Question 1

The stress model discussed in the text that emphasizes the importance of cognitive appraisal and physiological responses is most compatible with which definition of stress? Stress as a(n) ___________.

Accepted Answer

The stress model that emphasizes cognitive appraisal and physiological responses aligns with the definition of stress as a person-situation interaction. This perspective considers how individuals perceive and react to stressors, highlighting the role of personal interpretation and context in the stress response.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of stress as a transaction?

Accepted Answer

Stress as a transaction refers to the interaction between an individual and their environment, emphasizing the role of perception and coping mechanisms in response to stressors. A resilient person who succeeds in the face of many obstacles exemplifies this transactional nature of stress, as it highlights how personal resources and perceptions can influence stress outcomes.

Question 3

A worker experiences everyday stressors on their way to work (e.g., traffic) and at work (e.g., a broken copying machine). These stressors would be categorized as ________.

Accepted Answer

Microstressors are small, daily occurrences that cause stress, such as traffic or equipment malfunctions.

Question 4

Recent research from the Harvard School of Public Health suggests that about 25% of college students engage in binge drinking behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research from the Harvard School of...

Question 5

Although early stress researchers concluded that _____________ events were associated with problems in adjustment, subsequent research has determined that ____________ events consistently predict negative health and behavioural outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Early stress researchers found that both positive and negative events could lead to adjustment problems, but later research showed that negative events are more consistently linked to negative health and behavioral outcomes.

Question 6

You notice that many of your classmates are sick with common colds and flu during your midterm season. The higher rate of infections you are witnessing is triggered by cortisol.

Accepted Answer

Cortisol, a stress hormone, can suppress the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections like common colds and flu, especially during high-stress periods such as midterm season.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of stress as a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

An exam is an example of stress as a stimulus because it is an external event that can trigger a stress response. Choices B, C, and D describe reactions or conditions related to stress, rather than stressors themselves.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding stress is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Catastrophic events, major negative events, and microstressors can all significantly impact physical and psychological well-being, albeit in different ways and to varying degrees.

Question 9

One approach views stress as a(n) ___________ that would primarily focus on stressors or situational events that place strong demands on us.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is "eliciting stimulus" because this approach views stress as something external that triggers a stress response, focusing on the stressors or situational events that demand a lot from individuals.

Question 10

An office worker recently experienced the death of spouse. This stressor would be called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The death of a spouse is considered a major negative event, as it is a significant and distressing experience that can have profound emotional impacts on an individual.

Question 11

During finals week, one of your friends comes up to you and says, "I'm so worked up this week. I've been so worried, tense, and strung out that I've really lost it!" Statements like these are most consistent with the definition of stress as a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

Stress, in this context, is described as a response to the conditions of being worried, tense, and strung out, indicating the individual's reaction to stressors rather than the stressors themselves or the interaction/transaction with them.

Question 12

A behavioural psychologist focuses exclusively on the environmental causes of behaviour and assumes that psychological factors have little or no importance. This psychologist would be most likely to use which of the following definitions of stress in her work? Stress as a ___________________________.

Accepted Answer

A behavioural psychologist, who focuses on environmental causes of behaviour, would define stress as a stimulus. This perspective aligns with the emphasis on external factors influencing behaviour, rather than internal psychological states or interactions.

Question 13

A type of questionnaire that asks people about such things as (1) whether a stressful event occurred, (2) whether their interpretation of the event was positive or negative, and (3) whether the event was a major event or a daily hassle is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A type of questionnaire that asks people...

Question 14

Motivational interviewing attempts lead people to draw their own conclusions about the seriousness of their behaviours by focusing on discrepancies between their current situation and how they would like to be.

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing is a counseling approach that helps individuals resolve ambivalent feelings and insecurities to find the internal motivation they need to change their behavior. It does so by concentrating on the discrepancies between their current behavior and their personal goals or values, encouraging them to consider the consequences of their actions and how they may be hindering their achievement of their desired life outcomes.

Question 15

Harm reduction approaches to substance abuse treatment are based on the assumption that people must completely refrain from engaging in a problematic behaviour if they are to recover.

Accepted Answer

Harm reduction approaches to substance abuse treatment focus on minimizing the negative health, social, and legal impacts associated with drug use, rather than insisting on complete abstinence.

Question 16

The adrenal, pituitary and hypothalamus glands work together during a stress response.

Accepted Answer

These glands are part of the HPA axis (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis), which is a major part of the body's stress response system. The hypothalamus releases CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) which stimulates the pituitary gland to release ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), which in turn stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, a key stress hormone.

Question 17

Acts of terrorism (like the one that occurred at the World Trade Center in New York) would generally be categorized as ________.

Accepted Answer

Catastrophic events are large-scale disasters that affect large numbers of people and are often unexpected, such as acts of terrorism, natural disasters, or large-scale accidents. The attack on the World Trade Center is an example of a catastrophic event due to its scale, impact, and the number of people affected.

Question 18

Your grandparents are experiencing joint pain triggered by an inflammatory condition. It would be in their best interest to take an anti-inflammatory drugs such as cortisone.

Accepted Answer

Cortisone is a type of corticosteroid, which is an anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain in conditions like arthritis, which could be causing your grandparents' joint pain.

Question 19

A person who has no idea that she is suffering from an eating disorder would be said to be in the precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model.

Accepted Answer

In the precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model, individuals are not yet acknowledging that they have a problem or are not considering change, which applies to someone unaware of their eating disorder.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of stress as a response?

Accepted Answer

Stress as a response refers to the physiological and psychological reactions to stressors, such as tense muscles and elevated heart rate. These are direct outcomes of the body's response to stress, unlike the other options which are more about external stressors or predispositions.

Quiz 15: Stress, Coping, and Health