Question 1

Which research study demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and a decreased risk of heart disease in smokers?

Accepted Answer

The ATBC Study, conducted in Finland and published in 1994, demonstrated a link between vitamin E consumption and a decreased risk of heart disease in male smokers. The study found that supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, a form of vitamin E, reduced the incidence of heart disease by 34% compared to a placebo group.

Question 2

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Cancers are the leading cause of death in Canada, surpassing cardiovascular diseases in recent years.

Question 3

Which of the following is an effective treatment for cataracts?

Accepted Answer

Surgery is the only effective treatment for cataracts, where the cloudy lens is removed and often replaced with an artificial one.

Question 4

Define cancer and explain why cancerous cells are harmful to the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define cancer and explain why cancerous cells...

Question 5

Timo has recently been diagnosed with hemochromatosis. He would like to take a vitamin C supplement to reduce the duration of his cold. How would you advise him? Justify your response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Timo has recently been diagnosed with hemochromatosis....

Question 6

Which of the following have been associated with an increased risk for cancer in humans?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fat has been associated with an increased risk of certain types of cancer, such as breast and colorectal cancer, according to numerous studies.

Question 7

Which study concluded that vitamin E had no impact on the risk for CVD in people who are at high risk for heart attack and stroke?

Accepted Answer

The HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) study concluded that vitamin E had no impact on the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people who are at high risk for heart attack and stroke.

Question 8

Research studies have consistently demonstrated an association between a reduced risk of cancer and:

Accepted Answer

Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables has been consistently associated with a reduced risk of cancer. This is likely due to the variety of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals they contain, which can have protective effects against cancer.

Question 9

Low-grade inflammation is associated with which biochemical marker?

Accepted Answer

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biochemical marker that is associated with low-grade inflammation. High levels of CRP in the blood can indicate the presence of inflammation in the body, which can be a risk factor for various diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. HDL and LDL cholesterol and insulin are not directly associated with low-grade inflammation.

Question 10

In Canada, the leading cause of blindness in adults 55 years and older is:

Accepted Answer

Macular degeneration, specifically age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is the leading cause of blindness in adults over the age of 55 in Canada and many other developed countries. It affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision, leading to vision loss in the center of the visual field.

Question 11

Rico is a 65-year-old male with low levels of HDL cholesterol and high levels of LDL cholesterol. He knows his blood pressure is high and that both his father and grandfather died of a heart attack. He has just retired and spends his mornings walking his dog and volunteering at the golf course. Since he has retired, he has lost 15 pounds bringing his body weight into the healthy range. Identify factors in Rico's life that increase or decrease his risk for cardiovascular disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rico is a 65-year-old male with low...

Question 12

When travelling in India, you observe young children living on the street. They appear to be undernourished and unable to see in the dark. What has happened to these children? Explain why and how this disease developed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When travelling in India, you observe young...

Question 13

Which of the following terms is synonymous with the word malignant?

Accepted Answer

Malignant is a term used to describe a severe and progressively worsening condition, often used in the context of cancer to denote tumors that are invasive and can spread to other parts of the body.

Question 14

Outline why selenium has an important role in the body's defense against oxidative damage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline why selenium has an important role...

Question 15

What effect would a lack of vitamin C have on the body's antioxidant capacity? Include information on the regeneration of antioxidants in your response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What effect would a lack of vitamin...

Question 16

Your grandfather tells you his diet analysis reported his vitamin E intake from foods is 35 mg/day. He is also taking a supplement providing 100 mg of vitamin E three times per day. What advice would you give your grandfather regarding his vitamin E intakes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your grandfather tells you his diet analysis...

Question 17

Do you agree with the Canadian Cancer Society's recommendation that Canadian adults take a vitamin D supplement daily during the fall and winter months? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Do you agree with the Canadian Cancer...

Question 18

Genevive grew a garden full of carrots and other vegetables high in beta-carotene. She is trying to eat them all before they go bad. She has noticed an orange tinge to her skin lately. She asks you what could be the matter and what she should do. What is your response?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genevive grew a garden full of carrots...

Question 19

Sophie is a cross-country skier training for nationals. She knows that the combination of competing, training, and travelling increases her risk of developing a cold. She asks you if she should take a vitamin C supplement during the winter to help her stay healthy. How would you advise her? Justify your recommendation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sophie is a cross-country skier training for...

Question 20

On average, smoking can reduce life expectancy by ________ in males and ________ in females.

Accepted Answer

Smoking can reduce life expectancy by approximately 13 years in males and 14 years in females, according to various health studies.

Quiz 11: Nutrients Involved in Antioxidant Function