Psychology Frontiers And Applications Study Set 5

Hypotheses typically specify lawful relations between certain behaviours and their causes, and tend to be broader than theories.

The three key scientific attitudes displayed by John Darley and Bibb Latané were curiosity, skepticism, and reason.

An unobtrusive measure assesses behaviour without participants being aware that they are being observed.

The optimum operational definition for exam stress would be to focus on the psychological variable of self-reported anxiety.

The problem in which we can't tell which of two variables causes the other (e.g., does A cause B or does B cause A) is called the third-variable problem.

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation or prediction about some phenomenon.

A major disadvantage of correlational research is that the correlation coefficient tells you the direction of a correlation (i.e., whether X and Y are negatively or positively correlated) but not how strongly the two variables are related.

Random assignment is used to ensure that a sample is representative of the population from which it is drawn.

Case studies enable us to make better generalizations than do naturalistic observations.

All other things being equal, a simpler theory is considered to be better than a more complex theory.

In both correlational research and experimental research, the experimenter manipulates a variable

In an experiment, the independent variable is the one that is manipulated by the researcher.

Researchers often manipulate more than one independent variable in experiments because it better captures the complexity of human behaviour.

Self-report measures inform us about the behaviour of an individual, by asking for information from the people around him/her.

A correlation of.53 is considered to be stronger than a correlation of -.78.

An operational definition defines a variable in terms of the specific procedures used to measure it.

The independent variable is the variable administered to the experimental group and the dependent variable is the variable administered to the control group.

In correlational research, the experimenter measures all of the variables and statistically determines whether there is an association between them.

Random sampling occurs when every member of a target population has an equal chance of being in a survey.

The research method in which the researcher observes behaviour occurring in a natural setting is called a case study.