Question 1

Alice is sitting at the table with her son Nikko.She takes his tall glass of milk and pours exactly half of it into a shorter wider glass.Then she says,"Honey,which glass has more milk?" Nikko immediately points to the taller glass.This demonstrates that Nikko has not yet mastered
A)theory of mind.
B)transitivity.
C)object permanence.
D)conservation.

Accepted Answer

Nikko's choice shows that he has not yet mastered the concept of conservation, which is the ability to understand that the amount of a substance remains the same even if its appearance is altered (e.g. pouring the milk into a taller glass does not change the amount of milk).

Question 2

The first time Nova showed a toy panda to her infant son,he appeared very interested and stared at it for a long time.Over time,however,Nova has noticed that her son has become less interested in the toy and only looks at it briefly.This is an example of
A)conservation.
B)object permanence.
C)dishabituation.
D)habituation.

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes the process of habituation, which occurs when a stimulus (in this case, the toy panda) becomes less interesting or novel over time and the individual becomes less responsive to it. This is a normal process of learning and adaptation, especially for infants who are constantly experiencing new things in their environment. Conservation refers to the understanding that a certain quantity of a substance remains the same even when its appearance is changed. Object permanence refers to the understanding that an object still exists even when it is out of sight. Dishabituation refers to an increase in responsiveness to a stimulus when a new, novel stimulus is introduced. None of these concepts are relevant to this scenario.

Question 3

Abel's dad is playing with him by shaking a rattle in front of him.After some time,Abel loses interest and stops paying attention.Abel's dad then shows him a sock puppet and Abel is once again captivated.This example demonstrates the concept of
A)conservation.
B)object permanence.
C)dishabituation.
D)habituation.

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the concept of habituation, which refers to a decreased interest or responsiveness to a repeated stimulus over time. Abel initially paid attention to the rattling noise, but eventually lost interest as it became familiar. When his dad introduced the new stimulus of the sock puppet, Abel's interest was renewed, suggesting that he was habituated to the rattle but recovered his attention in response to the novel stimulus.

Question 4

Although not all psychologists agree,research using habituation and dishabituation,as discussed in your textbook,suggests that very young infants might
A)understand the meaning of some simple words.
B)demonstrate object permanence.
C)recognize their parents.
D)have a rudimentary appreciation for numbers.

Accepted Answer

Research using habituation and dishabituation indicates that infants may have a basic understanding of numerical differences, suggesting a rudimentary appreciation for numbers.

Question 5

Which of the following theories of attachment was effectively discredited by the work of Harry Harlow?
A)Babies become attached to adults who are pleasant to touch.
B)Babies become attached to adults who provide them with nourishment.
C)Babies become attached to adults who smile at them.
D)Babies become attached to adults who talk in quiet voices.

Accepted Answer

Harry Harlow's experiments with monkeys showed that attachment was not just based on feeding, but also on the need for comfort and affection. Monkeys preferred the "wire mother" covered in a soft cloth for comfort over the "wire mother" that provided milk. This challenged the theory of attachment based solely on nourishment.

Question 6

Asking students to predict how the course of Canadian history may have changed if the expulsion of the Acadians had not occurred,would likely be most comprehensively answered by students in which of Piaget's stages?
A)sensorimotor
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Accepted Answer

The question requires students to engage in hypothetical thinking and consider multiple variables. This level of abstract reasoning is indicative of the formal operational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory.

Question 7

The emotional bond that a newborn baby shares with his or her caregiver(s)is called
A)maternal love.
B)temperament.
C)Harlow's Bond.
D)attachment.

Accepted Answer

Attachment is the emotional bond that a newborn baby shares with his or her caregiver(s). Maternal love is a specific type of attachment that may develop between a mother and her child, but it is not the broad term used to describe the bond. Temperament refers to a person's behavioral characteristics, such as being shy or outgoing, and is not directly related to attachment. Harlow's Bond is not a commonly recognized scientific term and does not accurately describe the concept of attachment.

Question 8

Hakim and his older sister,Nada,are at the kitchen table working on their homework.Nada reads Hakim one of the questions she's working on,"Imagine you want to test the hypothesis that warm water freezes faster than cold water.Design an experiment to test your hypothesis." Hakim is very confused and doesn't quite understand this approach to thinking.Given this example,Hakim is likely in the ________ stage,while Nada is likely in the _________ stage.
A)formal operational;concrete operational
B)concrete operational;formal operational
C)preoperational;concrete operational
D)concrete operational;preoperational

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children between the ages of 7 and 12 are in the concrete operational stage. Nada, who is able to think logically and come up with a hypothesis to test, is likely in this stage. Hakim, who is confused and doesn't understand this approach, is likely in the preoperational stage, which is the stage for children between the ages of 2 and 7. Therefore, the best option is B (concrete operational; preoperational).

Question 9

Harlow's study of infant rhesus monkeys showed that
A)surrogate mothers who were cold to the touch but provided food and water produced the strongest attachment responses.
B)surrogate mothers who were soft to the touch but did not provide food and water produced the strongest attachment responses.
C)the first surrogate mother to be presented to the infant monkeys,led to the strongest attachment responses.
D)surrogate mothers who were inconsistent in providing food and water produced the weakest attachment responses.

Accepted Answer

Harlow's study found that the infant monkeys formed the strongest attachments to surrogate mothers who were soft and fuzzy, even if they did not provide food and water. This demonstrated the importance of contact comfort in attachment formation, rather than just the provision of basic needs. Surrogate mothers who were cold to the touch but provided food and water did not produce strong attachment responses. The order in which the surrogate mothers were presented did not seem to have an impact on attachment formation. Inconsistency in providing food and water did not necessarily result in weak attachment responses, as the monkeys still formed attachments to the soft and fuzzy surrogate mothers even if they did not always provide food and water.

Question 10

According to Piaget,a child in the _____________ stage of cognitive development should be able to think in a logical and organized manner,but is likely to have difficulty understanding the more abstract ideas,like those found in algebra.
A)formal operational
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)sensorimotor

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the concrete operational stage occurs between ages 7 and 11. During this stage, children are able to think logically and organize thoughts, but they still have difficulty with abstract ideas. Algebra is a subject that involves more abstract thinking and is typically not introduced until later in a child's development. Therefore, a child in the concrete operational stage would likely have difficulty with algebraic concepts.

Question 11

Ms.Johnson gave Mark and Tia equal-sized lumps of clay.Tia immediately rolled hers into a long shape.Mark cried and complained that Tia had received more clay.Mark's behaviour represents
A)an inability to accommodate.
B)an inability to conserve.
C)difficulty with formal operational tasks.
D)a lack of object permanence.

Accepted Answer

Mark's behaviour represents an inability to conserve, which is the understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even when its appearance changes. Mark thinks that Tia has more clay because she has stretched her lump out into a longer shape, which shows that he does not understand the concept of conservation.

Question 12

The core knowledge hypothesis suggests that
A)infants have inborn abilities for understanding some key aspects of their environment.
B)children do not develop true abstract thinking until after puberty.
C)children must first develop an essential set of cognitive skills before they can develop abstract thinking.
D)infants and children primarily learn through a process of accommodation and assimilation.

Accepted Answer

The core knowledge hypothesis proposes that infants are born with some innate cognitive abilities that allow them to understand fundamental aspects of their environment, such as physics, biology, and people's actions and intentions.

Question 13

Young Pemba is being observed as he plays in a room with his mother.Pemba plays with the toys in the room,but occasionally looks back at his mother to make sure she is there.When Pemba's mother leaves the room,he becomes moderately upset,but is easily soothed when she returns.Which type of attachment does Pemba seem to have with his mother?
A)anxious
B)secure
C)ambivalent
D)avoidant

Accepted Answer

Pemba's behavior of checking back with his mother while playing and being easily soothed when she returns suggest a secure attachment style. He shows signs of trusting his mother to be a consistent source of comfort and support.

Question 14

Psychologist Mary Ainsworth developed the __________ test in order to assess the different types of attachment that might exist between a child and his or her primary caregiver.
A)theory of mind
B)separation
C)strange situation
D)stranger danger

Accepted Answer

The strange situation test involves observing a child's behavior when placed in a situation of mild stress, such as being left alone with a stranger or being reunited with their primary caregiver after a brief separation. Ainsworth used this test to identify three types of attachment: secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant.

Question 15

During which of Piaget's stages does a child demonstrate the ability to reason about abstract ideas?
A)sensorimotor
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Accepted Answer

The formal operational stage, which typically begins at age 12, marks the period during which children develop the ability to reason and think logically about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations. Prior to this stage, children are limited to concrete experiences and are not able to think abstractly.

Question 16

In Harlow's studies with young monkeys,the monkeys were exposed to a wire mother with a bottle and a cloth mother without a bottle.The young monkeys spent their non-feeding time
A)with the wire mother.
B)with both mothers equally.
C)with the cloth mother.
D)away from both mothers.

Accepted Answer

In Harlow's studies with young monkeys, the monkeys spent their non-feeding time with the cloth mother. This suggests that physical comfort and attachment were more important to the monkeys than access to food.

Question 17

When a child cannot complete a task on their own,but is capable with the help of an adult,the child is said to be
A)in the zone of proximal development.
B)experiencing a teachable moment.
C)demonstrating the core knowledge hypothesis.
D)in the formal operational stage of development.

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development, defined by Lev Vygotsky, refers to the gap between a child's current competence level and their potential competence level with the assistance of someone more skilled. Therefore, when a child requires the help of an adult to complete a task, they are working within their zone of proximal development.

Question 18

Sparrow has just learned how to sound out each written letter in the alphabet.Her teacher,Ms.Lee,wants to use scaffolding to help Sparrow learn to read.What would be a good 'next step' for Ms.Lee to use?
A)teach Sparrow how to print the letters she can now sound out
B)teach Sparrow how to sound out simple words such as 'cat' and 'bat'
C)teach Sparrow the difference between consonants and vowels
D)teach Sparrow how to read a consonant and a letter put together such as 'ba' or 'da'

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sparrow has just learned how to sound...

Question 19

Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child's interaction with objects,Vygotsky attributed cognitive development to
A)biological changes in the brain.
B)expectations from caregivers.
C)completing activities independently,without help from others.
D)interaction between a child and skilled people.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky believed that cognitive development is a result of the interaction between a child and more skilled or knowledgeable people, who guide and support the child's learning through social interactions, scaffolding, and cultural tools such as language, technology, and symbols. He emphasized the role of social context, cultural values, and language in shaping children's thinking and problem-solving abilities, and viewed cognitive development as a collaborative process that occurs in the Zone of Proximal Development, where children engage in social activities that challenge them to reach higher levels of understanding and competence with the help of more experienced partners. Thus, Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development focuses on the social and cultural influences that shape children's thinking and learning, rather than on innate abilities or individual exploration.

Question 20

Piper is playing in the waiting room at the doctor's office with her mother present,although Piper isn't paying much attention to her.Piper does not respond in any way when her mother leaves her in the room with a stranger or when she returns.What type of attachment does Piper likely have?
A)anxious
B)disorganized
C)ambivalent
D)avoidant

Accepted Answer

Piper's lack of response when her mother leaves or returns suggests that she is avoidant. This type of attachment style is characterized by a child who shows little distress when separated from their caregiver and does not seek comfort from them upon their return. The lack of response to a stranger is also indicative of an avoidant attachment style.

Quiz 10: C: Lifespan Development

Alice is sitting at the table with her son Nikko.She takes his tall glass of milk and pours exactly half of it into a shorter wider glass.Then she says,"Honey,which glass has more milk?" Nikko immediately points to the taller glass.This demonstrates that Nikko has not yet mastered

The first time Nova showed a toy panda to her infant son,he appeared very interested and stared at it for a long time.Over time,however,Nova has noticed that her son has become less interested in the toy and only looks at it briefly.This is an example of

Abel's dad is playing with him by shaking a rattle in front of him.After some time,Abel loses interest and stops paying attention.Abel's dad then shows him a sock puppet and Abel is once again captivated.This example demonstrates the concept of

Although not all psychologists agree,research using habituation and dishabituation,as discussed in your textbook,suggests that very young infants might

Which of the following theories of attachment was effectively discredited by the work of Harry Harlow?

Asking students to predict how the course of Canadian history may have changed if the expulsion of the Acadians had not occurred,would likely be most comprehensively answered by students in which of Piaget's stages?

The emotional bond that a newborn baby shares with his or her caregiver(s) is called

Harlow's study of infant rhesus monkeys showed that

According to Piaget,a child in the _____________ stage of cognitive development should be able to think in a logical and organized manner,but is likely to have difficulty understanding the more abstract ideas,like those found in algebra.

Ms.Johnson gave Mark and Tia equal-sized lumps of clay.Tia immediately rolled hers into a long shape.Mark cried and complained that Tia had received more clay.Mark's behaviour represents

The core knowledge hypothesis suggests that

Psychologist Mary Ainsworth developed the __________ test in order to assess the different types of attachment that might exist between a child and his or her primary caregiver.

During which of Piaget's stages does a child demonstrate the ability to reason about abstract ideas?

In Harlow's studies with young monkeys,the monkeys were exposed to a wire mother with a bottle and a cloth mother without a bottle.The young monkeys spent their non-feeding time

When a child cannot complete a task on their own,but is capable with the help of an adult,the child is said to be

Sparrow has just learned how to sound out each written letter in the alphabet.Her teacher,Ms.Lee,wants to use scaffolding to help Sparrow learn to read.What would be a good 'next step' for Ms.Lee to use?

Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child's interaction with objects,Vygotsky attributed cognitive development to

Piper is playing in the waiting room at the doctor's office with her mother present,although Piper isn't paying much attention to her.Piper does not respond in any way when her mother leaves her in the room with a stranger or when she returns.What type of attachment does Piper likely have?