Question 1

One of the problems with lie detector tests is that an innocent person may appear guilty if they become __________ during the procedure.

Accepted Answer

Lie detector tests, also known as polygraph tests, measure physiological responses that can be affected by emotions. An innocent person may appear guilty if they become nervous, doubtful, or fearful during the test, as these emotions can cause changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and other physiological indicators that the test measures.

Question 2

LeDoux's research on the brain mechanisms involved in emotion determined that sensory input from the thalamus is routed independently to both the cortex and the amygdala. This specific neural wiring could account for the fact that

Accepted Answer

LeDoux's research highlights how the dual pathways to the amygdala and cortex allow for both a fast, unconscious emotional response (via the amygdala) and a slower, conscious appraisal (via the cortex) to the same stimuli.

Question 3

The neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine were discussed as playing a role in the emotion of

Accepted Answer

The answer of The neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine were discussed...

Question 4

The effectiveness of the lie detector as a method of assessing deception rests upon the assumption that

Accepted Answer

The effectiveness of lie detectors (polygraphs) is based on the premise that when people lie, they exhibit physiological responses that are beyond their conscious control, such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating. These responses are measured by the lie detector. The other options (A, B, C) are not universally accepted bases for the operation of lie detectors.

Question 5

Many investigators believe that different emotions do not have distinct patterns of arousal. However, research comparing the emotions of anger and fear suggests that at least these two emotions have ____________ patterns of physiological arousal.

Accepted Answer

Research comparing the emotions of anger and fear has found that these emotions have distinct patterns of physiological arousal, indicating that different emotions can indeed have unique physiological signatures.

Question 6

During the fight-or-flight response, the endocrine system secretes hormones that produce effects similar to those produced by the sympathetic nervous system, and these endocrine-generated effects tend __________.

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system secretes hormones like adrenaline and cortisol during the fight-or-flight response, which circulate through the bloodstream and can affect the body for a relatively long time compared to the quick and short-lived responses typically mediated by the sympathetic nervous system's direct neural connections.

Question 7

Researchers suspect that neurotransmitters are involved in the experiencing of positive emotions. These neurotransmitters include

Accepted Answer

Dopamine and endorphins are neurotransmitters that are known to be involved in the experiencing of positive emotions. Dopamine is often associated with the brain's reward system, providing feelings of enjoyment and reinforcement to motivate us to do, or continue doing, certain activities. Endorphins are produced in response to stress and pain, but they also help to elevate mood, creating feelings of happiness or euphoria.

Question 8

Which of the following brain areas was mentioned as playing an important role with regard to emotions?

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is a key brain structure involved in processing emotions, particularly fear and pleasure responses.

Question 9

The fight-or-flight response in both animals and humans is produced in part by the

Accepted Answer

The fight-or-flight response is primarily mediated by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, which prepares the body to respond to perceived threats by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and releasing stored energy.

Question 10

Many years ago in Italy, psychiatrists treated clinical depression with electroshock treatments. They observed that when they applied a shock treatment to a certain areas of the brain, the patients responded with a catastrophic reaction that lasted until the effects of the shock treatment wore off. The area of the brain that received the shock was the

Accepted Answer

The left hemisphere of the brain is associated with language and logical processing, and disturbances in this area can lead to catastrophic reactions, such as severe emotional responses, when affected by treatments like electroshock therapy.

Question 11

The text discusses how the endocrine system and the sympathetic nervous system operate in concert to produce the emotional responses associated with

Accepted Answer

The fight-or-flight response is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival. It is a prime example of how the endocrine system (which releases hormones like adrenaline) and the sympathetic nervous system (which prepares the body for rapid action) work together to produce an emotional and physical response designed for survival.

Question 12

The polygraph test operates by measuring which component of emotion?

Accepted Answer

The polygraph test operates by measuring the physiological component of emotion, such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and skin conductivity, to infer a person's truthfulness.

Question 13

Modern research on emotions has suggested that positive emotions are associated with higher activity in the left hemisphere, while negative emotions are related to higher activity in the __________________.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that positive emotions are often associated with increased activity in the left hemisphere of the brain, while negative emotions are linked to increased activity in the right hemisphere.

Question 14

In adults, there is an increased risk for later developing depressive disorders in individuals who have a higher resting level of EEG activity in the _____________.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a higher resting level of EEG activity in the right hemisphere are at an increased risk for later developing depressive disorders. This is because the right hemisphere is associated with negative emotions and withdrawal behaviors, which are characteristic of depression.

Question 15

The area of the cortex that appears to be heavily involved in the process of emotion regulation is

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is known to play a significant role in the regulation of emotions, decision-making, and social behavior, making it crucial for emotion regulation processes.

Question 16

LeDoux's work on the brain areas involved in emotional processes revealed that there is an independent neural path taking sensory information through the thalamus to a specific connection, which could account for why we are sometimes able to respond behaviourally to environmental stimuli before we have the chance to make a cognitive appraisal of these stimuli. This connection from the thalamus runs to the ____________.

Accepted Answer

LeDoux's research identified a direct pathway from the thalamus to the amygdala, allowing for rapid emotional responses to stimuli before the cortex has processed the information cognitively. This explains how we can react to certain stimuli almost instantaneously, without conscious thought.

Question 17

Dopamine is thought to be associated with positive emotions, while serotonin and norepinephrine are thought to be specifically involved with _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dopamine is thought to be associated with...

Question 18

Participants in a study by J. S. Morris et al. were presented with subliminal pictures of faces, some of which had been previously paired with an aversive noise. Results from the study revealed that

Accepted Answer

The amygdala, a brain region involved in emotional processing, responded to the aversively conditioned stimuli without the participants' conscious awareness, indicating that the brain can process emotional responses to stimuli that are not consciously perceived.

Question 19

The lie detector test makes use of which of the following measures?

Accepted Answer

A polygraph, commonly known as a lie detector test, measures and records several physiological indices such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity while the subject is asked and answers a series of questions. The belief underpinning the use of the polygraph is that deceptive answers will produce physiological responses that can be differentiated from those associated with non-deceptive answers.

Question 20

If a stroke causes damage to a person's right hemisphere, it is most likely that the future emotional experiences of this person will be characterized by

Accepted Answer

Damage to the right hemisphere of the brain can lead to a condition known as "affective indifference," where individuals may exhibit a lack of concern about their condition or may even experience inappropriate happiness (euphoria), rather than the sadness or depression more commonly associated with left hemisphere damage.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion