Quiz+ | Quiz 4: Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

A heritability coefficient of 0.70 for math ability indicates that 70% of the variation in math ability between individuals is due to genetic factors.

True False

Q 6

The gene knockout procedure involves using certain enzymes to cut DNA into molecules to combine them with the DNA of another organism.

True False

Q 7

Some research has shown that identical twins raised apart are still more similar than fraternal twins raised together.

True False

Q 8

The greatest similarity in intelligence scores for different family relations is between mothers and their firstborn children.

True False

Q 9

The concept of a reaction range emphasizes the fact that genetic and environmental factors interact to influence behaviour.

True False

Q 10

Twins, whether identical or fraternal, tend to be treated very similarly by others.

True False

Q 11

In examining the factors that influence personality traits, the role of genetic similarity has been shown to be equally important compared to the role of the family environment.

True False

Q 12

Sometimes, as part of the natural selection process, characteristics called "neutral" variations that neither enhance nor hinder survival are passed on.

True False

Q 13

Genetic variation enables some individuals to adapt to their environment, thus ensuring their survival.

True False

Q 14

Personality traits such as extraversion and emotional stability were helpful in attaining dominance.

True False

Q 15

Polyandry occurs in a species if the male is low in parental investment and the female is high.

True False

Q 16

Both males and females rate physical attractiveness as the top quality they seek in a mate.

True False

Q 17

Both males and females rate mutual attraction as one of the top qualities they seek in a mate.

True False

Q 18

Evolutionary theorists argue that we find symmetrical faces to be most attractive because it is an indication of good health.

True False

Q 19

In a true act of altruism, the helping individual gains a personal advantage.

True False

Q 20

According to the theory of reciprocal altruism, we help those that share their genes with us.

True False

Q 21

The likelihood of altruism decreases in an orderly way as genetic relatedness decreases.

True False

Q 22

One of the functions of aggression is to establish dominance hierarchies.

True False

Q 23

The most common type of homicide in all cultures is men murdering women.

True False

Q 24

Genetic determinism states that genes have invariant and unavoidable effects.

True False

Q 25

Maintaining the "status quo" of countries engaging in wars is legitimized by evolutionary theory.

True False

Q 26

The specific genetic makeup of an individual is referred to as the A)genotype B)phenotype C)polygenetic transmission D)recombinant DNA

Multiple Choice

Q 27

The observable characteristics produced by a particular genetic endowment are called ___________. A)concordance B)genotype C)phenotype D)heritability coefficient

Multiple Choice

Q 28

Two people both have the dominant genes for brown hair but one has light brown hair and the other has dark brown hair. This difference reflects differences in ______. A)concordance B)genotype C)phenotype D)heritability coefficient

Multiple Choice

Q 29

Even though a female may have the gene for blue eyes in her chromosomes, it is possible that she may actually have brown eyes because this particular characteristic is recessive. Instances like these most clearly demonstrate the distinction between A)chromosomes and genes B)chromosomes and genotype C)phenotype and chromosomes D)phenotype and genotype

Multiple Choice

Q 30

Kelsey knows she has many athletic abilities she has not developed partly because she lacks the motivation to do so. One might say these abilities are part of her ____. A)phenotype B)genotype C)phylotype D)chromosomes

Multiple Choice

Q 31

Unlike the blueprints for a house, a person's genetic blueprint is not observable. Identical twins may have the same genotype but given different environmental influences, their ________ may be quite unique. A)heritability B)DNA C)characteristics D)phenotype

Multiple Choice

Q 32

Carol has average size hands for a woman. Her mother has rather large hands and her father relatively small hands for a man. Carol's sister says Carol has a combination of the large and small hands resulting in Carol's medium hand size. Carol has studied genetics in school and knows this is not true because specific traits are passed on, not _______________ ones. A)physical B)mutated C)blended D)adaptive

Multiple Choice

Q 33

A chromosome is A)synonymous with the term "gene" B)a coiled molecule of DNA that is covered by protein C)the portion of the gene that carries the hereditary blueprint D)recombinant DNA

Multiple Choice

Q 34

The portion of the chromosome that carries the specific hereditary units of information are called A)genes B)phenotypes C)polygenic transmissions D)heritability coefficients

Multiple Choice

Q 35

Every cell in the human body except one type has A)46 genes B)46 chromosomes C)23 genes D)23 chromosomes

Multiple Choice

Q 36

All cells in the human body have the same number of chromosomes except for _______________. A)glial cells B)brain cells C)sex cells D)nerve cells

Multiple Choice

Q 37

Sex cells are different from all other cells in the human body because they A)have no alleles B)are involved in polygenetic transmission C)have twice the number of chromosomes as regular cells D)have half the number of chromosomes as regular cells

Multiple Choice

Q 38

Which of the following statements about genetic transmission from parents to offspring is true? A)46 chromosomes from the egg combine with 46 chromosomes from the sperm. B)23 chromosomes from the egg combine with 23 chromosomes from the sperm. C)The dominant genes tend to come from the egg. D)The dominant genes tend to come from the sperm.

Multiple Choice

Q 39

When sperm fertilizes an egg, the new cell has A)46 genes B)23 genes C)46 chromosomes D)23 chromosomes

Multiple Choice

Q 40

A dominant gene is one that A)interacts with multiple gene pairs to determine the expression of a single phenotypic characteristic B)determines the expression of the trait it controls when its gene partner is also dominant C)determines the expression of the trait it controls only if its gene partner is recessive D)directly determines the expression of the trait it controls

Multiple Choice

Q 41

Both of Bob's parents have blue eyes. Bob carries the dominant gene for blue eyes, yet his eyes are brown. This means that the gene for blue eyes would be considered A)polygenic B)phenotypic C)recessive D)dominant

Multiple Choice

Q 42

When multiple gene pairs combine to influence the expression of a single phenotypic trait, it is called A)dominant transmission B)phenotypic transmission C)genotypic transmission D)polygenic transmission

Multiple Choice

Q 43

Polygenic transmission occurs when A)a single phenotypic characteristic is determined by the interaction between several gene pairs B)a gene determines the expression of the trait it controls when its gene partner is recessive C)a gene determines the expression of the trait it controls when its gene partner is dominant D)a gene directly determines the expression of the trait it controls

Multiple Choice

Q 44

Brad has blue eyes and his wife has brown eyes. Both of their children have brown eyes. Their eldest son, Mike, marries a woman with blue eyes, and they are now expecting their first baby. Is it possible for the child to be born with blue eyes? A)Yes, Mike may carry the recessive gene for blue eyes. B)Yes, as with any child, there is a possibility for either eye colour occurring. C)No, as long as one parent has brown eyes the child will have brown eyes. D)No, Brad would not be carrying the recessive blue eye gene.

Multiple Choice

Q 45

Recombinant DNA procedures refer to the process in which A)chromosomes are transplanted within a single organism B)pieces of DNA from several organisms are put together and allowed to divide and copy in a new organism C)a specific gene is altered is such a way that it prevents it from carrying out its normal function D)the dominant or recessive qualities of a particular gene are changed

Multiple Choice

Q 46

Techniques in which pieces of DNA from an organism are combined with DNA from other organisms and then allowed to proliferate in a new host organism are called A)recombinant DNA procedures B)genotypic DNA transmission C)heritability procedures D)polygenic transmission

Multiple Choice

Q 47

Which of the following is one of the methods used in recombinant DNA research? A)Antigens are artificially added to the body to stimulate the immune system. B)Weak electrical currents are used to regrow damaged neurons. C)Cells with nerve growth factor are implanted to repair severed spinal cord neurons. D)Enzymes are used to cut the long threadlike molecules of genetic DNA into pieces.

Multiple Choice

Q 48

Recombinant DNA procedures have been used to produce human growth hormone that has been used to treat children who are abnormally short. The results of the research examining the impact for these children is that A)they achieved average height at adolescence B)they achieved slightly above average height at adolescence C)they achieved slightly below average height at adolescence D)they did not achieve sufficient increases in height by adolescence

Multiple Choice

Q 49

Which of the following procedures have been used to produce human growth hormone? A)Gene knockout B)Polygenic transmission C)Recombinant DNA D)Inheritance transmission

Multiple Choice

Q 50

The procedure in which an individual gene is altered to prevent it from carrying out its normal function is called the A)recombinant procedure B)gene knockout procedure C)polygenic procedure D)elimination procedure

Multiple Choice

Q 51

The gene knockout procedure refers to the process of A)artificially suppressing the function of the immune system B)preventing neurons from firing by inhibiting reuptake C)altering an individual gene such that its normal function is prevented D)flooding the body with stress hormones so that a gene goes into temporary shock

Multiple Choice

Q 52

An animal researcher inserts into the body of a mouse a genetic substance that is designed to prevent neurons from responding to dopamine. The researcher then observes the mouse to determine the impact of the absence of dopamine on the mouse's behaviour. This researcher has just utilized what is called the A)knockout procedure B)elimination procedure C)recombinant procedure D)polygenic procedure

Multiple Choice

Q 53

While the gene knockout procedure has been shown to result in changes in behaviour, interpretation of the findings of this procedure must be made carefully since A)very little behaviour is controlled by only one gene B)the behaviour change is typically not permanent C)this research has elicited a host of ethical and moral issues D)there is little application of this research on animals with respect to humans

Multiple Choice

Q 54

While genetic engineering gives humans potential control over heredity and evolutionary processes, there is a key question with respect to the use of genetic engineering? A)Can these findings on animals be meaningfully applied to humans? B)Is it moral/ethical to manipulate genetic makeup? C)Is this research of significant value to test these techniques on animals? D)Does the research show that these techniques actually produce any lasting changes?

Multiple Choice

Q 55

Siblings have a certain percentage of chance of sharing the same gene with one another. This percentage of chance is _____. A)50 percent B)100 percent C)25 percent D)5 percent

Multiple Choice

Q 56

The probability of a child sharing any particular gene with his or her parents is A)0.05 B)0.25 C)0.50 D)1.0

Multiple Choice

Q 57

Of the list below, genetically speaking, which pair of individuals is most alike? A)Two brothers who are fraternal twins B)A brother and sister who are fraternal twins C)Two brothers who are identical twins D)Two sisters who are fraternal twins

Multiple Choice

Q 58

A grandchild has a certain percentage of chance of sharing any single gene with his or her grandparents. This percentage of chance is _____. A)50 percent B)25 percent C)100 percent D)10 percent

Multiple Choice

Q 59

Dizygotic twins share a certain percentage of their genetic endowment with their parents. This percentage of genetic endowment is ____________. A)100 percent B)50 percent C)25 percent D)75 percent

Multiple Choice

Q 60

The extent to which variation among a group of people can be attributed to genetic factors is estimated by the A)polygenic coefficient B)genetic coefficient C)correlation coefficient D)heritability coefficient

Multiple Choice

Q 61

The heritability coefficient is used to estimate A)the extent to which variation in a group of people can be accounted for by genetic factors B)the extent to which variation in a group of people can be accounted for by environmental factors C)the probability that a person will share a given gene with his or her parents D)the probability that a person will share a given gene with a sibling

Multiple Choice

Q 62

Adoption studies have found that people with schizophrenia are A)more similar to their adoptive parents than to their biological parents B)more similar to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents C)equally similar to their biological and adoptive parents D)not similar to either their biological parents or their adoptive parents

Multiple Choice

Q 63

The heritability coefficient is highest for which of the following human characteristics? A)Conscientiousness B)Height C)Intelligence D)Impulsivity

Multiple Choice

Q 64

The heritability coefficient for intelligence is.50. This means that A)50 percent of the variation in the intelligence of an individual is related to genetic factors B)50 percent of the variation of intelligence between groups of people is related to genetic factors C)50 percent of the variation of intelligence within a group of people is related to genetic factors D)50 percent of the variation of intelligence in a group of people is related to environmental factors

Multiple Choice

Q 65

Studies comparing the similarity of identical and fraternal twins who are raised together and apart are especially informative because A)they tell us about the relative importance of the environment and genetic factors B)they tell us only about the importance of the environment C)they tell us only about the importance of genetic factors D)they tell us what genes may be responsible for the occurrence of twins

Multiple Choice

Q 66

Twin studies have found that some psychological traits, such as intelligence, have a notable genetic contribution. This can be concluded from what evidence? A)The similarity of identical twins is greater when they are reared apart than when they are reared together. B)The similarity of fraternal twins raised together is greater than the similarity of identical twins raised apart. C)The similarity of identical twins raised apart is greater than the similarityof fraternal twins raised apart. D)The similarity of identical twins is essentially equal to that of fraternal twins.

Multiple Choice

Q 67

Keith and Kirk are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different parts of the country in different environments. When as adults they were reunited, researchers compared them on several psychological characteristics. Compared to identical twins that have been raised together, Keith and Kirk probably have A)even more characteristics in common than if they were raised together B)the same level of similarity from those raised together C)fewer characteristics in common because of different environmental influences D)as much in common on their psychological characteristics had they been fraternal twins

Multiple Choice

Q 68

One problem with studying identical and fraternal twins raised together or apart is that A)Often twins raised apart have very similar environments. B)Identical twins that are raised together may be treated more similarly than fraternal twins, which could account for their greater behavioural similarity. C)Fraternal twins may be male and female whereas identical twins are always either both male or female. D)There is no control over the environments of twins who are raised apart.

Multiple Choice

Q 69

An adoption study examining the heritability of criminal behaviour found that people who had biological parents and adoptive parents who both had criminal records were the most likely to be criminals themselves. This example was presented to demonstrate A)the influence of genetic factors on criminal behaviour B)the influence of environmental factors on criminal behaviour C)how genotype and phenotype can interact to produce behaviour D)how the environment and genetic factors can interact to produce behaviour

Multiple Choice

Q 70

An adoption study examined the heritability of criminal behaviour in boys adopted at a young age. The level of boys' criminality was greatest when _______. A)both biological and adoptive fathers had criminal records B)neither biological nor adoptive fathers had criminal records C)only biological fathers had criminal records D)only adoptive fathers had criminal records

Multiple Choice

Q 71

Although genetic factors are considerably important, they appear to account for about a certain percentage of the IQ variation within a group. This percentage ranges from _________________. A)80 to 90 B)50 to 70 C)30 to 50 D)20 to 30

Multiple Choice

Q 72

If intelligence was completely determined by genetics, then which set of correlations would be the same? A)Between identical twins vs.between fraternal twins B)Between identical twins vs.between any two siblings C)Between fraternal twins vs.between any siblings D)Between a parent and a child vs.between identical twins

Multiple Choice

Q 73

In general, which statement below best summarizes the outcome of the role of heredity and environment as they affect intelligence A)heredity, not environment, is most important in determining intelligence B)environment, not heredity, is most important in determining intelligence C)heredity and environment are equally important in determining intelligence D)heredity and environment interact in determining intelligence

Multiple Choice

Q 74

Scott and Shawn are identical twins raised together, whereas Tammy and Tracey are identical twins raised apart. Scott and Shawn are more similar on IQ than are Tammy and Tracey. This finding A)rules out a purely genetic explanation for IQ B)rules out a purely environmental explanation for IQ C)suggests that environment is not important for determining IQ D)suggests that genetics are not important for determining IQ

Multiple Choice

Q 75

Barbara and Brenda are identical twins who were adopted at birth and raised by two different families. Andy and Andrew are identical twins raised together by their biological parents. When the four children entered high school they took an IQ test. Barbara and Andy each had scores of 110, while Brenda's IQ was measured at 120 and Andrew scored 108. These results support which of the following conclusions? A)Intelligence is influenced by the environment only in extreme conditions B)Intelligence is almost entirely shaped by the environment except when rare genetic disorders are involved C)Intelligence is shaped by genetics as well as environmental influences D)Intelligence is entirely determined by genetics

Multiple Choice

Q 76

A genetically determined trait may have an upper and lower limit, and the environment may determine the exact level of the trait that ultimately gets expressed. This is referred to as the concept of ______. A)genetic potential B)reaction range C)concordance D)gene knockout

Multiple Choice

Q 77

Researchers who believe in the concept of a reaction range are most likely to argue that intelligence is A)the product of the interaction between genetics and the environment B)the product of many separate but correlated individual mental abilities C)most strongly determined by genetic factors D)most strongly shaped by environmental factors

Multiple Choice

Q 78

The reaction range principle suggests that genetics sets the upper and lower limits for a trait and _________ indicates where in that range a particular trait will fall. A)concordance B)environment C)phenotype D)genotype

Multiple Choice

Q 79

Though presently there is no quantifiable way to determine the reaction ranges of various intelligence-related traits, research on environmental enrichment programs and adoption studies suggest that the ranges could be A)20 to 30 IQ points B)4 to 6 IQ points C)7 to 10 IQ points D)15 to 20 IQ points

Multiple Choice

Q 80

What do we currently know about the specific sizes of reaction ranges for individuals? A)We do not know if the size differs from one person to the next. B)We do know that the size differs from one person to the next. C)We know that, generally, women have larger reaction ranges than men. D)We know that, generally, men have larger reaction ranges than women.

Multiple Choice

Q 81

According to the notion of a reaction range for intelligence, if Dean has a reaction range that is equivalent to Shannon's and Shannon has experienced a considerably more enriched environment compared to Dean, who would have a higher intelligence score? A)Dean would have a higher intelligence score. B)Shannon would have a higher intelligence score. C)They would have the same intelligence score since the reaction range is the same. D)They would have the same intelligence score since an enriched environment only influences intelligence outside of the reaction range.

Multiple Choice

Q 82

Based on Hans Eysenck's work on genetic components of personality, research has shown that the personality trait neuroticism is related to increased action of the neurotransmitter _______. A)acetylcholine B)dopamine C)norepinephrine D)serotonin

Multiple Choice

Q 83

Twin studies have consistently revealed that the factor that accounts for the least amount of variation in personality trait attributes is A)genetics B)family environment C)school experiences D)social interactions

Multiple Choice

Q 84

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the differences in personality traits in identical twins? A)Genetics B)Family environment C)School experiences D)Social interactions

Multiple Choice

Q 85

According to the Minnesota Twin Study, which of the following factors was least important in determining personality? A)Genetics B)Emotional climate in the home C)Unique individual experiences D)Experiences at school

Multiple Choice

Q 86

In the Minnesota Twin Study, genetics accounted for a percentage of the variation among people in personality trait scores. This percentage range was __________. A)39-58 B)15-20 C)22-31 D)74-95

Multiple Choice

Q 87

Research conducted with twins indicates that genetic factors appear to account for approximately 39 to 58 percent of the variation in personality traits, while unique or individual environments account for about _________. A)12 to 21 percent B)26 to 36 percent C)51 to 61 percent D)36 to 56 percent

Multiple Choice

Q 88

Though the research by Vernon at the University of Western Ontario and Jang at the University of British Columbia showed that attitudes toward things like reading books and participating in organized sports showed the greatest heritability rates, the researchers cautioned that A)it's not likely the case that specific genes cause these attitudes but that certain characteristics make individuals more likely to prefer these activities B)their sample was small and unique in that the participants were raised in a community that had a significant number of opportunities for participation in a wide array of activities C)not all behaviours are directly affected by genes as was the case for the behaviours studied in this study were D)the study has yet to be replicated with other sets of twins in other parts of the world

Multiple Choice

Q 89

The change over time in the frequency with which particular genes occur within an interbreeding population is referred to as A)polygenic transmission B)evolution C)natural selection D)dominant transmission

Multiple Choice

Q 90

Natural selection refers to A)the change over time in the frequency with which particular genes occur within a species B)several genes combining their influence to create a single phenotypic trait C)the in-born tendencies that enable us to adapt to our environment D)characteristics that are likely to increase our chances of survival which are more likely to be preserved in a species

Multiple Choice

Q 91

Genetic variation enables natural selection to work because A)individuals who have a variation that enables them to adapt to the environment are more likely to survive B)individuals who have a neutral variation are more likely to survive C)individuals who inherit a dominant trait are more likely to survive D)individuals who are not able to adapt to their environment are more likely to pass on some form of genetic variation to their offspring

Multiple Choice

Q 92

Domain-specific adaptations refer to adaptations related to A)achieving skills in a particular domain like language learning B)solving particular problems like learning what is safe to eat C)the growth of particular parts of the brain over time D)using logical reasoning to real life problems

Multiple Choice

Q 93

Support for innate evolved mechanisms is illustrated by the finding that A)the specific language children learn depends on the language to which they are exposed B)infants are born with the ability to learn any language C)smiling is recognized as an expression of happiness only in some cultures D)infants develop a preference for certain human faces over time

Multiple Choice

Q 94

If our ancestors' mental abilities increased in parallel with an increase in brain size, why has the size of our brain not continued increasing? A)The human skull is currently as large as the exoskeleton will support. B)Factors other than the brain also determine human capabilities. C)Although humans continue to evolve, language, memory, and attention are fully developed. D)This evolutionary mechanism is still at work; it just evolves more slowly than previously thought.

Multiple Choice

Q 95

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a human behaviour related to innate evolved mechanisms? A)Basic emotions that are universally recognized. B)The ability to acquire any spoken language. C)The responsiveness to pictures of human faces. D)All children eventually learn to read.

Multiple Choice

Q 96

One innate, evolved trait of humans is the preference that newborns have for A)pictures of human faces as compared to animal faces B)pictures of faces as compared to a random pattern of facial features C)pictures of animals as compared to pictures of human faces D)pictures of animals as compared to a random pattern of animals body parts

Multiple Choice

Q 97

Genetic factors are especially important in the development of dyslexia in A)individuals with a high IQ B)males C)individuals with a low IQ D)females

Multiple Choice

Q 98

The genes that are associated with dyslexia have likely caused A)subtle changes in brain development B)sex-linked behaviours C)changes in visual processing D)intellectual impairment

Multiple Choice

Q 99

All EXCEPT which one of the following is involved in reading aloud A)visual processing B)cognition C)auditory processing D)motor ability

Multiple Choice

Q 100

Evidence for heritable components in dyslexia have been found in _______________ studies. A)behaviour genetics B)molecular genetics C)PET studies D)fMRI studies

Multiple Choice

Q 101

The global appearance of the five basic personality traits is due to the fact that these traits increased our chances for survival and reproduction. This belief is postulated by the ___________. A)social learning theory B)social cognitive theory C)evolutionary personality theory D)cognitive-affective personality theory

Multiple Choice

Q 102

Evolutionary personality theorists speculate the personality traits of conscientiousness and agreeableness may have played an important role in A)maintaining relationships B)group survival C)mate selection D)problem solving

Multiple Choice

Q 103

From an evolutionary perspective, attaining positions of dominance and selecting mates may be attributed to the personality traits of ________________ helpful in. A)extraversion and emotional stability B)conscientiousness and agreeableness C)openness and conscientiousness D)agreeableness and openness

Multiple Choice

Q 104

Certain basic personality traits that are found across all cultures may have evolved to helpus achieve which two overriding goals? A)Establishing cooperative relationships and mate selection B)Establishing positions of dominance and reproduction of the species C)Reproduction of the species and physical survival D)Physical survival and social contacts

Multiple Choice

Q 105

It has been noted across cultures that the basis for problem solving is arguably the personality trait ____________. A)agreeableness B)conscientiousness C)extraversion D)openness to experience

Multiple Choice

Q 106

According to parental investment theory, the gender that typically has the greater investment in producing offspring will be A)less selective in mate selection B)more selective in mate selection C)less likely to survive and reproduce D)more likely to survive and reproduce

Multiple Choice

Q 107

Among mammals, if females have high parental investment and male parental investment is low, one theory argues that there should be _______. A)higher mortality rates for females compared to males B)polygynous mating patterns C)fewer males compared to females in any group D)monogamous mating patterns

Multiple Choice

Q 108

Trivers's analysis about monogamous mating system will result in which one of the following parental investment pattern? A)Females investing more than males. B)Males investing more than females. C)Males and females investing equally in parenting. D)Neither females nor males investing in parenting.

Multiple Choice

Q 109

Men are more likely than women to have sex with several different people because historically this made it possible for them to father more children. This belief is postulated by the ___________. A)social structure theory B)maximum offspring theory C)parental investment theory D)social parenting theory

Multiple Choice

Q 110

On a recent trip to Africa, Jennifer took a safari trip and noticed that the males of many animals were much larger than the females. According to Trivers's theory, this is because A)female parental investment is high and male parental investment is low B)female parental investment is low and male parental investment is high C)both male and female parental investment is low D)both male and female parental investment is high

Multiple Choice

Q 111

Parental investment theory states that the males of a species will be larger if their parental investment is low because A)males would undertake more survival responsibilities B)larger size would make males more desirable mating partners for females C)males would be less active in interaction with off-spring D)larger size would give males an advantage for male-male competition

Multiple Choice

Q 112

In which mating system are the females of the species actually larger and more aggressive than the males of the species? A)Monogamous B)Polygynous C)Polyandrous D)Polygamous

Multiple Choice

Q 113

Polygyny will be most common when A)females of a species have high parental investment and male parental investment is low B)females of a species have low parental investment and male parental investment is high C)females of a species have low parental investment and male parental investmentis also low D)females and males of a species both have high parental investment

Multiple Choice

Q 114

Which type of mating system would result if both male and female parental investment is equal? A)Polygynandrous B)Polyandrous C)Polygynous D)Monogamous

Multiple Choice

Q 115

Among female mammals, mating with many males is rare. This is referred to as _____. A)polygynandry B)polyandry C)polygyny D)monogamy

Multiple Choice

Q 116

Which type of mating system is most common in chimpanzees? A)Polygynandry B)Polyandry C)Polygyny D)Monogamy

Multiple Choice

Q 117

Justin has three wives, and several children with each wife. Which type of mating system describes Justin's situation? A)Polygynandry B)Polyandry C)Polygyny D)Monogamy

Multiple Choice

Q 118

Research on the consistency of gender differences in mate preference has determined that A)mate preference patterns that have been observed appear to be specific to individuals B)mate preference patterns are slightly consistent across cultures C)mate preference patterns show considerable variability among cultures D)mate preference patterns are remarkably consistent across cultures

Multiple Choice

Q 119

Which of the following was NOT one of the top three qualities desired in a mate by both men and women? A)Emotional stability B)Physical attractiveness C)Dependability D)Mutual attraction

Multiple Choice

Q 120

Males place greater value on physical attractiveness when choosing a mate whereas females place greater value on _______. A)good health B)age C)ambition D)earning potential

Multiple Choice

Q 121

According to the results of a study by Peggy La Cerra, which of the following men would appear most attractive to a woman? A)A man standing alone B)A man doing housework C)A man playing with a child D)A man who is cooking

Multiple Choice

Q 122

Research on gender and cultural differences in mate preferences has revealed that A)on average, men value physical attractiveness more than women do even in cultures with greater gender equality B)on average, men value a potential mate's earning possibilities as much in cultures with greater gender equality, as in cultures with less gender equality C)cross-cultural differences are stronger overall than gender differences D)gender differences are stronger overall than cross-cultural differences

Multiple Choice

Q 123

All of the following are gender differences with regard to important characteristics for dating partners and spouses EXCEPT A)men and women both rank physical attractiveness as more important than emotional stability B)men tend to prefer younger women, while women prefer older men C)men place a higher value on good health than women do D)women place a higher value on ambitiousness than men do

Multiple Choice

Q 124

Which of the following gender differences in mate preference has been found? A)Women rate mutual attraction as being more important than men do. B)Men rate good health as more important than women do. C)Women typically prefer younger men while men prefer older women. D)Men place greater value on a potential mate's earning potential than women do.

Multiple Choice

Q 125

Which of the following is NOT true of the research on symmetrical faces? A)Men with symmetrical faces have more sexual partners during their lifetime B)Both men and women have a preference for a symmetrical face C)Only men show a preference for a symmetrical face D)Symmetrical male faces are rated as more attractive by women

Multiple Choice

Q 126

Research examining males' ratings of female physical attractiveness has found A)a surprising degree of cross-cultural consistency B)consistency of ratings was related to exposure to Western culture C)there was consistency on ratings of White women but not Asian or Black women D)cultural background strongly influenced ratings

Multiple Choice

Q 127

Buss's study on desired mate characteristics showed that the highest rated characteristic by both men and women, who were from a range of ethnic, religious, and socio-economic groups, was A)good looks B)emotional stability C)mutual attraction and love D)similar religion

Multiple Choice

Q 128

The evolutionary perspective might argue that men prefer characteristics in women like clear smooth skin, physical health, and high energy level because they are associated with future reproductive potential and ________. A)health B)access to resources C)fitness D)strength

Multiple Choice

Q 129

Research has shown that across cultures, with respect to ratings of attractiveness in women, men show ____. A)very high consistency B)moderate consistency C)moderately low consistency D)no consistency at all

Multiple Choice

Q 130

Across cultures, with respect to gender differences in mate preferences there is ______. A)very high consistency B)moderate consistency C)moderately low consistency D)no consistency at all

Multiple Choice

Q 131

Evolutionary theorists argue that women prefer older men because they are more likely to have A)confidence B)social status C)physical strength D)social skills

Multiple Choice

Q 132

A situation in which one individual helps another and in doing so also gains some advantage for themselves is known as A)cooperation B)altruism C)reciprocity D)kin selection

Multiple Choice

Q 133

The difference between altruism and cooperation is that in altruism A)the helping individual gains some advantage itself B)the helping individual puts itself at risk for survival C)the helping individual is adapting to its environment D)the helping individual helps in a greater way than if it cooperates with another

Multiple Choice

Q 134

Individuals who put themselves at risk for survival when helping others are displaying ______. A)reciprocity B)cooperation C)altruism D)self-fulfilling prophecy

Multiple Choice

Q 135

When working on a group project, Trisha helps to gain the information needed to complete the project and the group receives an A + on the project. Trisha's behaviour is an example of A)self-fulfilling prophecy B)reciprocal altruism C)cooperation D)adaptation

Multiple Choice

Q 136

When working on a group project, Trisha helped one group member complete his part of the project but in the process did not do as well as she could have on her own. In this example, Trisha's behaviour is an example of A)self-fulfilling prophecy B)altruism C)cooperation D)adaptation

Multiple Choice

Q 137

According to the ______, organisms are most likely to help those who are offspring and genetic relatives. A)empathy-altruism hypothesis B)theory of reciprocal altruism C)kin selection theory D)natural selection principle

Multiple Choice

Q 138

The kin selection theory is most relevant to which of the following? A)Altruism B)Obedience C)Adaptation D)Cooperation

Multiple Choice

Q 139

The theory that states that we are most likely to help others with whom we share the most genes is known as A)the norm of social responsibility theory B)reciprocal altruism theory C)empathy theory D)kin selection theory of altruism

Multiple Choice

Q 140

A mother risks her own life by rushing into a burning house to save her son. According to the kin selection theory, she is most likely performing this altruistic behaviour because _______. A)she feels she should help her son because it is expected of her B)she feels she should contribute to the welfare of society C)it increases the likelihood of receiving help in return D)she has a strong genetic relatedness with her son

Multiple Choice

Q 141

The evolutionary theory of reciprocal altruism states that A)one helps others, because it is assumed that help will be reciprocated at some point in the future B)one helps others because they share a strong genetic relatedness C)one helps others because of a genetic predisposition to be cooperative with other members of the group D)one helps others because there is a benefit they receive for their cooperation

Multiple Choice

Q 142

Kin selection theory has difficulties explaining the following behaviour A)why a woman saves her child from a fire B)why a woman saves a neighbour from a mugger C)why a woman donates blood to her husband D)why a woman takes care of her elderly mother

Multiple Choice

Q 143

Nicole donates food to the local food bank every month for those who are less fortunate. Which theory helps to explain why she does this? A)Kin selection B)Reciprocal altruism C)Bystander effect D)Natural selection

Multiple Choice

Q 144

One of the most common causes of homicide in humans is sexual jealousy. According to an evolutionary perspective, this example best supports which of the following functions of aggression? A)Competition for resources B)Establishment of dominance hierarchies C)Protection of future offspring D)Protection of social position

Multiple Choice

Q 145

Chimpanzees and humans are unique in their tendencies toward aggressive behaviour in that they A)are rarely ever aggressive B)are aggressive only to protect their mates C)form male coalitions to attack others as a group D)use aggression to establish dominance

Multiple Choice

Q 146

Through evolution, larger, more complex brains and more sophisticated mental functions affected competition because of animals' ability to A)weigh the cost-benefit of aggression B)recognize and remember past encounters C)spot potential weaknesses in competitors D)determine the best time to exert aggressive energy

Multiple Choice

Q 147

Among humans, one of the most common causes of homicide is A)dormant aggression B)mental illness C)emotional volatility D)sexual jealousy

Multiple Choice

Q 148

In primates, the dominant male in a social group is typically large and experienced. Dominance is also due to his ability to _______. A)remember which members of the group must be controlled B)establish relationships with other males C)establish relationships with males and females alike D)use his size to increase reproductive potential

Multiple Choice

Q 149

While it appears that species like chimpanzees and humans have evolved mechanisms that support aggressive responses, displays of aggression rely on A)particular dominant genes for aggressive actions B)continued reinforcement for aggressive actions C)contextual cues that elicit aggressive actions D)a combination of genetics and reinforcement for aggressive behaviours

Multiple Choice

Q 150

Dominance hierarchies present in social animals lead to A)increased levels of aggression in the group as members fight to gain or reclaim status B)decreased levels of aggression as there is no need for aggression except for when the leader dies C)increased levels of aggression as members fight to obtain better resources D)decreased levels of aggression except for when a new member joins or a member challenges another for a better position

Multiple Choice

Q 151

Dominance hierarchies are the result of A)animals fighting for resources B)group members remembering previous encounters C)physical size D)protecting one's territory

Multiple Choice

Q 152

Research finds which factors contribute to individual differences in political interest? A)Predominantly familial and unique environmental factors, though genetics plays a small role B)Predominantly genetic and familial factors, though unique environmental factors play a small role C)Genetic and environmental factors D)Familial, genetic, and unique environmental factors play equal roles

Multiple Choice

Q 153

According to researchers, what influence does genetics play in the development of political attitudes, such interest in politics or political orientation (e.g., Liberal vs. Conservative)? A)Interest in politics and political orientation is influenced by both family environment as well as genetics. B)Unlike the study of intelligence and personality, genetics plays very little role in the development of political attitudes. C)Genetics plays a significant role in political interest whereas family environment influences political orientation. D)Both interest in politics and political orientation are influence by genetics whereas family environment does not always play a role.

Multiple Choice

Q 154

Genetic determinism refers to the idea that A)our genes set an upper and lower limit on the range of possible outcomes for a particular trait B)genes have invariant and unavoidable outcomes that cannot be changed C)individuals with a trait that enables them to adapt to their environment are more likely to survive D)people are more likely to help those who share genetic material

Multiple Choice

Q 155

Dr. Ziddy has found the gene responsible for poor reading skills in children. As a result of finding this gene, Dr. Ziddy campaigns all government agencies to discontinue all reading programs in the schools. Dr. Ziddy probably holds the view of A)natural selection B)social Darwinism C)range of reaction D)genetic determinism

Multiple Choice

Q 156

Genetic determinism is not a useful view to hold because A)it implies that some people are better than others B)if we were to believe a certain outcome is inevitable, we do nothing to try to change it C)there is no point to fighting something that is natural D)if we believe a certain outcome is not fixed, we try to change it

Multiple Choice

Q 157

What does it mean to say that the environment influences the expression of genetically based differences? A)That genetic makeup is not as important as environmental influences. B)That genetic makeup affects the environments we encounter. C)That genetic makeup cannot be understood entirely without considering the environment. D)That genetic makeup can be considered without considering the environment.

Multiple Choice

Q 158

Which of the following beliefs advocates that the genes of some individuals are better than the genes of other individuals? A)Social Darwinism B)Natural selection C)Evolution D)Reciprocal altruism

Multiple Choice

Q 159

The expression "survival of the fittest" was coined by A)Darwin, to sum up the essential point of his theory about the fittest members of a society B)Darwin, to explain how his theory about the fittest members of a society might be applied for practical purposes C)Spencer, to reflect the notion that the fittest members of a society should suppress the less fit D)Spencer, in an effort to discredit the essential notions of Darwin's theory

Multiple Choice

Q 160

Which of the following situations cannot be explained by evolutionary theory? A)Aggression in humans developed as a means to protect resources. B)Males prefer females who look youthful as this reflects reproductive potential. C)Helping a friend increases the likelihood that your friend will help you in the future. D)Infanticide occurs in nature to increase the potential for strong offspring.

Multiple Choice

Q 161

The _____________ is the genetic "blueprint", whereas the __________ is the expression of the genes. A)phenotype; genotype B)phenotype; chromosome C)chromosome; allele D)genotype; allele E)genotype; phenotype

Multiple Choice

Q 162

The procedure where scientists use enzymes to cut strands of DNA and then insert the pieces of DNA into other organisms is known as the A)gene knockout procedure. B)recombinant DNA procedure. C)polygenic transmission procedure. D)genome sequencing procedure. E)behaviour genetics technique.

Multiple Choice

Q 163

Dr. Phelps is a genetic engineer. Her research involves cutting strands of DNA for one organism and inserting them into another organism. Her lab is using a A)gene knockout procedure B)recombinant DNA procedure C)polygenic transmission procedure D)genome sequencing procedure E)behaviour genetics technique

Multiple Choice

Q 164

Dr. Phelps is a genetic engineer. Her research involves altering a specific gene so that it cannot carry out its usual function. Her lab is using a A)gene knockout procedure B)recombinant DNA procedure C)polygenic transmission procedure D)genome sequencing procedure E)behaviour genetics technique

Multiple Choice

Q 165

The heritability coefficient is used to estimate A)the probability that a person will share a given gene with his or her parents B)the probability that a person will share a given gene with a sibling C)the extent to which variation in a group of people can be accounted for by environmental factors D)the extent to which variation in a group of people can be accounted for by genetic factors E)none of these; the heritability coefficient does not tell us anything about contributions to a trait/characteristic

Multiple Choice

Q 166

An adoption study examining the heritability of criminal behaviour found that people whose biological parents and adoptive parents both had criminal records were most likely to be criminals themselves. This study demonstrates A)the influence of genetic factors on criminal behaviour B)how the environment and genetic factors can interact to produce behaviour C)the influence of environmental factors on criminal behaviour D)how genotype and phenotype can interact to produce behaviour E)that adopted children are more similar to their adoptive parents than to their biological parents

Multiple Choice

Q 167

Genetic counselling offers which of the following? A)Information regarding individual susceptibility to some diseases B)Support to families facing illnesses C)Assistance to families with interpreting and understanding the results of genetic testing D)Advice when planning a pregnancy E)All of these answers are correct

Multiple Choice

Q 168

____________ explains that genetics defines the upper and lower limits for a trait (such as height), but that environment contributes where within that range the trait falls (taller or shorter). A)Reaction range B)Genetic determinism C)Kin selection D)Polygenic range E)Biologically based range

Multiple Choice

Q 169

The concept of ____________ states that genes have a predetermined, invariant, and unavoidable effect on traits and behaviour. A)empiricism B)genetic determinism C)social Darwinism D)behaviour genetics E)adaptation

Multiple Choice

Q 170

Many researchers are interested to know whether intelligence is determined mainly by biological factors or mainly by environmental factors. Studies comparing the IQ of identical vs. fraternal twins consistently show a much higher concordance for the identical twins. Which of the following confounding variables might lead us to overestimate the extent to which intelligence might be attributed to genetic heritability in such studies? A)The identical twins share more biological information. B)The identical twins were raised in the same environment. C)The fraternal twins still share a large amount of biological information. D)The fraternal twins were separated at birth. E)Intelligence cannot be accurately measured.

Multiple Choice

Q 171

Consider the research on gender preferences for the ideal mate from the large study (Buss), where 50 scientists administered questionnaires to women and men from 37 cultures around the world. The results of this study found that A)males rated physical attractiveness as more important than did females B)females were not concerned with a male's earning potential C)women preferred younger men D)age was not a factor for either sex E)physical attractiveness was not a factor for either sex

Multiple Choice

Q 172

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A)If a gene is recessive, the trait will be present even if only one of the parents has the gene. B)Monozygotic twins are more similar than dizygotic twins. C)Phenotype is the observable expression of genotype. D)The DNA portion of the chromosome carries the hereditary blueprint in units called genes. E)One chromosome of every pair originates from each biological parent.

Multiple Choice

Q 173

Which of the following helps mammals to avoid the constant aggression associated with territorial defense and competition for mates? A)Reciprocal altruism B)Dominance hierarchies C)Emotional stability D)Scarce resources E)Polyandry

Multiple Choice

Q 174

As presented in the textbook, in one of the most influential papers on modern evolutionary theory, Robert Trivers (1972) used sex differences in parental investment to explain different mating systems. Trivers argued that polygyny should be the most common mating arrangement if A)female parental investment is high B)male parental investment is low C)female parental investment is low D)both male and female parental investment is high E)female parental investment is high and male parental investment is low

Multiple Choice

Q 175

A mother risks her own life by rushing into a burning house to save her son. According to the theory of kin selection, she is most likely performing this altruistic behaviour because A)she feels she should help her son because it is expected of her B)she feels she should contribute to the welfare of the society C)protection of her offspring is an essential element of the loving bond between mother and child D)she has a strong genetic relatedness with her son E)she expects that her son will repay her in the future

Multiple Choice

Q 176

According to "evolutionary personality" theorists (such as David Buss), there are a limited number of personality traits that are universal in all cultures. Further, such theorists argued that these universal traits evolved because A)they have contributed to the physical survival of humans B)they have contributed to the reproductive success of the species C)over time through the process of natural selection, they have become part of human nature D)they are typically learned at a very young age E)they have contributed to the physical survival of humans and they have contributed to the reproductive success of the species

Multiple Choice

Q 177

Any phenotypic expression that is the result of a number of gene pairs is produced by A)dominant expression B)recessive expression C)polygenic transmission D)genome sequencing E)chromosomal knockout

Multiple Choice

Q 178

Let's say that we measure the height of every student in your class and conclude that the heritability coefficient is + .75. This means that A)height is genetically determined B)about 75% of height variation in the class is due to genetic factors C)about 75% of height variation in the class is due to environmental factors D)height in the general population is about 75% genetic E)we made an error-heritability cannot exceed + 0.50

Multiple Choice

Q 179

Let's say that we measure the height of every student in your class and conclude that the heritability coefficient is + .75. This means that A)height is genetically determined B)about 25% of height variation in the class is due to genetic factors C)about 75% of height variation in the class is due to environmental factors D)about 25% of height variation in the class is due to environmental factors E)we made an error-heritability cannot exceed + 0.50

Multiple Choice

Q 180

As a genetic researcher, you measure the similarity of a variety of characteristics among family members who have various degrees of genetic relationship. You are measuring A)concordance B)reaction ranges C)polygenic transmission D)domain-specific adaptations E)kin selection

Multiple Choice

Q 181

Dr. Jonas is a genetic researcher. She looks at the similarity in personality variables for fraternal versus identical twins. When she reports that identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins, she is really giving you information about A)concordance B)reaction ranges C)genetic transmission D)domain-specific adaptations E)kin selection

Multiple Choice

Q 182

You are observing a particular species and note that a group of males have formed a coalition and are attacking another member of the species. What species are you observing? A)Humans B)Chimpanzees C)Any group of mammals D)Any group with high parental investment E)Could be either humans or chimps

Multiple Choice

Q 183

You are observing a particular species of chimpanzee and note that a group of males have formed a coalition and are attacking another member of the group. You have only ever observed this behaviour in one other species. Which of the following would that be? A)Whales B)Gorillas C)Big horn sheep D)Humans E)Ground squirrel

Multiple Choice

Q 184

The concept of ____________ states that if something is genetically based, it is right and good. A)empiricism B)genetic determinism C)social Darwinism D)behaviour genetics E)adaptation

Multiple Choice

Q 185

Dr. Galton holds strong beliefs about the genetic basis of intelligence. He believes that intelligence is almost completely determined by genes and therefore, we should not waste public money trying tom train those individuals who are less intelligent. To him, this seems proper and good. Dr. Galton's position is an example of A)empiricism B)genetic determinism C)social Darwinism D)behaviour genetics E)adaptation

Multiple Choice

Q 186

A mother risks her own life by rushing into a burning house to save her son. How can we explain this behaviour from a behavioural genetic viewpoint? A)She feels she should help her son because it is expected of her B)She feels she should contribute to the welfare of the society C)Protection of her offspring is an essential element of the loving bond between mother and child D)Kin selection E)Reciprocal altruism

Multiple Choice

Q 187

A change in gene frequency is typically the result of evolution. However, it could simply be due to A)evolutionary creation B)mutations C)domain specific adaptation D)natural selection E)social Darwinism

Multiple Choice

Q 188

Let's assume that there was an evolutionary change in eating favouring the selection of healthy food. If so, this would be the result of A)natural selection B)mutations C)a domain specific adaptation D)a founder effect E)a kin reaction

Multiple Choice

Q 189

As presented in the textbook, in one of the most influential papers on modern evolutionary theory, Robert Trivers (1972) used sex differences in parental investment to explain different mating systems. Trivers argued that monogamy should be the most common mating arrangement if A)female parental investment is high B)male parental investment is low C)female parental investment is low D)both male and female parental investment is high E)both male and female parental investment is low

Multiple Choice

Q 190

You are observing a new species from the Amazon rain forest. It would appear that the females spend more time looking after the offspring than the males. According to Trivers' theory regarding mating systems, you should expect that A)the females will be much more discriminating when choosing a mate B)the males will be much more discriminating in choosing a mate C)the females will have more mates than the males D)the females will be larger than the males E)there would be an overall low level of parental investment

Multiple Choice

Q 191

You are observing a new species from the Amazon rain forest. It would appear that the females spend more time looking after the offspring than the males. According to Trivers' theory regarding mating systems, the females are higher in A)dominance B)parental investment C)kin selection D)altruism E)dual choice

Multiple Choice

Q 192

You are observing a new species from the Amazon rain forest. It would appear that the females spend more time looking after the offspring than the males. According to Trivers' theory regarding mating systems, the likely mating system is A)monogamy B)polygynandry C)polyandry D)polygyny E)random

Multiple Choice

Q 193

You are observing a new species from the Amazon rain forest. It would appear that the females and males spend about the same amount of time looking after the offspring. According to Trivers' theory regarding mating systems, the likely mating system is A)monogamy B)polygynandry C)polyandry D)polygyny E)random

Multiple Choice

Q 194

You are observing a new species from the Amazon rain forest. It would appear that the mating system is polygyny. According to Trivers' theory regarding mating systems, you would predict that A)the females will be much more discriminating when choosing a mate B)the males will be much more discriminating in choosing a mate C)the females will have more mates than the males D)the females will be larger than the males E)there would be an overall low level of parental investment

Multiple Choice

Q 195

You are observing a new species from the Amazon rain forest. It would appear that the mating system is polygyny. According to Trivers' theory regarding mating systems, what would lead you to this conclusion? A)The females are much larger than the males. B)The males are much larger than the females. C)The females have more mates than the males. D)The males show more parental investment. E)The males are much more discriminating in choosing a mate.

Multiple Choice

Q 196

You are observing a new species from the Amazon rain forest. It would appear that the mating system is polygynandry. According to Trivers' theory regarding mating systems, what would lead you to this conclusion? A)The males are much more discriminating in choosing a mate. B)The females are much more discriminating in choosing a mate. C)The males are much larger than the females. D)The females are much larger than the males. E)There is lot of promiscuity in mating.

Multiple Choice

Q 197

According to Trivers' theory regarding mating systems, only one of the systems predicts that the females will be larger and stronger than the males. Which one? A)Monogamy B)Polygynandry C)Polyandry D)Polygyny E)Random

Multiple Choice

Q 198

Let's say you are studying twins and observe that a particular characteristic occurs very often in both sets of monozygotic twins. We would say that this characteristic has A)high reaction range B)high concordance C)low heritability D)low selection pressure E)high collaboration

Multiple Choice

Q 199

While a large number of human characteristics are under genetic, that influence is not perfect. Genes really determine the ______ for any characteristic. A)reaction range B)heritability C)selection pressure D)investment E)dominance

Multiple Choice

Q 200

Let's say you are studying twins and observe that a particular characteristic does not occur very often in both sets of monozygotic twins. We would say that this characteristic has A)high reaction range B)high concordance C)low heritability D)low concordance E)low selection pressure

Multiple Choice

Q 201

The ideal way to look at genetic contributions to personality traits would be to examine A)brothers and sisters B)parents and their children C)reaction ranges D)identical and fraternal twins E)dominance hierarchies

Multiple Choice

Q 202

Tony Vernon and his colleagues have reported that there seems to be a genetic basis for attitudes about riding on roller coasters. Most likely, this is due to A)a roller coaster gene B)domain specific adaptation C)genes controlling development of the vestibular system and the inner ear D)genes controlling the development of intelligence E)a selection for the Big Five characteristics

Multiple Choice

Q 203

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A)Genetic factors can contribute to political attitudes. B)Reciprocal altruism can explain some types of helping behaviour. C)Competition for a mate is an important source of intraspecies aggression. D)Women tend to prefer younger men as potential mates. E)Men tend to place more weight on physical attractiveness than women.

Multiple Choice

Q 204

With respect to brain regions related to dyslexia, the research described in the text points to less activation in the A)left temporal lobe B)left frontal lobe C)right temporal lobe D)left pre-frontal cortex E)motor cortex

Multiple Choice

Q 205

Janvier has blue eyes. His father has brown eyes, but his mother has blue eyes. What do we know for sure about these genotypes? A)His father had two dominant alleles for eye colour. B)His father and his mother both contributed a recessive gene to Janvier. C)His mother is dominant for blue eyes. D)Janvier had a 75% chance of getting blue eyes. E)His mother is heterozygous for eye colour-one brown allele and blue allele.

Multiple Choice

Q 206

You are observing a new species of primates, the Bolos. You note that they are a very peaceful species and do not engage in much competition for mates. Most likely, their mating system is A)polyandry B)monogamy C)polygyny D)polygynandry E)random

Multiple Choice

Q 207

You are measuring the trait of friendliness in a set of 100 monozygotic twins. You notice that for almost all of the twins, when one is high on this measure, the other twin is also high. We would say that the trait of friendliness has A)high concordance B)low reaction range C)high selection pressure D)low heritability E)high genetic flow

Multiple Choice

Q 208

You are measuring the trait of friendliness in a set of 100 fraternal twins. You notice that for almost all of the twins, when one is high on this measure, the other twin may be high or low. We would say that the trait of friendliness has A)high concordance B)low concordance C)high selection pressure D)low selection pressure E)high heritability

Multiple Choice

Q 209

You meet someone at a party and notice that they have blonde hair. What do we know for sure about this person's hair? A)The blonde hair is part of a polygenetic genotype. B)The blonde hair is definitely the result of 2 dominant genes. C)Blonde is part of their phenotype. D)Blonde is part of their genotype. E)The blonde hair is definitely the result of 2 recessive genes.

Multiple Choice

Q 210

A member of the new administration argues that we should just accept the fact that some people are genetically better than others and treat them accordingly. This politician is guilty of A)empiricism B)genetic determinism C)social Darwinism D)behavioural thinking E)adaptation errors

Multiple Choice

Q 211

A member of the new administration argues that we should just accept the fact that all behaviour is due to our genes and that there is nothing we can do about it. This politician is guilty of A)empiricism B)genetic determinism C)social Darwinism D)behavioural thinking E)adaptation errors

Multiple Choice

Q 212

Professor Lee wants to study the effects of one specific gene on behaviour. Which of the following procedures would you recommend that she use? A)Enzymatic recombination B)Allele replacement C)Adoption study D)Polygenetic transfer E)Knockout procedure

Multiple Choice

Q 213

You are examining the heritability of aggression. Which of the following coefficients would indicate that the observed variation was due mostly to genes? A)0.50 B)-1.25 C)0.08 D)0.91 E)1.56

Multiple Choice

Q 214

Dr. Erickson studied a number of monozygotic twins and reports that the heritability of friendliness is -1.35. You do not believe him. Why? A)The actual heritability is +.90. B)He should have studied dizygotic twins. C)He should have studied fraternal twins. D)He should have studied identical twins. E)Heritability cannot drop below -1.0.

Multiple Choice

Q 215

Dr. Erickson studied a number of monozygotic twins and reports that the heritability of friendliness is +1.35. You do not believe him. Why? A)The actual heritability is +.90. B)He should have studied dizygotic twins. C)He should have studied fraternal twins. D)He should have studied identical twins. E)Heritability cannot exceed +1.0.

Multiple Choice

Q 216

You are examining the heritability of aggression. Which of the following coefficients would indicate that the observed variation was due mostly to the environment? A)0.50 B)-1.25 C)0.08 D)0.91 E)1.56

Multiple Choice

Q 217

In the Marmoset, female parental investment is high and male parental investment is low. You would predict that the preferred mating system for the Marmoset is A)polygynandry B)polyandry C)polygyny D)monogamy E)serial polyandry

Multiple Choice

Q 218

In the Marmoset, female parental investment is high and male parental investment is high. You would predict that the preferred mating system for the Marmoset is A)polygynandry B)polyandry C)polygyny D)monogamy E)serial polyandry

Multiple Choice

Q 219

In the Marmoset, the females are considerably more aggressive and larger than the males. You would predict that the preferred mating system for the Marmoset is A)polygynandry B)polyandry C)polygyny D)monogamy E)serial polyandry

Multiple Choice

Q 220

Julie is a 25 year old heterosexual. According to the text, Julie's preference in a mate would be a man who is A)about 28 years old with a symmetrical face B)about 20 years old with blonde hair C)about 45 years old with an annual income of about $35,000 D)about 30 years old and shows no resistance to parasites E)about 19 years old and in university

Multiple Choice

Q 221

From a genetic viewpoint, it seems odd that anyone should give up their life for another person. But if that other person is a family member, it makes sense because of the concept of A)dominant genes B)kin selection C)genetic determinism D)reciprocal altruism E)dominance hierarchy

Multiple Choice

Q 222

Let's imagine that your house was on fire. You only have time to save one of your family members and yourself. According to kin selection theory, which of following people are you more likely to save? A)Your half-brother B)Your half-sister C)Your cousin D)Your identical twin E)Your fraternal twin

Multiple Choice

Q 223

Let's imagine that your house was on fire. You only have time to save one of your family members and yourself. You are most likely save your identical twin. Why? A)Reciprocal altruism B)Kin selection C)Social Darwinism D)Selection pressure E)Dominance

Multiple Choice

Q 224

Let's say that your friend's house was on fire. You are likely to run in a try to save her, even though you are putting your own life in danger. From a genetic viewpoint, you would do this because of A)social Darwinism B)kin selection C)possible reciprocal altruism D)selection pressure E)dominance

Multiple Choice

Q 225

Putting your own life in danger for someone else does not make sense in traditional genetic theory. But if we consider the concept of ______ the larger gene pool benefits from your act of altruism A)social Darwinism B)cooperation C)reciprocal altruism D)selection pressure E)kin selection

Multiple Choice

Q 226

Male animals often fight with one another over mates. One way to prevent this from happening all the time and to reduce serious damage is to A)rely on kin selection B)establish a dominance hierarchy C)use reciprocal behaviours D)separate the males from the females E)establish polygyny

Multiple Choice

Q 227

While genes may determine whether you will be really tall or really short, your actual height is also under environmental influence through the concept of A)concordance B)random selection C)genetic determinism D)reaction range E)dominance

Multiple Choice

Q 228

George has blue eyes. What do we know for sure about George's parents? A)Both parents had only dominant alleles for eye colour. B)One parent had dominant alleles for eye colour and the other had both dominant and recessive. C)Each must have carried a recessive gene for blue eyes. D)Both parents had green eyes. E)We cannot really predict the genotype for George's parents.

Multiple Choice

Q 229

George has blue eyes, but both his parents have brown eyes. How can this be? A)His parents only carried recessive genes for eye colour. B)His parents only carried dominant genes for eye colour. C)Each must have carried a recessive gene for blue eyes. D)Blue eyes are highly heritable. E)This actually cannot occur.

Multiple Choice

Q 230

George's parents both have brown eyes. Without knowing the specific genotype of his parents, what is the maximum probability of George having blue eyes? A)25 percent B)zero percent C)100 percent D)50 percent E)75 percent

Multiple Choice

Q 231

George's parents both have brown eyes. His dad's genotype has two dominant alleles for eye colour. His mom's genotype has one dominant and one recessive allele for eye colour. What is the probability of George having blue eyes? A)25 percent B)zero percent C)100 percent D)50 percent E)75 percent

Multiple Choice

Q 232

George's parents both have brown eyes. His dad's genotype has one dominant allele and one recessive allele for eye colour. His mom's genotype has one dominant and one recessive allele for eye colour. What is the probability of George having blue eyes? A)Zero percent B)100 percent C)25 percent D)50 percent E)75 percent

Multiple Choice

Q 233

George's parents bothhave brown eyes. His dad's genotype has one dominant allele and one recessive allele for eye colour. His mom's genotype has one dominant and one recessive allele for eye colour. What is the most likely phenotypic outcome for George's eye colour? A)George will most likely have brown eyes. B)George will most likely have blue eyes. C)George will most likely have a mix of brown and blue coloured eyes. D)George will have either hazel or green eyes. E)Cannot tell from this information.

Multiple Choice

Q 234

In the Kjuni tribe of West Africa, the mating system is polyandry. Which of the following would you predict about the tribe members? A)The males should be larger than the females. B)The females should be larger than the males. C)The males should be more aggressive than the females. D)Parental investment should be about equal for males and females. E)Parental investment is higher for the females.

Multiple Choice

Q 235

You are observing aggression in the field. You notice that the males of a particular species form groups in order to attack other members. Most likely you are observing A)seals B)lions C)big-horned sheep D)bears E)humans

Multiple Choice

Q 236

From a genetic viewpoint, it seems odd that anyone should help another person. But even if that other person is not a family member, altruism makes sense because of the concept of A)dominant genes B)kin selection C)genetic determinism D)reciprocal altruism E)dominance hierarchy

Multiple Choice

Q 237

If you discovered a species where the primary mating pattern was polygynandry, what else would you predict about their behaviour? A)They should be very peaceful. B)They should be very aggressive. C)They should be very altruistic. D)There should be high parental investment for the females. E)There should be high parental investment for the males.

Multiple Choice

Q 238

If you discovered that the heritability coefficient for height was 0.90, this would mean A)that everyone in the group was tall B)that the observed variation was due mostly to genes C)that the observed variation was due mostly to the environment D)there was little variability in the group under observation E)genes were completely responsible for the expression of height

Multiple Choice

Q 239

The heritability coefficient for smoking is around + .50 in a particular group. This means that A)the observed variation in smoking is equally due to both genes and the environment B)the observed variation in smoking is due mostly to genes C)the observed variation in smoking is due mostly to the environment D)smoking is genetically inherited E)there was little variation in smoking within the group

Multiple Choice

Q 240

You are interested in looking at the heritability of a variety of personality traits. The best research method for you to use would be to study A)fraternal twins only who were brought up together B)both identical and fraternal twins who were raised in the same environment C)both identical and fraternal twins who were separated early in life and raised in different environments D)identical twins only who were separated much later in life and raised in different environments E)adopted children who were not twins

Multiple Choice

Q 241

Dr. F is a well-known supporter of social Darwinism. Which of the following statements is he likely to make? A)Intelligence cannot be measured-it is merely a social construction. B)Intelligence is due to dominant traits. C)Intelligence is naturally selected and puts us on top of the animal world. D)Intelligence is completely due to genes and there is nothing we can do about it. E)The fact that people differ in intelligence means that the brightest deserve more from our society.

Multiple Choice

Q 242

Professor Hong is interested in conducting some adoption studies and some twin studies. Most likely, she is in the field of A)parental investment research B)mate selection research C)recombinant DNA research D)behaviour genetics E)social Darwinism research

Multiple Choice

Q 243

As you observe a new species of chimpanzee, you note that they seem to use dominance hierarchies. Thus, we would expect a reduced amount of A)aggression B)altruism C)mate selection D)kin selection E)concordance

Multiple Choice

Q 244

Genes are responsible for the expression of most human traits. However, if we see a particular trait (e.g., hair colour) we cannot be certain that it is due to genes. Why? A)Traits are not inherited. B)Genotype is not equal to phenotype. C)Natural selection always alters the genotype. D)Social Darwinism can come into play. E)Genetic determinism is weak.

Multiple Choice

Q 245

Imagine that a male friend of yours wants some advice on how to be more desirable to women. Which of the following might you suggest? A)Do not let anyone know how much money you make. B)Whenever there is a child present, try to ignore it. C)Try to appear about 5 years younger than the women you are trying to date. D)Show signs of high parental investment. E)Do everything you can to display facial asymmetry.

Multiple Choice

Q 246

If you were working for a drug company and wanted to develop a new drug that would decrease neuroticism, which of the following would you target? A)GABA B)Dopamine C)Serotonin D)Norepinephrine E)Acetylcholine

Multiple Choice

Q 247

Dr. Jennings is interested in studying the heritability of jealousy. So, he conducts a twin study and concludes that the heritability coefficient is + 1.82. What does this mean? A)The variability in jealousy is mostly due to genes. B)The variability in jealousy is mostly due to the environment. C)The variability in jealousy is due to both genes and environment. D)Jealousy is not a polygenetic trait. E)Dr.Jennings made a mistake.

Multiple Choice

Q 248

Dr. Jennings is interested in studying the heritability of jealousy. So he conducts a twin study and concludes that the heritability coefficient is -1.95. What does this mean? A)The variability in jealousy is mostly due to genes. B)The variability in jealousy is mostly due to the environment. C)The variability in jealousy is due to both genes and environment. D)Jealousy is not a polygenetic trait. E)Dr.Jennings made a mistake.

Multiple Choice

Q 249

In order to determine whether a trait is dominant or recessive we need to look at A)chromosomes B)genes C)alleles D)knockout DNA E)the zygote

Multiple Choice

Q 250

Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.

Not Answered