)learning anger management techniques and being optimistic.

____________ refers to the processes used to manage demands,stress,and conflict. A)Reliance B)Coping C)Affectivity D)Biofeedback

A(n)___________ coping strategy is more suited to situations with identifiable solutions.In contrast,a(n)___________ coping strategy is more suited to situations without clear solutions. A)negative;positive B)positive;negative C)emotional;problem-solving D)problem-solving;emotional

Which area of psychology specifically studies human strengths and potential? A)positive psychology B)optimism psychology C)resilience psychology D)biofeedback psychology

When looking at a glass that is neither completely full nor completely empty,a(n)__________ might say "that glass is half full," while a(n)____________ might say "no,that glass is half empty!" A)pessimist;optimist B)realist;pessimist C)optimist;realist D)optimist;pessimist

Adena looks on the bright side of life.When a situation is not going well,she is able to bring to light something positive.This is known as A)optimism. B)pessimism. C)resiliency. D)affectivity.

Orson just received his calculus final exam mark back and sees that he failed.He immediately comes to the conclusion that he failed because he's stupid and will always fail everything.Orson's explanation of his performance is an example of A)a pessimistic explanatory style. B)negative affectivity. C)a neurotic personality style. D)post-traumatic growth.

When bad things happen to some people,they tend to blame it on themselves and fail to realize that things are likely to get better.This is known as A)a pessimistic explanatory style. B)learned helplessness. C)compensatory control. D)resilience.

Optimism is linked with A)better physical health. B)higher mortality rate. C)genetic inheritance. D)racial and ethnic background.

Petra has suffered several setbacks in the last year,including breaking up with her boyfriend and losing her job.Petra did not let these setbacks negatively affect her life for long and recovered from them quickly.Which trait does Petra best illustrate? A)learned helplessness B)resilience C)optimism D)negative affectivity

The ability to grow and experience long-term positive effects in response to negative events is known as A)resilience. B)post-traumatic growth. C)optimism. D)psychoneuroimmunology.

Derek sits in his therapist's office while attached to a heart rate monitor with a digital display.When Derek becomes anxious and his heart rate increases,his therapist instructs him to concentrate on lowering the rate displayed on the device.This is an example of using ________________ as part of anxiety therapy. A)integrated mind-body training B)concentrative meditation C)biofeedback D)mindfulness

According to your textbook,which of the following is true about the use of biofeedback for reducing stress? A)Biofeedback is not effective for reducing stress. B)Biofeedback is the most effective therapy for reducing stress. C)Simple relaxation techniques appear to be just as effective as biofeedback. D)Biofeedback is effective for reducing stress,but is considered unethical by many therapists.

Guadalupe has been having a lot of stress at work recently,and has spoken to a therapist about how to better handle her anxiety.Her therapist suggests that she try _________ meditation,which involves focusing exclusively on a single object,internal sound,or her own breathing. A)focused attention B)open monitoring C)mind-body D)biofeedback

________ meditation involves narrowing one's focus to a single event,while _______ involves allowing attention to flow freely and focusing on whatever comes to mind. A)Open monitoring;focused attention B)Mind-body;biofeedback C)Biofeedback;mind-body D)Focused attention;open monitoring

In a brain imaging study in which participants learned integrated mind-body training,increased activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus was associated with A)a feeling of floating. B)a heightened sense of relaxation. C)increased skin conductance (sweating). D)increased calming visual imagery.

Research suggests that people who are involved in a religion and attend services regularly are more likely to A)live a shorter life than are those who do not have religious beliefs. B)have elevated levels of cortisol due to chronic stress. C)live longer than do those who do not have religious beliefs. D)have a pessimistic explanatory style.

In comparison to nonreligious people,religious individuals have A)higher mortality rates and higher blood pressure. B)lower mortality rates and lower levels of depression. C)lower mortality rates and lower blood pressure. D)lower mortality rates and higher levels of depression.

________________ is a protein in the nervous system that promotes survival,growth,and formation of new synapses. A)Cortisol B)Vasopressin C)Oxytocin D)Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

What is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)? A)a stress hormone with similar properties to cortisol B)a nutrient found in fruits and vegetables C)a protein linked to the formation of new synapses D)an essential oil found in fatty fish

One way in which exercise is believed to improve cognitive functioning is by increasing levels of ____________ in the brain. A)cortisol B)brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) C)oxytocin D)norepinephrine

Which of the following is NOT associated with exercise? A)increased BDNF release B)the release of cortisol C)improved brain functioning and cognitive performance D)increased production of new neurons in the hippocampus

In a study described in your textbook,researchers randomly assigned participants to sprint,jog,or do nothing and then memorize a vocabulary list.Which group was able to learn the most words on average? A)the group that sprinted B)the group that jogged C)the group that did nothing D)There was no significant difference between the groups

Which of the following is true about the benefits of exercise? A)Exercise has long-term,but no short-term effects on cognition. B)Exercise has short-term (e.g. ,memorizing word lists),but no long-term effects on cognition. C)Exercising has physical effects on the body,but does not affect cognition. D)Exercising can slow the memory declines associated with Alzheimer's disease.

What is the relationship between perceived control and the experience of stress? A)Research has not revealed any relationship between stress and perceived control. B)Stress and control are directly related,meaning that the more control we perceive we have,the more stress we tend to experience. C)Experiencing stress in a given situation lowers our perception of the control we have over that stressor. D)The perception that one has control over a situation helps reduce the stress caused by that situation.

In a famous study,Seligman and his colleagues trained dogs that a tone predicted an inescapable shock.When the dogs were put into a situation where they could avoid the shock simply by moving to a "safe zone," they would simply lie down and receive the shock.This phenomenon is called A)animal pessimism. B)learned helplessness. C)a pessimistic response pattern. D)negative affectivity.

When Franz was young his older brother would beat him up.Franz is now stronger than his brother and could stop him;however,Franz simply curls up into a ball and lets his brother beat him up.This might be an example of A)pessimism. B)learned helplessness. C)a pessimistic response pattern. D)negative affectivity.

Many people cope with stressful life events through _______________,which refers to psychological strategies people use to preserve a sense of nonrandom order when personal control is compromised. A)compensatory control B)post-traumatic growth C)pessimistic explanatory styles D)negative affectivity

Nelson has recently begun to feel that he has no control over his life.Which of the following is he most likely to do as a result? A)abandon his religious beliefs B)adapt through post-traumatic growth C)develop a negative affectivity towards the world D)adopt superstitious beliefs to explain events