Quiz 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

A patient asks the nurse where nociceptors can be found. How should the nurse respond? A) Nociceptors can be found in the skin. B) Nociceptors are only found in the spinal cord. C) They are a part of the efferent pathways. D) They are a part of the hypothalamus.

A nurse is discussing an individual's conditioned or learned approach or avoidance behaviour in response to pain. Which system is the nurse describing? A) Sensory-discriminative system B) Affective-motivational system C) Sensory-motivational system D) Cognitive-evaluative system

When a neurologist explains how pricking a finger with a needle provides minimal pain, while cutting the finger with a knife provides more severe pain, what theory is being described? A) Gate control theory B) Neuromatrix theory C) Specificity theory D) Neuromodulation

A patient scrapes both knees while playing soccer and reports sharp and well-localized pain. Which of the following should the nurse document to most accurately characterize the pain? A) Chronic pain B) Referred pain C) Somatic pain D) Visceral pain

A nurse should document on the chart that persistent pain is occurring when the patient reports the pain has lasted longer than: A) 1 month. B) 3 to 6 months. C) 1 year. D) 2 to 3 years.

Several years after an amputation the patient continues to sporadically feel pain in the absent hand. What type of pain should the nurse document in the chart? A) Neuropathic pain B) Visceral pain C) Phantom limb pain D) Chronic pain

When planning care for a child in pain, which principle should the nurse remember? The pain threshold in children is _____ that of adults. A) higher than B) the same or lower than C) faster reacting than D) not related to

Where does the regulation of body temperature primarily occur? A) Cerebrum B) Brainstem C) Hypothalamus D) Pituitary gland

When the nurse is discussing the patient's cyclical temperature fluctuation occurring on a daily basis, what term should the nurse use? A) Thermogenesis cycle B) Thermoconductive phases C) Adaptive pattern D) Circadian rhythm

A nurse wants to teach about one of the primary organs responsible for heat production. Which organ should the nurse include? A) Pancreas B) Liver C) Adrenal medulla D) Heart

How does heat loss by convection occur in the body? A) Evaporation of electromagnetic waves. B) Heat at the body surface is exchanged with surrounding cooler air. C) Dilation of blood vessels bringing blood to skin surfaces. D) Direct heat loss from molecule-to-molecule transfer.

For evaporation to function effectively as a means of dissipating excess body heat, which one of the following conditions must be present? A) Moisture B) Fever C) Pyrogens D) Trauma

A patient received a prescription for a weight loss pill. One effect of the pills is to increase the release of epinephrine. Which of the following would be expected to also occur? A) Decreased vascular tone B) Increased skeletal muscle tone C) Increased heat production D) Decreased basal metabolic rate

When a patient has a fever, which of the following thermoregulatory mechanisms is activated? A) The body's thermostat is adjusted to a lower temperature. B) Temperature is raised above the set point. C) Bacteria directly stimulate peripheral thermogenesis. D) The body's thermostat is reset to a higher level.

Which of the following is an exogenous pyrogen? A) Interleukin B) Endotoxin released by pathogens C) Prostaglandin D) Corticotropin-releasing factor

Hikers are attempting to cross the Arizona desert with a small supply of water. The temperatures cause them to sweat profusely, and become weak and confused. What are the hikers experiencing? A) Heat cramping B) Heat exhaustion C) Heat stroke D) Malignant hyperthermia

What might be a result of prolonged exposure to a cold environment? A) Increased respirations B) Ischemic tissue damage C) CNS excitation D) Increased cellular metabolism

Which of the following is a complication from heat stroke? A) Mild elevation of core body temperatures B) Cerebral edema and degeneration of the CNS C) Spasmodic cramping in the abdomen and extremities D) Alterations in calcium uptake

Which condition would be treated with therapeutic hypothermia? A) Malnutrition B) Hypothyroidism C) Ventricular fibrillation D) Parkinson's disease

A patient is undergoing a sleep laboratory test. When the sleep laboratory worker notices EEG patterns with brain activity similar to the normal awake pattern, which phase of sleep is occurring? A) Nonrapid eye movement (REM) B) Fast wave C) REM D) Delta wave

Most memorable dreams occur during which sleep phase? A) Non-REM B) Alpha wave C) REM D) Delta wave

During the sleep cycle, when does loss of temperature control occur? A) Non-REM sleep B) Light sleep C) REM sleep D) Delta wave sleep

A 52-year-old male enters a sleep study to gather information about his sleep disturbances. He reports that his wife will not let him sleep in the bed with her until he stops snoring so loudly. He also reports feeling tired a lot through the day. When the nurse checks the chart, what is the most likely diagnosis? A) Insomnia B) Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) C) Somnambulism D) Jet-lag syndrome

A child suffers from sudden apparent arousals in which she expresses intense fear or other emotions. Her mother reports that she seems to wake screaming, but that she is difficult to waken completely. The child most likely suffers from: A) night terrors. B) parasomnia. C) somnambulism. D) enuresis episodes.

The ophthalmologist is teaching about the structure of the eye that prevents light from scattering in the eye. What structure is the ophthalmologist describing? A) Iris B) Pupil C) Choroid D) Retina

A 50-year-old patient who has diabetes experiences visual disturbances and decides to visit his primary care provider. After examination, the primary care provider tells the patient that the cells that allow him to see are degenerated. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged? A) Lens B) Pupil C) Cornea D) Retina

A young child presents to the ophthalmologist for visual difficulties secondary to eye deviation. One of the child's eyes deviates inward, thereby decreasing the visual field. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely? A) Entropia B) Extropia C) Diplopia D) Nystagmus

A patient has increased intraocular pressure. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart? A) Glaucoma B) Ocular degeneration C) Diplopia D) Nystagmus

A 70-year-old patient presents to the primary care provider reporting loss of vision. A history that includes hypertension and cigarette smoking supports which visual diagnosis? A) Presbyopia B) Macular degeneration C) Strabismus D) Amblyopia

Which group of people is most prone to colour blindness? A) Males B) Females C) Older persons D) Children

A nurse is teaching about the structure that connects the middle ear with the pharynx. Which structure is the nurse describing? A) Organ of Corti B) Eustachian tube C) Semicircular canal D) Auditory canal

What is the most common form of sensorineural hearing loss in older adults? A) Conductive hearing loss B) Acute otitis media C) Presbycusis D) Ménière disease.

A 15-year-old is diagnosed with an outer ear infection. Which of the following is most likely to cause this infection? A) Haemophilus B) Streptococcus pneumonia C) Moraxella catarrhalis D) Pseudomonas

When a patient complains of vertigo, what is the patient experiencing? A) Headache B) Light sensitivity C) A sensation that the room is spinning D) A loss of feeling in the lips

Which system is able to modulate a patient's perception of pain? A) Sensory-discriminative system B) Affective-motivational system C) Cognitive-evaluative system D) Reticular activating system

A patient asks the nurse how often REM sleep occurs. The nurse responds, "About every _____ minutes." A) 15 B) 30 C) 60 D) 90

While planning care for infants, which principles should the nurse remember? Infants have problems with thermoregulation because they: (Select all that apply.) A) cannot conserve heat. B) do not shiver. C) rarely sweat. D) have decreased metabolic rates. E) have excess subcutaneous fat.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is characterized by a fever of ____° C or greater.