Question 1

You really would like to do well in this psychology course. More than scoring high grades, you are interested in learning and gaining some expertise for the material, even though some of the content is quite challenging for you. You appears to have a ________________ and Your particular way of manifesting this suggests that you are motivated by ________________.

Accepted Answer

Your interest in learning and gaining expertise despite challenges indicates a high need for achievement focused on understanding the material deeply, which aligns with mastery goals. Competitive goals would focus more on outperforming others, which is not mentioned in your motivation.

Question 2

Some researchers are intrigued by the results from studies suggesting that sexual orientation may be manipulated by prenatal exposure to sex hormones. However, many remain unconvinced by these findings, stating that the studies of ___________ that have been done are ____________ in nature and thus they can provide no clear causal conclusions.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is A) humans; correlational because the studies mentioned are likely observational studies of humans that identify associations between prenatal hormone exposure and sexual orientation but cannot definitively establish cause and effect due to their correlational nature.

Question 3

Current evidence on sexual orientation suggests that it is ____________ genetic.

Accepted Answer

Current scientific consensus holds that sexual orientation is at least partially influenced by genetic factors, though it is not determined by genetics alone. Environmental and social factors also play significant roles.

Question 4

One theory asserts that male homosexuality stems from being raised by a weak, ineffectual father and a domineering mother. This theory has received ___________.

Accepted Answer

This theory, often associated with older psychoanalytic views, has not been supported by empirical evidence. Modern research in psychology and related fields does not support the idea that parental roles determine sexual orientation.

Question 5

The division between _____________ is not always clear but some theorists suggest that it is best to consider one as a stimulus and the other as a response.

Accepted Answer

Motivation is often considered the stimulus that propels individuals to act or behave in certain ways, while emotion can be seen as the response to those motivations or the situations that arise from them.

Question 6

You have always been motivated to outperform others. In jobs, in your recreational basketball league, and even when driving home from work, you often want to be the best and surpass other people. In particular, your motivation appears to stem in a large part from your desire to avoid making mistakes and losing, which were things that your father never tolerated when you were growing up. Your high achievement motivation appears to come from a combination of ___________.

Accepted Answer

The description aligns with performance-approach goals, where the focus is on outperforming others, and a fear of failure, which is driven by the desire to avoid mistakes and losing, as influenced by the individual's upbringing.

Question 7

You are achievement oriented, and likes to master a task; you learn from and understands your mistakes and improve your performance. People would say that you observe a ___________ to your goals.

Accepted Answer

Mastery-approach goals are focused on developing competence and learning new things, which aligns with the description of someone who is achievement-oriented, learns from mistakes, and seeks to improve performance.

Question 8

Which of the following would represent an example of the avoidance-avoidance conflict? A child who ___________.

Accepted Answer

The avoidance-avoidance conflict involves a choice between two negative or undesirable options. In this case, going to school sick or going to the doctor's office are both undesirable options for the child.

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding emotion and motivation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Emotion and motivation differ in their nature; emotions are typically seen as responses to specific events, whereas motivation is more often considered a driving force that propels individuals towards certain actions or goals, not merely a response.

Question 10

Feeling states that involve patterns of cognitive, physiological, and behavioural reactions to events is specifically known as the concept of __________________.

Accepted Answer

Emotion is the term that specifically refers to feeling states involving patterns of cognitive, physiological, and behavioral reactions to events. These components of emotion differentiate it from concepts like motivation, drive, and instinct, which do not encompass the full range of cognitive, physiological, and behavioral reactions in the same way.

Question 11

You have a high need for achievement. You take a class where you are responsible for your grade, you are unsure of your ability in the class, and you receive regular feedback from the instructor. We can expect that you will work __________ than the typical student.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a high need for achievement tend to work harder, especially in environments where they are directly responsible for their outcomes, uncertain about their abilities, and receive regular feedback. This drives them to put in more effort to ensure success.

Question 12

Studies of families have suggested that a strong motive for success is fostered by parents who ___________.

Accepted Answer

Encouraging and rewarding achievement while not punishing failure creates a positive environment that fosters a strong motive for success. This approach supports children in striving for success by recognizing their achievements and providing motivation without the fear of punishment for failing, which can inhibit risk-taking and learning from mistakes.

Question 13

You strive hard for success making you a high-need achiever. You work best when he ___________.

Accepted Answer

High-need achievers tend to work best when they perceive themselves as personally responsible for the outcome of their efforts, as this sense of personal responsibility motivates them to strive harder and achieve their goals.

Question 14

Positive or negative affective states that are comprised of various cognitive, physiological, and behavioural responses are called ____________.

Accepted Answer

Emotions are made up of cognitive (thoughts), physiological (body responses), and behavioural (actions) components. Drives and motives refer to internal states that propel individuals towards achieving goals or satisfying needs. Stressors are external factors that produce stress.

Question 15

You have been accepted by the University of British Columbia and the University of Toronto and because you like both universities, you are having a hard time deciding which one to attend. This example best demonstrates an ___________.

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of an approach-approach conflict, where an individual must choose between two desirable options, both of which have positive outcomes.

Question 16

When given the opportunity to select the difficulty of a task, people who are high in need for achievement tend to select tasks that are ______________. This appears to be because these kinds of tasks offer the most ______________.

Accepted Answer

People high in need for achievement tend to select tasks that are medium in difficulty because these tasks offer the most optimal balance of challenge and achievability, providing a meaningful sense of accomplishment and feedback on their performance.

Question 17

Motivation is to ______________ as emotion is to _____________.

Accepted Answer

Motivation acts as an internal stimulus that prompts an individual to act, while emotion can be seen as a response to various stimuli, including those internal motivations.

Question 18

People with a low need for achievement tend to choose tasks that are ___________.

Accepted Answer

People with a low need for achievement often choose tasks that are either easy, to ensure success, or very difficult, to have a ready-made excuse for failure.

Question 19

A person's ____________ specifically refers to his or her emotional and erotic preference for partners of a particular sex.

Accepted Answer

Sexual orientation specifically refers to an individual's emotional and erotic preference for partners of a particular sex, distinguishing it from concepts like gender identity, which relates to a person's personal sense of their own gender.

Question 20

Research suggests that people with a high need for achievement tend to have a __________ need for success and a _____________ fear of failure.

Accepted Answer

People with a high need for achievement are motivated by success and have a low fear of failure, as they are more focused on achieving goals than worrying about potential setbacks.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion