Question 1

Maiya has type 1 diabetes. She explains to you that she no longer wants to take her insulin injections and is going to control her blood glucose levels by eating a healthy diet. Is this course of action advisable?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the pancreas's inability to produce insulin, a hormone essential for regulating blood glucose levels. Therefore, individuals with type 1 diabetes must take insulin externally, typically through injections, as diet alone cannot compensate for the lack of insulin production.

Question 2

Which of the following is thought to be a potential cause of type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes is believed to be caused by an autoimmune reaction where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

Question 3

Which of the following hormones works to lower blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is the hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

Question 4

You find an individual lying on the ground unconscious. You notice that they have a medical alert bracelet for type 1 diabetes and their breath smells like nail polish remover. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely to have lead to the coma?

Accepted Answer

The smell of nail polish remover (acetone) on the breath of an unconscious individual with type 1 diabetes suggests ketoacidosis. This condition occurs when the body, lacking enough insulin to use glucose, starts breaking down fats for energy, producing ketones, which can lead to a dangerous buildup of acids in the blood.

Question 5

A cookie that contains 25 grams of carbohydrates will have ________ kcal from carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal of energy per gram. Therefore, 25 grams of carbohydrates will provide 25 grams x 4 kcal/gram = 100 kcal.

Question 6

How many grams of carbohydrate (per day)are recommended to prevent ketosis in healthy individuals (RDA)?

Accepted Answer

The RDA for carbohydrates to prevent ketosis in healthy individuals is 130 grams per day. This is because carbohydrates are the body's preferred source of energy, and if the body does not receive enough carbohydrates, it will start breaking down fat for energy, leading to the production of ketones and potentially causing ketosis. Option C is the only choice that matches this recommendation.

Question 7

If you are eating 2300 kcal per day, approximately how many grams of fibre should you include in your daily diet?

Accepted Answer

The general dietary guideline suggests consuming about 14 grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories. Therefore, for a 2300 kcal diet, the fiber intake should be approximately 32 grams (2300/1000 * 14 = 32.2).

Question 8

In the absence of carbohydrate, ________ are produced from the incomplete breakdown of body fat.

Accepted Answer

In the absence of carbohydrates, the body starts breaking down fat for energy, leading to the production of ketones. This process is known as ketosis.

Question 9

Which of the following alternative sweeteners is derived from a plant native to South America?

Accepted Answer

Stevia is derived from the leaves of the plant species Stevia rebaudiana, which is native to Brazil and Paraguay in South America.

Question 10

Approximately 6% of Canadians over the age of 12 years have a form of diabetes. Which of the following is the most prevalent form of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of diabetes, accounting for about 90% of all cases of diabetes.

Question 11

A diet low in fibre is associated with an increased risk of developing:

Accepted Answer

A diet low in fiber can lead to diverticulosis, a condition where small, bulging pouches develop in the digestive tract. Fiber helps to keep stools soft and prevents constipation, which can contribute to the formation of these pouches.

Question 12

Sugar alcohols are most often used in which of the following products?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sugar alcohols are most often used in...

Question 13

Which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis?

Accepted Answer

Ketosis is a metabolic state that occurs when the body begins to burn fat for energy because it does not have enough carbohydrates to burn. This can happen when there is insufficient carbohydrate intake in the diet.

Question 14

Which of the following is a non-nutritive sweetener that could be used when baking cookies?

Accepted Answer

Sucralose is a non-nutritive sweetener that can withstand the heat of baking, making it suitable for use in cookies. Unlike aspartame, which can break down with heat, sucralose retains its sweetness.

Question 15

Ramone is a male who weighs 85 kg. He is concerned about the amount of acesulfame-K he is consuming by drinking one can of diet pop every day. You research his diet pop and find out that each can contains 13 mg of acesulfame-K. What would you tell Ramone?

Accepted Answer

The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of acesulfame-K is set at 15 mg/kg body weight per day. For Ramone, who weighs 85 kg, his ADI would be 1275 mg (85 kg x 15 mg/kg). Since each can of diet pop contains only 13 mg of acesulfame-K, drinking one can per day puts him well below his ADI, making option A correct.

Question 16

Which of the following BEST describes the glycemic index?

Accepted Answer

The glycemic index is a measure that ranks foods according to their effect on blood glucose levels, indicating how quickly a food causes a rise in blood glucose and, consequently, insulin levels.

Question 17

Individuals with the disease PKU (phenylketonuria)should not consume the artificial sweetener aspartame. Why?

Accepted Answer

Aspartame contains phenylalanine, which individuals with PKU cannot metabolize properly. This can lead to a dangerous buildup of phenylalanine in the brain, causing irreversible brain damage.

Question 18

Which of the following is a common source of added sugar in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Sweetened soft drinks are a common source of added sugar in Canada, contributing significantly to the overall sugar intake.

Question 19

The glycemic load is:

Accepted Answer

The glycemic load is calculated by multiplying the glycemic index of a food by the grams of carbohydrate in a serving of that food, providing a more accurate representation of a food's impact on blood sugar levels.

Question 20

Which of the following is directly associated with diets high in added sugars?

Accepted Answer

Tooth decay is directly associated with diets high in added sugars because the bacteria in plaque feed on sugars and produce acids that can damage tooth enamel.

Quiz 4: Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients