Question 1

A 3-month-old female presents with intention tremors, dystonia, greenish-yellow rings in the cornea, and hepatomegaly. Tests reveal a defect on chromosome 13. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described, including intention tremors, dystonia, greenish-yellow rings in the cornea (Kayser-Fleischer rings), and hepatomegaly, along with a defect on chromosome 13, are characteristic of Wilson's disease. Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder that leads to copper accumulation in the body, affecting the liver and brain.

Question 2

The nurse assessing the patient with biliary atresia would expect to find which primary clinical manifestation?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice is a primary clinical manifestation of biliary atresia due to the blocked bile ducts leading to a buildup of bilirubin in the blood. Anemia may be present as a secondary complication, but it is not a primary manifestation. Hypobilirubinemia, the opposite of jaundice, would not be expected in this condition. Ascites may also be present as a secondary complication, but it is not a primary manifestation.

Question 3

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice, clay-coloured stool, and an enlarged liver. Testing reveals the absence of intrahepatic bile ducts. This condition is referred to as _____ atresia.

Accepted Answer

The condition described is biliary atresia, characterized by the absence or closure of bile ducts, leading to jaundice, pale stools, and liver enlargement.

Question 4

Why is early identification and treatment for metabolic disorders important?

Accepted Answer

Early identification and treatment of metabolic disorders can prevent permanent damage to vital organs, as these disorders can lead to serious complications if not managed promptly.

Question 5

Which of the following are complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are complications of...

Question 6

Outbreaks of hepatitis _____ often occur in young children attending daycare centres and can be attributed to poor handwashing.

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A is commonly spread through the fecal-oral route, often due to poor hygiene practices such as inadequate handwashing, making it more prevalent in settings like daycare centers.

Question 7

A newborn is diagnosed with biliary atresia. What is the long-term treatment for this disorder?

Accepted Answer

The long-term treatment for biliary atresia is a liver transplant. This disorder affects the liver's ability to drain bile, leading to scarring and eventually liver failure if left untreated. Dietary modifications and immunoglobulins may provide temporary relief, but a liver transplant is the only cure for this disorder. Bone marrow transplant is not a treatment for biliary atresia.

Question 8

Where does the nurse expect the obstruction to be in a patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Extrahepatic portal hypertension refers to a blockage or obstruction in the hepatic portal vein outside of the liver, such as in the splenic vein or superior mesenteric vein. This obstruction leads to increased pressure in the portal vein, causing blood to back up into other veins and organs, such as the spleen and esophagus. Obstructions in the sinusoids, bile ducts, or hepatic artery would not typically result in extrahepatic portal hypertension.

Quiz 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children