Quiz 1: A Introducing Psychological Science

Psychology is best defined as the study of mental illness and abnormal behaviour.

A hypothesis is a testable prediction about processes that can be observed and measured.

A good hypothesis is one that is stated in the most general terms possible.

The term "theory" is interchangeable with the terms "opinion" or "belief."

Part of being scientifically literate is being able to apply scientific knowledge to real-world situations.

Critical thinking involves exercising curiosity and skepticism when evaluating the claims of others,as well as our own assumptions and beliefs.

Critical thinkers realize that all opinions are valid.

Empiricism means that knowledge about the world is based on careful observation,not common sense or speculation.

Psychology became a scientific discipline in the mid- to late-1600s.

Phrenologists suggested that specific mental traits and dispositions could be identified by examining the surface of the skull.

Sigmund Freud's work using hypnosis to cure patients made him realize that many of his patients' symptoms had mental,not physical,causes and this led to the development of psychoanalysis.

Psychoanalysis emphasizes the influence of unconscious urges and memories on behaviour.

Credit for establishing psychology as an independent field of science is generally given to William James.

The goal of Edward Titchener in adopting Wilhelm Wundt's method of introspection was to break down consciousness into its most basic elements.

Structuralism was an early psychological approach that emphasized the function and purpose of behaviour and consciousness.

Humanistic psychology is an approach emphasizing the need for psychologists to focus on the whole of perception and experience,rather than its parts.

The cognitive perspective is an approach that emphasizes mental processes in thinking,memory,language,and other areas of behaviour.

The psychology of women is focused primarily on investigating why men are traditionally favoured in society.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)allows researchers to tap into the unconscious processes that motivate behaviour.

Cognitive psychology focuses on helping people to see the good in their lives and to accept themselves for who they are.