Quiz 6: Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues

What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat? A)carbon B)hydrogen C)oxygen D)nitrogen

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids? A)side chain B)central carbon C)amine group D)acid group

The part of the protein molecule that carries nitrogen is the: A)acid group. B)amine group. C)side chain group. D)hydrogen group.

The side chain of an amino acid is often referred to as the ________ group. A)A B)Q C)N D)R

How many amino acids are considered to be essential? A)none B)five C)nine D)20

Which of the following amino acids is essential? A)arginine B)valine C)glycine D)alanine

The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called: A)gene expression. B)alteration. C)deamination. D)transamination.

Amino acids are joined together by which specific bond? A)lipase B)disulphide C)hydrogen D)peptide

Oligopeptides are a string of ________ amino acids. A)1-2 B)4-9 C)10-15 D)more than 25

Two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. What is the by-product of this process? A)ammonia B)water C)carbon dioxide D)hydrochloric acid

A genetic mutation can alter the protein being produced by changing: A)the amine group. B)the amino acid sequence. C)the side-chain. D)the peptide bond.

The specific function of a protein is determined by its: A)sequence of amino acids. B)length. C)three-dimensional shape. D)electric charge.

The sequential order of the amino acids is called the: A)primary structure. B)secondary structure. C)tertiary structure. D)quaternary structure.

In some cases, cooking a food can prevent an allergic reaction to the offending protein. Why might this be? A)Heating the food can denature the protein. B)Heating the food can destroy the amino acids. C)Heating the food can prevent transcription. D)Heating the food can result in deamination.

Which of the following foods is a source of complete proteins? A)broccoli B)beans C)tuna fish D)whole-grain bread

Carlos has a burrito with beans and rice for dinner. He has used the ________ to ensure he is getting a complete protein. A)protein combining method B)amino acid sequencing method C)process of mutual supplementation D)process of complementary supplementation

Imagine your body is in the process of building a protein and finds that the supply of tryptophan is the smallest in relation to the body's need. In this case, tryptophan is considered to be the: A)essential amino acid. B)minor amino acid. C)limiting amino acid. D)incomplete amino acid.

Foods that can be combined to provide all nine essential amino acids are called: A)complementary foods. B)mutually exclusive foods. C)protein combining foods. D)whole foods.

A complete protein: A)contains all 20 amino acids. B)contains all 9 essential amino acids. C)cannot be denatured by heat or acid. D)is easily digested in the gastrointestinal tract.

Protein digestion begins in the: A)mouth. B)stomach. C)small intestine. D)pancreas.

The absorption of amino acids primarily occurs in the: A)stomach. B)small intestine. C)large intestine. D)liver.

Which hormone controls the production of hydrochloric acid and the release of pepsin? A)pepsinogen B)insulin C)cholecystokinin D)gastrin

Proteases are: A)protein messengers that alter the body's homeostasis. B)transport proteins that move substances throughout the body. C)defense proteins that attack foreign bacteria, viruses, and toxins. D)enzymes that break down proteins.

Which of the following is used to measure protein quality in the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)method? A)the protein efficiency ratio in a healthy adult B)the proportion of absorbed protein that is incorporated into the body C)the average amount of weight gained per 100 g of food consumed D)the amino acid requirements, adjusted for digestibility, of a 2- to 5-year-old child

Which of the following proteins are fundamental to the immune system? A)enzymes B)antibodies C)buffers D)transport proteins

Individuals with chronic lung disease may experience respiratory acidosis. What would be the direct effect of acidosis in the body? A)a denaturing of body proteins B)an alkalosis of the blood C)a buildup of fluid in the tissues D)an electrolyte imbalance

Enzymes differ from hormones because only enzymes: A)act as chemical messengers. B)are made from proteins. C)speed up chemical reactions. D)are made in the gastrointestinal tract.

To use proteins for energy, the amine group is removed from the amino acid in a process called: A)transamination. B)deamination. C)denaturation. D)transport.

Protein needs can be determined through a specialized procedure called: A)protein recycling. B)ins and outs. C)nitrogen balance. D)amino acid balance.

Maria is a reasonably healthy 19-year-old college student who is sedentary. She weighs 66 kg. Approximately, how many grams of protein would you recommend she consume each day? A)45 grams B)53 grams C)66 grams D)73 grams

Which of the following represents a positive nitrogen balance? A)pregnancy B)extended bed rest C)severe weight loss D)increased body fat

Jeffrey is a strength athlete who eats a well-balanced diet of red meat, fish, grains, and fruits and vegetables. He weighs 92 kg. Approximately, what is the MINIMUM amount of protein would you recommend he eat on a daily basis? A)74 grams B)110 grams C)156 grams D)166 grams

Which of the following health problems has been associated with high protein intakes from animal sources? A)elevated blood cholesterol B)marasmus C)edema D)sickle cell anemia

Which of the following foods would contain the highest protein content? A)250 mL of broccoli B)75 g of chicken C)250 mL of brown rice D)250 mL of skim milk

Which of the following supplements would you recommend a vegan add to his/her diet? A)protein B)fiber C)vitamin B₁₂ D)vitamin C

Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of: A)carcinogens. B)antioxidants. C)iron. D)vitamin D.

The type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by sufficient intake of energy but a lack of protein in the diet is called: A)marasmus. B)sickle cell anemia. C)cystic fibrosis. D)kwashiorkor.

The type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by a general lack of protein, energy, and nutrients in the diet is called: A)marasmus. B)sickle cell anemia. C)cystic fibrosis. D)kwashiorkor.

During your travels you see several children that have a "skin and bones " appearance. Knowing that access to food is a concern you assume they have: A)kwashiorkor. B)marasmus. C)sickle cell anemia. D)cystic fibrosis.

Which of the following is an inherited protein metabolism disorder characterized by a severe respiratory illness? A)cystic fibrosis B)mad cow disease C)acidosis D)kwashiorkor

A genetic disorder caused by a single amino acid error in hemoglobin is called: A)phenylketonuria. B)cystic fibrosis. C)sickle cell anemia. D)marasmus.

Davis needs to ensure that he consumes sufficient tyrosine through dietary sources. Which of the following diseases is he most likely to have? A)phenylketonuria (PKU) B)sickle cell anemia C)kwashiorkor D)metabolic acidosis

Inu is following a vegan diet. She decides to have some rice for dinner. Which of the following foods should she include in her meal to ensure she consumes all of the essential amino acids? A)a fried egg B)lentils C)sesame seeds D)broccoli

Which of the following foods would provide a complete source of protein for someone following a vegan diet? A)tofu B)beans C)cottage cheese D)spinach

Justine is an endurance athlete who has recently switched to a vegetarian diet. Which of the following is she MOST likely to experience? A)weight gain B)protein deficiency C)increased risk of cancer D)iron deficiency

Which of the following foods would be the BEST source of calcium for a lacto-ovo-vegetarian? A)an apple B)a glass of milk C)a bowl of white rice D)salted peanuts

Kwashiorkor is easily identified by: A)a "skin and bone" appearance. B)swollen belly. C)increased appetite. D)respiratory problems.

Which of the following would you experience if you were to substitute legumes for red meat in your dinner? A)increased iron B)increased omega-3 fatty acids C)increased fibre D)increased vitamin B₁₂

Susan is a healthy, 25-year-old female who participates in a small amount of exercise weekly. She calculates that she consumes an average 15% of her total energy from a combination of plant and animal protein sources. Susan should: A)decrease her protein intake. B)increase her protein intake. C)maintain her protein intake. D)consume all of her protein from plant sources.

Protein digestion begins in the stomach with the help of the enzyme: A)pepsin. B)gastrin. C)denaturase. D)trypsin.

Imagine you have been asked to develop a diet plan for a vegetarian, long-distance swimmer who weighs 70 kg. How much protein would you recommend they consume per day? Would they require a protein supplement to meet their needs?

What would you say to someone who tells you that it is important for Canadians to increase their red meat consumption to meet their protein needs?

Alberto would like to lower his cholesterol intakes while maintaining his protein intakes. What types of foods would you recommend for him?

DNA provides the code for the sequence of amino acids. In a point mutation, a single nitrogen base changes, resulting in a different amino acid. Imagine this change in amino acid resulted in a change in the shape of an antibody. Why would this be a concern?

What is the role of the proteases found in the small intestine?

Oral digestive enzyme tablets are often covered in a special protective coating. Explain why this coating is necessary and what would happen if it was not present.

A deficiency of folate, niacin, and vitamin B₆ can inhibit the body's ability to form the amino acid serine. How would you classify serine in this case?

Textured vegetable protein (TVP)is often consumed by people following a vegan diet to help them meet their protein needs. The product is usually fortified with vitamin B₁₂. Do you agree with fortifying TVP with vitamin B₁₂? Why or why not?

Lightweight rowers need to maintain their bodyweight within a very narrow range due to the body weight restrictions associated with their sport. A rowing coach asks you to test his athletes to determine the amount of protein each rower requires to maintain their body weight. Explain how you would determine their protein requirements to get the most accurate measurement.

You decide to do a diet analysis for your grandfather because he has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. When you look at the results, you find that proteins make up 50% of his total energy for the day. Furthermore, the majority of his protein comes from animal products. What are the potential health concerns with his protein intake?

Your sister is a high-level cross-country skier. She tells you that her teammates have all begun to take a protein supplement to increase the energy that they have to complete their workouts and races. Consider the roles of protein in the body. Do you agree with their logic? Explain why or why not? What would you recommend as an energy source for cross-country skiers?

Your friends explain to you that their recent nutritional assessment found they were low in protein. A more in-depth analysis revealed that their intakes of the amino acid lysine were particularly low. Your friends ask you to explain the concept of protein quality and how it can be measured. They also ask you to recommend some foods that would be good sources of lysine.

Imagine you have been asked to participate in a debate in favour of vegetarian diets. What key points would you use to convince people of the reasons for choosing a vegetarian diet and its potential health benefits? Finally, refute any claims regarding the potential for nutrient deficiencies.