Question 1

The tendency to recall items at the beginning of a list is known as the ___________ effect,and the tendency to recall items at the end of a list is known as the ___________ effect.
A)recency;primacy
B)primacy;recency
C)serial position;primacy
D)serial position;recency

Accepted Answer

The tendency to recall items at the beginning of a list is known as the primacy effect, and the tendency to recall items at the end of a list is known as the recency effect.

Question 2

Which part of working memory guides attention and ensures that the other components are working on the appropriate task?
A)the phonological loop
B)the central executive
C)the episodic buffer
D)the visuospatial sketchpad

Accepted Answer

The central executive is the component of working memory that is responsible for guiding attention and directing the other components (phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad) to work on the appropriate task. The episodic buffer serves as a temporary storehouse for information from these components, but does not guide attention or task allocation.

Question 3

After you finish reading this sentence,the information will remain in your ________ as you consider each of the answers below.
A)long-term memory
B)echoic memory
C)sensory memory
D)working memory

Accepted Answer

After reading a sentence and considering the answers, the information is held in your working memory. This is where information is actively processed and manipulated.

Question 4

Devin is trying to remember the name of the cell body of a neuron.He can remember that it starts with an "s" and kind of sounds like aroma,but can't quite remember the term.This is an example of
A)the serial position effect.
B)the limits of sensory memory.
C)the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
D)retroactive amnesia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Devin is trying to remember the name...

Question 5

According to the serial position effect,if you are shown a list of items and then asked to immediately recall them,you will most easily recall items from the
A)beginning and the middle of the list.
B)beginning and the end of the list.
C)middle of the list.
D)end of the list.

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect states that we are more likely to remember items at the beginning and end of a list. This is because items at the beginning of the list have had time to be transferred to long-term memory, while items at the end of the list are still in our short-term memory. Therefore, the best choice is B, as we are more likely to recall items from the beginning and end of the list.

Question 6

As Katlin is learning a new language,she repeats the sound of the word over and over in her mind.Which component of working memory is primarily engaged during this task?
A)phonological loop
B)central executive
C)episodic buffer
D)visuospatial sketchpad

Accepted Answer

The phonological loop is the component of working memory that deals with acoustic and verbal information, such as repeating sounds or words in one's mind. Therefore, as Katlin is repeating the sounds of the word in her mind, the phonological loop is primarily engaged.

Question 7

Which memory system can be divided into four interrelated systems: central executive,visuospatial sketchpad,episodic buffer,and the phonological loop?
A)sensory memory
B)working memory
C)long-term memory
D)episodic memory

Accepted Answer

The memory system that can be divided into four interrelated systems, including the central executive, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and phonological loop, is known as working memory.

Question 8

_______________ is when recently learned information interferes with previously learned information.
A)The primacy effect
B)Proactive interference
C)Retroactive amnesia
D)Retroactive interference

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference is when recently learned information interferes with previously learned information.

Question 9

Gillian is assembling a bookcase.She studies one of the diagrams in the instructions and then looks for the parts she needs and begins to put them together.Which part of Gillian's working memory is primarily engaged during this task?
A)the phonological loop
B)the central executive
C)the episodic buffer
D)the visuospatial sketchpad

Accepted Answer

The visuospatial sketchpad is responsible for storing and processing visual and spatial information, which is crucial for assembling a bookcase based on a diagram.

Question 10

Most people cannot store the following list of letters in short-term memory. P I O Y E L H O V S L Y C O G
However,if the letters are grouped meaningfully into words,they fit short-term's memory span: I love psychology.This illustrates
A)chunking.
B)attentional blindness.
C)rote rehearsal.
D)serial position effect.

Accepted Answer

Chunking is the process of grouping and organizing pieces of information into larger, more meaningful units. In this scenario, the letters are chunked into the words "I love psychology," making it easier to store in short-term memory. Attentional blindness is a phenomenon where individuals fail to notice unexpected or important stimuli because they are focused on another task or object. Rote rehearsal refers to repeating information over and over again, which may improve recall but is not the same as chunking. Serial position effect refers to the tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than items in the middle.

Question 11

Sarah is working on her calculus homework.To solve the equations,she needs to hold on to the information while she works through the problems.In this example,Sarah is using her
A)sensory memory.
B)nondeclarative memory.
C)working memory.
D)episodic memory.

Accepted Answer

Sarah is using her working memory because she needs to hold on to the information while she works through the problems. Working memory is responsible for holding and manipulating information temporarily for cognitive tasks.

Question 12

Isla is studying French and Spanish for two upcoming exams.She starts by studying French and then moves on to studying Spanish.However,when Isla goes to write her Spanish exam,she finds she keeps remembering French words rather than Spanish words.This is an example of
A)retroactive interference.
B)proactive interference.
C)a shallow depth of processing.
D)the recency effect.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when older memory makes it more difficult to remember new information. In this case, Isla's memory of French (the older information) interferes with her ability to recall Spanish (the newer information).

Question 13

After working up the courage to ask Sam for her number,Alex repeats the number over and over in her head because she doesn't want to forget it.Alex's mental repetition is an example of
A)chunking.
B)deep processing.
C)rehearsal.
D)echoic memory.

Accepted Answer

Alex's mental repetition is an example of rehearsal, which involves actively repeating information to help transfer it from short-term to long-term memory.

Question 14

Recent research suggests that working memory includes a(n)_______________,which combines images and sounds into coherent,story-like episodes.
A)phonological loop
B)central executive
C)episodic buffer
D)visuospatial sketchpad

Accepted Answer

The episodic buffer is a component of working memory that integrates information from the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad, along with information from long-term memory, to create a more complete and coherent memory. This includes combining images and sounds into story-like episodes. The other options, phonological loop, central executive, and visuospatial sketchpad, are other components of working memory with different functions.

Question 15

Maria finds that it is easier to remember her student ID number if she thinks of it in segments,such as the first three digits,then the next two,and then the final four.This method is known as
A)rote rehearsal.
B)chunking.
C)the method of loci.
D)the serial position effect.

Accepted Answer

Maria is using the method of chunking, which involves grouping information into smaller, more manageable units in order to improve memory retention. This is different from rote rehearsal, which involves simply repeating the information over and over again without necessarily breaking it down into smaller units. The method of loci involves associating information with specific locations or objects in order to remember it, while the serial position effect refers to the tendency for people to remember information presented at the beginning or end of a list better than information presented in the middle.

Question 16

Proactive interference refers to when
A)older information interferes with the retrieval of newer information.
B)newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information.
C)information at the end of a list is more easily remembered.
D)information in the middle of a list is more easily remembered.

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the retrieval of new information. This is because the old information is more familiar and may be more accessible in memory, making it harder to retrieve the new information.

Question 17

Amahl just began teaching a new class.After having all the students list off their names,which ones is he most likely to forget?
A)the names of students from the middle of the list
B)the names of students at the beginning of the list
C)the names of students at the end of the list
D)any student names that were strange to him

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the serial position effect, where individuals tend to remember the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst.

Question 18

According to the recency effect,if your father read you a list of 10 items to pick up at the hardware store,you would most easily recall items
A)from early in the list.
B)in the middle of the list.
C)from the end of the list.
D)that are most distinctive.

Accepted Answer

The recency effect states that we are more likely to remember items that come at the end of a list. Therefore, in this scenario, you would most easily recall items from the end of the list.

Question 19

Tomlin is rehearsing with his band for an upcoming show;however,he's having a hard time remembering the lyrics to his songs.Each time he rehearses a new song,he forgets the lyrics to the songs they practised previously.This is an example of
A)the recency effect.
B)retroactive interference.
C)anterograde amnesia.
D)proactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to remember old information, which is what Tomlin is experiencing with song lyrics.

Question 20

Adrianna is trying to memorize the names of the bones in the hand.She had gone through the whole list of them when her phone rang.After she gets off the phone,she is MOST likely to remember the first few bone names on the list because of the
A)retroactive interference effect.
B)recency effect.
C)primacy effect.
D)proactive interference effect.

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect is a cognitive bias that results in a person remembering items at the beginning of a list better than those in the middle or end. This is because the first few items are more likely to have been transferred to long-term memory before being interrupted.

Quiz 7: C: Memory

The tendency to recall items at the beginning of a list is known as the _ effect,and the tendency to recall items at the end of a list is known as the _ effect.

Which part of working memory guides attention and ensures that the other components are working on the appropriate task?

After you finish reading this sentence,the information will remain in your ________ as you consider each of the answers below.

Devin is trying to remember the name of the cell body of a neuron.He can remember that it starts with an "s" and kind of sounds like aroma,but can't quite remember the term.This is an example of

According to the serial position effect,if you are shown a list of items and then asked to immediately recall them,you will most easily recall items from the

As Katlin is learning a new language,she repeats the sound of the word over and over in her mind.Which component of working memory is primarily engaged during this task?

Which memory system can be divided into four interrelated systems: central executive,visuospatial sketchpad,episodic buffer,and the phonological loop?

_______________ is when recently learned information interferes with previously learned information.

Gillian is assembling a bookcase.She studies one of the diagrams in the instructions and then looks for the parts she needs and begins to put them together.Which part of Gillian's working memory is primarily engaged during this task?

Most people cannot store the following list of letters in short-term memory. P I O Y E L H O V S L Y C O G However,if the letters are grouped meaningfully into words,they fit short-term's memory span: I love psychology.This illustrates

Sarah is working on her calculus homework.To solve the equations,she needs to hold on to the information while she works through the problems.In this example,Sarah is using her

Isla is studying French and Spanish for two upcoming exams.She starts by studying French and then moves on to studying Spanish.However,when Isla goes to write her Spanish exam,she finds she keeps remembering French words rather than Spanish words.This is an example of

After working up the courage to ask Sam for her number,Alex repeats the number over and over in her head because she doesn't want to forget it.Alex's mental repetition is an example of

Recent research suggests that working memory includes a(n) _______________,which combines images and sounds into coherent,story-like episodes.

Maria finds that it is easier to remember her student ID number if she thinks of it in segments,such as the first three digits,then the next two,and then the final four.This method is known as

Proactive interference refers to when

Amahl just began teaching a new class.After having all the students list off their names,which ones is he most likely to forget?

According to the recency effect,if your father read you a list of 10 items to pick up at the hardware store,you would most easily recall items

Tomlin is rehearsing with his band for an upcoming show;however,he's having a hard time remembering the lyrics to his songs.Each time he rehearses a new song,he forgets the lyrics to the songs they practised previously.This is an example of

Adrianna is trying to memorize the names of the bones in the hand.She had gone through the whole list of them when her phone rang.After she gets off the phone,she is MOST likely to remember the first few bone names on the list because of the