Question 1

Infantile amnesia is to prospective memory as ____________.

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia refers to the inability to recall memories from early childhood, while prospective memory involves remembering to perform actions in the future. Thus, the relationship is between recalling past events and planning for future actions.

Question 2

A police officer asks an eyewitness how fast the car was going when it crashed into the pole. Using the word "crashed" instead of "contacted" will often lead to a different answer, which is consistent with the ____________.

Accepted Answer

The misinformation effect occurs when a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information. In this case, the word "crashed" can influence the eyewitness's memory, leading them to recall the event as more severe than it might have been, which aligns with the misinformation effect.

Question 3

Liza has geography and history tests on Monday. On Sunday, she studies history first and then geography. However, she has difficulty recalling geography information; history information interferes with the recall of geography information. What kind of interference is Liza experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference occurs when older memory makes it more difficult to remember new information. In Liza's case, the information she studied first (history) is interfering with her ability to recall the geography information she studied afterward.

Question 4

An eyewitness from a crime is asked to look through some mug shots to see if he can identify the person who committed the crime. After doing this, he sees a police lineup of suspects and identifies one of the men as the person who committed the crime because he looks very familiar. Unfortunately, the man in the lineup looks familiar not because the eyewitness saw him commit the crime but because he saw his face in the mug shot books a few hours ago. This example demonstrates the phenomenon of ____________.

Accepted Answer

Source confusion occurs when a memory is correctly recalled but its source is incorrectly attributed, as in this case where the eyewitness mistakenly attributes the familiarity of a face from mug shots to having seen the person commit the crime.

Question 5

The amnesia patient H.M. showed a mild memory loss for the events in his life that occurred one to two years before the operation that accidentally caused his memory damage. This type of memory loss is an example of ____________.

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is characterized by the loss of memory for events that occurred before the onset of the amnesia, which matches the description of H.M.'s memory loss for events prior to his surgery.

Question 6

Alzheimer's disease involves a disruption in the functioning of several different neurotransmitter systems; a particularly important one among them is ____________.

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is particularly associated with a disruption in the functioning of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter system, which is crucial for memory and learning.

Question 7

The term "boundary extension" refers to our tendency to remember scenes as being ______________ than they actually are. It is thought that this occurs because of ______________.

Accepted Answer

Boundary extension refers to the phenomenon where individuals remember scenes as being more expansive than they actually were. This occurs due to our mental expectations about how scenes typically appear, leading us to fill in areas beyond the actual boundaries of the viewed scene.

Question 8

Based on memory research, therapists should ____________.

Accepted Answer

Therapists should be very careful to avoid asking misleading questions to their clients because such questions can create false memories or distort real ones, compromising the integrity of the therapeutic process and potentially causing harm to the client.

Question 9

Sir Frederick Bartlett had his participants read a story called "The War of the Ghosts," a rather unique Native American tale from the 18^th century. Participants' recall of the story 20 hours later was _____________ and these results are most likely a result of _____________.

Accepted Answer

Participants' recall was highly inaccurate because they lacked an appropriate schema for understanding and remembering the unfamiliar content of the story, leading them to reconstruct it based on their own cultural expectations and knowledge.

Question 10

A patient had surgery for a brain tumour, and now cannot form new memories for anything since the surgery. This would be an example of _______________ amnesia.

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories following an event or trauma, which matches the description of the patient's condition. Retrograde amnesia, in contrast, involves difficulty recalling memories formed before the event.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is most consistent with current research focusing on the repressed/false memory debate? Research suggests that ____________.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that while repressed memories can indeed be a real phenomenon, there is also a significant risk of creating false memories, especially in contexts where suggestive therapy techniques are employed. This has led to a consensus on the need for caution in handling claims of repressed memories.

Question 12

Sir Frederick Bartlett's experiment showing how people misremembered various elements of a unique Pacific Northwest Indian story is most strongly related to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Sir Frederick Bartlett's experiment is a classic study in the field of memory research, demonstrating how people reconstruct memories based on their own cultural experiences and knowledge, leading to distortions and inaccuracies. This process is known as memory construction, where memories are not simply played back but are actively constructed or reconstructed.

Question 13

A 5-year-old tells you a rather unusual story and you are wondering if it is a lie. Research studies investigating how "experts" evaluate the eyewitness testimony of children suggest that you would have _______________ difficulty telling if the child was lying. This appears to be because young children ________________.

Accepted Answer

Great difficulty telling if the child was lying is due to the fact that young children often believe that the false memories actually happened, making it challenging to discern truth from falsehood.

Question 14

Remembering to go to your dentist appointment would be an example of a(n) ______________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Prospective memory involves remembering to perform a planned action or recall a planned intention at some future point in time. Remembering to go to a dentist appointment is an example of this type of memory.

Question 15

A patient is in their late sixties, and is gradually becoming more forgetful, confused, disoriented, and makes poor judgments. MOST likely, This patient is likely is suffering from __________.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, which is a common form of dementia that affects memory, thinking, and behavior, especially in older adults.

Question 16

Patients with Alzheimer's disease have profound changes to their brains, which include

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques outside neurons and neurofibrillary tangles inside neurons, leading to cell death and brain atrophy. The plaques are clumps of protein fragments called beta-amyloid that build up between nerve cells.

Question 17

When my aged mother sees old pictures, she adds a lot of information that is not "seen" or obvious in the pictures. My mother is displaying a phenomenon known as __________.

Accepted Answer

Boundary extension is a phenomenon where individuals remember seeing more of a scene than was actually shown, filling in details beyond the visual field's edges.

Question 18

Krista is reading a difficult article that is placing great demands on her working memory. Krista is paying extra attention to the meaning of the words in the article. Which part of Krista's brain is active as she is reading this complex article?

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is involved in complex cognitive behaviors, including attention, working memory, and understanding complex texts. When Krista is paying extra attention to the meaning of words in a difficult article, her prefrontal cortex is actively engaged in processing and managing the information.

Question 19

People often distort their memories by using ______________ to organize information in ways that fit in with their expectations and assumptions about the world.

Accepted Answer

Schemas are cognitive structures that help individuals organize and interpret information. They are used to make sense of the world and can lead to distortions in memory when people fit new information into existing schemas, even if it means altering or misremembering details to make them fit.

Question 20

A professor notices that her students write notes from the class lectures either by handwriting in notebooks, or keyboarding on their laptops. Students bring their textbooks to class too. Who can the professor expect to perform better on their tests?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that students who hand-write their notes in longhand tend to perform better on tests. This is because the process of writing by hand promotes deeper processing of the material, leading to better understanding and retention compared to typing notes on a laptop.

Quiz 8: Memory

Infantile amnesia is to prospective memory as ____________.

A police officer asks an eyewitness how fast the car was going when it crashed into the pole. Using the word "crashed" instead of "contacted" will often lead to a different answer, which is consistent with the ____________.

Liza has geography and history tests on Monday. On Sunday, she studies history first and then geography. However, she has difficulty recalling geography information; history information interferes with the recall of geography information. What kind of interference is Liza experiencing?

The amnesia patient H.M. showed a mild memory loss for the events in his life that occurred one to two years before the operation that accidentally caused his memory damage. This type of memory loss is an example of ____________.

Alzheimer's disease involves a disruption in the functioning of several different neurotransmitter systems; a particularly important one among them is ____________.

The term "boundary extension" refers to our tendency to remember scenes as being than they actually are. It is thought that this occurs because of .

Based on memory research, therapists should ____________.

Sir Frederick Bartlett had his participants read a story called "The War of the Ghosts," a rather unique Native American tale from the 18^th century. Participants' recall of the story 20 hours later was _ and these results are most likely a result of _.

A patient had surgery for a brain tumour, and now cannot form new memories for anything since the surgery. This would be an example of _______________ amnesia.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with current research focusing on the repressed/false memory debate? Research suggests that ____________.

Sir Frederick Bartlett's experiment showing how people misremembered various elements of a unique Pacific Northwest Indian story is most strongly related to which of the following?

A 5-year-old tells you a rather unusual story and you are wondering if it is a lie. Research studies investigating how "experts" evaluate the eyewitness testimony of children suggest that you would have _ difficulty telling if the child was lying. This appears to be because young children __.

Remembering to go to your dentist appointment would be an example of a(n) ______________ memory.

A patient is in their late sixties, and is gradually becoming more forgetful, confused, disoriented, and makes poor judgments. MOST likely, This patient is likely is suffering from __________.

Patients with Alzheimer's disease have profound changes to their brains, which include

When my aged mother sees old pictures, she adds a lot of information that is not "seen" or obvious in the pictures. My mother is displaying a phenomenon known as __________.

Krista is reading a difficult article that is placing great demands on her working memory. Krista is paying extra attention to the meaning of the words in the article. Which part of Krista's brain is active as she is reading this complex article?

People often distort their memories by using ______________ to organize information in ways that fit in with their expectations and assumptions about the world.

A professor notices that her students write notes from the class lectures either by handwriting in notebooks, or keyboarding on their laptops. Students bring their textbooks to class too. Who can the professor expect to perform better on their tests?

Quiz 8: Memory

Infantile amnesia is to prospective memory as ____________.

A police officer asks an eyewitness how fast the car was going when it crashed into the pole. Using the word "crashed" instead of "contacted" will often lead to a different answer, which is consistent with the ____________.

Liza has geography and history tests on Monday. On Sunday, she studies history first and then geography. However, she has difficulty recalling geography information; history information interferes with the recall of geography information. What kind of interference is Liza experiencing?

The amnesia patient H.M. showed a mild memory loss for the events in his life that occurred one to two years before the operation that accidentally caused his memory damage. This type of memory loss is an example of ____________.

Alzheimer's disease involves a disruption in the functioning of several different neurotransmitter systems; a particularly important one among them is ____________.

The term "boundary extension" refers to our tendency to remember scenes as being ______________ than they actually are. It is thought that this occurs because of ______________.

Based on memory research, therapists should ____________.

Sir Frederick Bartlett had his participants read a story called "The War of the Ghosts," a rather unique Native American tale from the 18th century. Participants' recall of the story 20 hours later was _____________ and these results are most likely a result of _____________.

A patient had surgery for a brain tumour, and now cannot form new memories for anything since the surgery. This would be an example of _______________ amnesia.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with current research focusing on the repressed/false memory debate? Research suggests that ____________.

Sir Frederick Bartlett's experiment showing how people misremembered various elements of a unique Pacific Northwest Indian story is most strongly related to which of the following?

Remembering to go to your dentist appointment would be an example of a(n) ______________ memory.

A patient is in their late sixties, and is gradually becoming more forgetful, confused, disoriented, and makes poor judgments. MOST likely, This patient is likely is suffering from __________.

Patients with Alzheimer's disease have profound changes to their brains, which include

When my aged mother sees old pictures, she adds a lot of information that is not "seen" or obvious in the pictures. My mother is displaying a phenomenon known as __________.

Krista is reading a difficult article that is placing great demands on her working memory. Krista is paying extra attention to the meaning of the words in the article. Which part of Krista's brain is active as she is reading this complex article?

People often distort their memories by using ______________ to organize information in ways that fit in with their expectations and assumptions about the world.

A professor notices that her students write notes from the class lectures either by handwriting in notebooks, or keyboarding on their laptops. Students bring their textbooks to class too. Who can the professor expect to perform better on their tests?

The term "boundary extension" refers to our tendency to remember scenes as being than they actually are. It is thought that this occurs because of .

Sir Frederick Bartlett had his participants read a story called "The War of the Ghosts," a rather unique Native American tale from the 18^th century. Participants' recall of the story 20 hours later was _ and these results are most likely a result of _.