Question 1

According to the text, biological explanations for gender differences in cognitive abilities have increasingly focused on the developing brain and on current cognitive performance that is impacted by ___________.
A)socialization
B)chromosomes
C)sex cells
D)hormones

Accepted Answer

Biological explanations for gender differences in cognitive abilities often emphasize the role of hormones, which can influence brain development and cognitive performance.

Question 2

Marcella is testing a wiggly 4-year-old on an intelligence test. On one item the child blurts out an answer without obviously trying to think about the best response. Marcella responds by telling the child he is doing a good job on the test so far. She then asks the same question again asking the child to think about it for a moment and highlighting some important aspects of the question. The type of test administration Marcella is using is known as
A)static testing
B)dynamic testing
C)interactive testing
D)standardized testing

Accepted Answer

Dynamic testing involves a test-administrator providing feedback, cues, and interaction to assess how a child learns and responds to guidance, as opposed to static testing where no such interaction occurs. Marcella's approach of providing feedback and encouraging the child to think more deeply about the question is characteristic of dynamic testing.

Question 3

Critics who express concerns that intelligence tests underestimate the mental competence of minority group members are partly concerned that the tests underestimate these individuals' true intellectual ability, a test bias known as
A)predictive bias
B)content bias
C)construct bias
D)outcome bias

Accepted Answer

The answer of Critics who express concerns that intelligence tests...

Question 4

According to statistics, the majority of people with a cognitive disability are classified as
A)profoundly disabled
B)moderately disabled
C)mildly disabled
D)severely disabled

Accepted Answer

The majority of people with a cognitive disability are classified as mildly disabled. This classification indicates that while they may face challenges, they often have the ability to live independently and may only require minimal support in their daily lives.

Question 5

The fact that IQ differences between black and white students have decreased in recent years is generally taken as evidence that this difference was largely be due to ____________ factors.
A)unchangeable genetic
B)culturally fair testing
C)physical
D)changeable environmental

Accepted Answer

The decrease in IQ differences between black and white students over time suggests that these differences are not fixed or solely based on unchangeable factors like genetics. Instead, it points towards changeable environmental factors, such as differences in access to education, socioeconomic status, and other social determinants, as the primary contributors to these disparities. This implies that interventions and changes in the environment can significantly impact IQ scores.

Question 6

Research on gender differences in cognitive skills has revealed that men tend to score slightly higher on tests of certain spatial abilities and mathematical reasoning, while women tend to perform better on tests of ______________.
A)musical and visual-spatial abilities
B)mathematical reasoning and mathematical calculation
C)verbal fluency and mathematical calculation
D)logical-mathematical reasoning

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that women generally perform better on tests of verbal fluency and mathematical calculation compared to men.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding ethnic and racial differences in mean IQ scores is true?
A)The vast majority of Caucasian students have IQ scores that are lower than the average Asian American student.
B)IQ scores predict the academic performance of minority students as well as they predict the performance of Caucasian students.
C)When culturally biased items are removed from the test, minority students have roughly the same IQ score as Caucasian students.
D)Differences between ethnic groups on IQ scores appear to be statistical anomalies and aren't actually valid.

Accepted Answer

IQ scores have been shown to predict academic performance across different racial and ethnic groups, despite ongoing debates about the fairness and cultural biases of these tests. This predictive validity applies to both minority and Caucasian students.

Question 8

If you were on the selection committee for your university's medical school, your best measure of a successful candidate would be to have test results from
A)school grades and an achievement test
B)school grades and an aptitude test
C)school grades only
D)IQ results only
E)aptitude tests and GRE results

Accepted Answer

Aptitude tests, along with school grades, provide a comprehensive measure of a candidate's potential for success in medical school by assessing both their academic performance and their innate ability to succeed in the medical field.

Question 9

Research on IQ differences between African American and Caucasian students indicates that
A)the difference between mean IQ scores has been shrinking during the past 25 years
B)the difference between mean IQ scores has been increasing during the past 25 years
C)the difference between mean IQ scores has remained unchanged during the past 25 years
D)it is impossible to compare changes in IQ score between the two ethnic groups because the IQ tests have changed so much during that time

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the gap in mean IQ scores between African American and Caucasian students has been decreasing over the past 25 years. This trend is attributed to various factors, including improvements in socioeconomic conditions, educational opportunities, and efforts to make IQ tests more culturally fair.

Question 10

Deborah is developing an intelligence test. As part of the process she has outlined precise instructions on how to administer the test. Additionally, she has been testing hundreds of people with the test to determine how people of different ages tend to respond on different items. These aspects of test construction are referred to as
A)establishing norms
B)dynamic testing
C)standardization
D)establishing consistency

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deborah is developing an intelligence test. As...

Question 11

Relatively consistent research findings on sex differences in cognitive abilities indicate that women generally perform better than men do on tests of ideational fluency and men generally perform better than women do on tests of _______________.
A)verbal fluency
B)target-directed motor skills
C)remembering whether an object has been displaced
D)mathematical calculation

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that men generally perform better than women on tests of target-directed motor skills, which involve spatial and motor coordination abilities.

Question 12

In the research by Hampson and Kimura on the relationship between hormone levels and perceptual skills in women, the researchers found that
A)when levels of estrogen and progesterone were high women performed more slowly and with less accuracy than when levels of estrogen and progesterone were low
B)when levels of estrogen and progesterone were high women performed faster and with more accuracy than when levels of estrogen and progesterone were low
C)when levels of estrogen and progesterone were high women performed faster but with less accuracy than when levels of estrogen and progesterone were low
D)there was no relationship found between performance and hormone levels

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the research by Hampson and Kimura...

Question 13

According to the American Psychiatric Association's classification system, an adult with a cognitive disability who may need occasional guidance and support when under unusual social or economic stress would be characterized as having a ______________ cognitive disability.
A)profound
B)mild
C)severe
D)moderate

Accepted Answer

An adult with a cognitive disability who may need occasional guidance and support under unusual stress is characterized as having a mild cognitive disability according to the American Psychiatric Association's classification system.

Question 14

Tia is 10 years old. She has learned to speak and has acquired some basic self help and simple manual skills but has not been able to learn to read and write. Most likely Tia's level of mental retardation would be classified as
A)mild
B)moderate
C)severe
D)profound

Accepted Answer

Tia's ability to speak and acquire basic self-help and simple manual skills, combined with her inability to learn to read and write at the age of 10, suggests a level of intellectual functioning that is better aligned with moderate mental retardation. Individuals with moderate intellectual disability often have noticeable developmental delays, can communicate and learn basic life skills, but struggle significantly with academic skills.

Question 15

Environmental explanations of the differences in cognitive abilities between men and women have typically focused on the role of
A)socialization
B)brain development
C)hormones
D)genetics

Accepted Answer

Environmental explanations for differences in cognitive abilities between genders emphasize the role of socialization, which includes the ways in which societal norms and expectations influence individuals' development and behavior.

Question 16

The intellectually gifted have an IQ score of at least
A)100
B)120
C)130
D)150

Accepted Answer

The intellectually gifted are generally defined as having an IQ score of at least 130.

Question 17

What situation inspired educators to demand tests of intelligence that could be administered to large groups of children in a group setting?
A)Binet's success at screening children in France
B)The use of intelligence testing for civil servant positions
C)Clinician's use of intelligence testing in mental institutions as part of the treatment process
D)The use of intelligence testing to screen American army recruits

Accepted Answer

The need to efficiently screen large numbers of American army recruits during World War I led to the development of group-administered intelligence tests.

Question 18

Phillips studied the families of African American and Caucasian children and proposed that 66 percent of the mean IQ score differences between these two ethnic groups may be accounted for by _____________ factors.
A)physical
B)environmental
C)biological
D)genetic

Accepted Answer

Phillips suggested that environmental factors are responsible for a significant portion of the mean IQ score differences between African American and Caucasian children, indicating that the environment plays a crucial role in shaping intelligence.

Question 19

The Wechsler scales are important because they measure ____________ abilities.
A)verbal
B)deviation IQ
C)mental age
D)non-verbal (i.e.perceptual)
E)both verbal and non-verbal

Accepted Answer

The Wechsler scales are designed to measure a range of cognitive abilities, including both verbal and non-verbal (i.e., perceptual) skills, providing a comprehensive assessment of an individual's intellectual functioning.

Question 20

According to Renzulli, the factors that tend to lead to success in gifted individuals include all of the following EXCEPT
A)highly developed mental abilities in their chosen field
B)early signs of exceptionality that prompt parents to help develop their children's strengths
C)the ability to engage in creative problem solving when faced with challenging problems
D)motivation and dedication

Accepted Answer

Renzulli's model of giftedness does not specifically emphasize early signs of exceptionality as a factor leading to success. Instead, it focuses on a combination of above-average ability, creativity, and task commitment (motivation and dedication) as key components.

Quiz 10: Intelligence

According to the text, biological explanations for gender differences in cognitive abilities have increasingly focused on the developing brain and on current cognitive performance that is impacted by ___________.

Critics who express concerns that intelligence tests underestimate the mental competence of minority group members are partly concerned that the tests underestimate these individuals' true intellectual ability, a test bias known as

According to statistics, the majority of people with a cognitive disability are classified as

The fact that IQ differences between black and white students have decreased in recent years is generally taken as evidence that this difference was largely be due to ____________ factors.

Research on gender differences in cognitive skills has revealed that men tend to score slightly higher on tests of certain spatial abilities and mathematical reasoning, while women tend to perform better on tests of ______________.

Which of the following statements regarding ethnic and racial differences in mean IQ scores is true?

If you were on the selection committee for your university's medical school, your best measure of a successful candidate would be to have test results from

Research on IQ differences between African American and Caucasian students indicates that

Relatively consistent research findings on sex differences in cognitive abilities indicate that women generally perform better than men do on tests of ideational fluency and men generally perform better than women do on tests of _______________.

In the research by Hampson and Kimura on the relationship between hormone levels and perceptual skills in women, the researchers found that

According to the American Psychiatric Association's classification system, an adult with a cognitive disability who may need occasional guidance and support when under unusual social or economic stress would be characterized as having a ______________ cognitive disability.

Tia is 10 years old. She has learned to speak and has acquired some basic self help and simple manual skills but has not been able to learn to read and write. Most likely Tia's level of mental retardation would be classified as

Environmental explanations of the differences in cognitive abilities between men and women have typically focused on the role of

The intellectually gifted have an IQ score of at least

What situation inspired educators to demand tests of intelligence that could be administered to large groups of children in a group setting?

Phillips studied the families of African American and Caucasian children and proposed that 66 percent of the mean IQ score differences between these two ethnic groups may be accounted for by _____________ factors.

The Wechsler scales are important because they measure ____________ abilities.

According to Renzulli, the factors that tend to lead to success in gifted individuals include all of the following EXCEPT