Question 1

Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning aldosterone?
A) The secretion of aldosterone results in decreased plasma osmolality.
B) Aldosterone secretion increases serum potassium levels.
C) Aldosterone secretion results in an increased blood volume.
D) The secretion of aldosterone causes localized edema.

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, which leads to water retention and an increase in blood volume.

Question 2

What type of fluid compartment is blood plasma considered to be?
A) Intracellular fluid (ICF)
B) Extracellular fluid (ECF)
C) Interstitial fluid
D) Intravascular fluid

Accepted Answer

Blood plasma is considered to be an intravascular fluid because it is found within the blood vessels.

Question 3

A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected?
A) Symptoms subside quickly
B) Increased ICF volume
C) Decreased ECF volume
D) Intracellular dehydration

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition?
A) Respiratory acidosis
B) Constipation
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Laxative abuse

Accepted Answer

Laxative abuse can lead to hypokalemia, as some laxatives cause increased potassium loss in the feces. This can result in muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Respiratory acidosis, constipation, and hypoglycemia are not typically associated with hypokalemia.

Question 5

Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term potassium deficits?
A) Central nervous system (CNS)
B) Lungs
C) Kidneys
D) Gastrointestinal tract

Accepted Answer

Long-term potassium deficits can lead to renal dysfunction and decrease in urinary potassium excretion, making it important to monitor the kidneys to prevent further complications.

Question 6

A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as:
A) localized edema.
B) generalized edema.
C) pitting edema.
D) lymphedema.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 10-year-old male is brought to the...

Question 7

While planning care for older individuals, the nurse remembers that older adults are at a higher risk for developing dehydration. Why is this so?
A) Older adults have a higher total body water volume.
B) Older individuals have decreased muscle mass.
C) Older adults generally have increased thirst.
D) Older adults have an increased tendency toward developing edema.

Accepted Answer

Older individuals have decreased muscle mass, which contributes to a lower total body water content, increasing the risk of dehydration.

Question 8

A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumour of the adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the laboratory results? A) Decreased blood volume B) Decreased blood K⁺ levels C) Increased urine Na⁺ levels D) Increased white blood cells

Accepted Answer

A hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex often leads to increased production of aldosterone, which causes the kidneys to excrete potassium, leading to decreased blood K⁺ levels.

Question 9

An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?
A) Increased capillary oncotic pressure
B) Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C) Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D) Increased interstitial oncotic pressure

Accepted Answer

The answer of An experiment was designed to test the...

Question 10

A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe?
A) Weak pulse
B) Excessive thirst
C) Oliguria
D) Constipation

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia....

Question 11

A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition?
A) Primary hyperaldosteronism
B) Cellular trauma, like a crush injury
C) Insulin secretion
D) Diuretic use

Accepted Answer

Cellular trauma, like a crush injury, can cause the release of intracellular potassium into the bloodstream, leading to hyperkalemia.

Question 12

Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia?
A) A patient experiencing vomiting
B) A patient taking diuretics
C) A patient with dehydration
D) A patient with hypoaldosteronism

Accepted Answer

A patient with dehydration is most at risk for hypernatremia because the loss of water leads to a higher concentration of sodium in the blood.

Question 13

A 70-year-old male with chronic kidney failure presents with edema. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?
A) Increased capillary oncotic pressure
B) Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure
C) Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D) Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure

Accepted Answer

In chronic kidney failure, fluid retention occurs due to impaired kidney function, leading to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and resulting in edema.

Question 14

What determines water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments?
A) Osmotic forces
B) Plasma oncotic pressure
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Buffer systems

Accepted Answer

Osmotic forces primarily determine water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) compartments, as water moves to balance solute concentrations across cell membranes.

Question 15

When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers that the principle of water balance is closely related to the balance of:
A) potassium.
B) chloride.
C) bicarbonate.
D) sodium.

Accepted Answer

The principle of water balance is closely related to the balance of sodium. Sodium is the most abundant extracellular electrolyte and plays a crucial role in determining fluid balance. The movement of water between the intracellular and extracellular compartments is dependent on the balance of sodium in these compartments. Therefore, in order to manage water balance, it is important to assess and maintain proper sodium balance.

Question 16

Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries?
A) A patient on a high-protein diet
B) A patient with liver failure
C) A patient with low blood pressure
D) A patient with low blood glucose

Accepted Answer

Liver failure can lead to decreased production of albumin, a protein that contributes to oncotic pressure, resulting in decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries.

Question 17

Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?
A) Excess aldosterone
B) Acute acidosis
C) Insulin usage
D) Metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following conditions would cause...

Question 18

A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is considered the total volume of body water?
A) 5 L
B) 10 L
C) 28 L
D) 42 L

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately...

Question 19

A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what these hormones do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of:
A) calcium.
B) sodium.
C) magnesium.
D) potassium.

Accepted Answer

Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of sodium in the body by promoting urinary sodium excretion and inhibiting sodium reabsorption.

Question 20

A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the nurse include?
A) The secretion of ADH is increased serum potassium.
B) ADH secretion results in increased plasma osmolality.
C) There is a decreased renal blood flow when ADH is secreted.
D) ADH secretion results in generalized edema.

Accepted Answer

ADH secretion results in increased plasma osmolality because it causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water, which increases the concentration of solutes in the blood.

Quiz 5: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning aldosterone?

What type of fluid compartment is blood plasma considered to be?

A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected?

A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition?

Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term potassium deficits?

A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as:

While planning care for older individuals, the nurse remembers that older adults are at a higher risk for developing dehydration. Why is this so?

A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumour of the adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the laboratory results?

An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?

A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe?

A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition?

Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia?

A 70-year-old male with chronic kidney failure presents with edema. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?

What determines water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments?

When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers that the principle of water balance is closely related to the balance of:

Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries?

Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?

A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is considered the total volume of body water?

A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what these hormones do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of:

A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) . Which information should the nurse include?