Question 1

Sometimes,the stigma associated with deviance may be as a result of a______________such as being obese or having excessive tattoos.
A)behavior
B)belief
C)condition
D)subculture

Accepted Answer

The stigma associated with deviance may sometimes be due to a particular condition or characteristic of an individual, such as being obese or having excessive tattoos. This condition or characteristic falls outside the boundaries of what is considered normal or acceptable in society, leading to stigmatization of the individual. The other options - behavior, belief, and subculture - may all contribute to deviance, but they do not necessarily account for the stigma associated with deviance.

Question 2

A______________is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines,jail terms,and/or other negative sanctions.
A)stigma
B)deviant act
C)crime
D)cultural strain

Accepted Answer

A crime is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, and/or other negative sanctions. A stigma refers to a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person. A deviant act refers to a behavior that violates social norms but may not necessarily be criminal. Cultural strain refers to the stress and frustration that result from a disconnect between one's aspirations and one's ability to achieve them within the constraints of society.

Question 3

______________ is any behavior,belief,or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs.
A)Deviance
B)Crime
C)Stigma
D)Violence

Accepted Answer

Deviance is defined as any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs. Crime can be a form of deviance, but not all deviance is criminal. Stigma refers to a social stigma or mark of shame that is associated with certain behaviors or conditions, while violence refers to physical harm or force used against someone or something.

Question 4

______________ refers to a violation of law or the commission of a status offense (such as cutting school or running away from home)by young people.
A)Juvenile delinquency
B)Truancy
C)Youthful misconduct
D)Crime

Accepted Answer

Juvenile delinquency specifically refers to the violation of the law by youth, while truancy and youthful misconduct are specific behaviors that may contribute to or be a part of juvenile delinquency. Crime is a broader term that can encompass all age groups, while juvenile delinquency specifically pertains to minors.

Question 5

In contemporary societies,the criminal justice system,which includes the police,the courts,and the prisons,is the primary mechanism of______________social control.
A)external
B)interior
C)internal
D)exterior

Accepted Answer

External social control refers to the use of external forces, such as the criminal justice system, to regulate behavior and maintain social order. Therefore, the criminal justice system, which includes the police, courts, and prisons, is the primary mechanism of external social control in contemporary societies.

Question 6

Incapacitation is punishment that a person receives for infringing on the rights of others.It imposes a penalty on the offender and is based on the premise that the punishment should fit the crime.The greater the degree of social harm,the more the offender should be punished.

Accepted Answer

The description provided is more aligned with the concept of retribution, not incapacitation. Incapacitation focuses on preventing future crimes by removing the offender's ability to commit them, often through imprisonment, rather than fitting the punishment to the crime.

Question 7

Men have higher arrest rates than females for prostitution,embezzlement,and runaways,but in all other categories,women have higher rates.

Accepted Answer

According to the Uniform Crime Report, men generally have higher arrest rates than women in all types of crime except for prostitution, embezzlement, and runaways, where women have higher rates.

Question 8

When individuals internalize societal norms and values that prescribe how people should behave and then follow those norms and values in their everyday lives,this is referred to as______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ social control.
A)external
B)interior
C)exterior
D)internal

Accepted Answer

Internal social control refers to the process of individuals adopting and following societal norms and values as a way of regulating their behavior. This type of social control is self-regulatory in nature and relies on personal beliefs, values, and moral standards to guide behavior. It is distinguished from external social control, which refers to the use of formal and informal sanctions, such as laws and social pressure, to regulate behavior.

Question 9

Deviance based on person's actions is referred to as______________deviance.
A)belief system
B)behavioral
C)criminal
D)active

Accepted Answer

Deviance based on a person's actions is referred to as behavioral deviance. A person's belief system may contribute to their deviant behavior, but the deviance itself is still based on their actions. Criminal deviance refers specifically to actions that are illegal, while active deviance is not a commonly used term in the field of sociology.

Question 10

According to official statistics,Latinos/as are the most overrepresented racial minority group in arrest data.

Accepted Answer

African Americans are typically the most overrepresented racial minority group in arrest data according to official statistics.

Question 11

According to the functionalist perspective,deviance is universal because it serves all of the following important functions EXCEPT:
A)clarifying rules
B)preventing social chaos
C)promoting social change
D)uniting a group

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective views deviance as serving functions like clarifying rules, promoting social change, and uniting a group, but not specifically preventing social chaos.

Question 12

Sociologist______________believed that deviance is rooted in societal factors,such as rapid social change and the lack of social integration among people.As social integration (bonding and community involvement)decreases,deviance and crime increases.
A)Robert Merton
B)Edwin Sutherland
C)Walter Reckless
D)Emile Durkheim

Accepted Answer

Emile Durkheim believed that deviance is rooted in societal factors, as he advocated the concept of anomie, which refers to a state of normlessness in society caused by rapid social change or the breakdown of social integration. As social integration decreases, individuals become disconnected from society and its norms, leading to deviant behaviors.

Question 13

Societies also have various mechanisms to regulate people's behavior.______________refers to the systematic practices that social groups develop in order to encourage conformity to norms,rules,and laws and to discourage deviance.
A)Social retaliation
B)Social emphasis
C)Social control
D)Social deviance

Accepted Answer

Social control refers to the various mechanisms in society that are created to encourage people to conform to the norms, rules, and laws of that society. These mechanisms can range from informal methods of persuasion, such as social pressure or shaming, to more formal means of punishment, such as imprisonment or fines. The goal of social control is to ensure that individuals behave in a way that is acceptable to the larger community, and that they are punished if they violate the rules or standards of that community. So, option C is the best choice as it summarizes the definition of social control.

Question 14

Suppose that a bully comes into town and the residents band together in order to oppose the threat.This illustrates which function of deviance?
A)Deviance clarifies rules.
B)Deviance unites a group.
C)Deviance promotes social change.
D)Deviance prevents social chaos.

Accepted Answer

The residents banding together to oppose the bully illustrates the function of deviance to unite a group. The deviant behavior (i.e. the bully's actions) has sparked a sense of unity among the residents who are now working together to oppose it.

Question 15

______________ is the systematic study of crime and the criminal justice system,including the police,courts,and prison.
A)Sociology
B)Ecology
C)Criminology
D)Ethnomethodology

Accepted Answer

Criminology is the only option that specifically relates to the study of crime and the criminal justice system, including the institutions involved in law enforcement, adjudication, and punishment. Sociology may also touch on these topics, but it is a broader field that encompasses the study of society as a whole. Ecology and Ethnomethodology do not relate to the study of crime or the criminal justice system.

Question 16

In 1972,the United States Supreme Court ruled (in Furman v.Georgia)that arbitrary application of the death penalty violates the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution,but that the death penalty itself is not unconstitutional.In other words,capital punishment is legal if it is fairly imposed.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct statement of the ruling in Furman v. Georgia.

Question 17

Community-oriented policing is an approach to law enforcement in which officers maintain a presence in the area,walking up and down the streets or riding bicycles getting to know people,and holding public service meetings at schools,churches,and other neighborhood settings.

Accepted Answer

Community-oriented policing emphasizes building relationships and partnerships with community members to prevent crime and improve quality of life in the neighborhood. Officers engage in proactive problem-solving and work to address the root causes of crime and disorder.

Question 18

The use of negative sanctions that proscribe certain behaviors and set forth the punishments for rule breakers and nonconformists is an example of:
A)external social control
B)exterior social control
C)interior social control
D)internal social control

Accepted Answer

External social control refers to the use of external factors, such as laws and punishments, to shape and regulate behavior. The use of negative sanctions that prescribe certain behaviors and set forth the punishments for rule breakers and nonconformists is an example of external social control. Interior and internal social control are focused on self-regulation, whereas external social control is focused on regulating the behavior of others through external factors. Exterior social control is not a commonly used term in sociology.

Question 19

Deviant behavior varies in its______________,ranging from mild transgressions of folkways,to more serious infringements of mores,to quite serious violations of the law.
A)degree of stigma
B)degree of criminality
C)degree of delinquency
D)degree of seriousness

Accepted Answer

The sentence clearly outlines a range of deviant behavior that ranges from mild to serious violations of the law. This indicates that the variations in deviant behavior are based on the degree of seriousness of the violation. Therefore, choice D, "degree of seriousness," is the best answer. The other answer choices are either too specific (Criminality) or too broad (Stigma and Delinquency) and do not accurately capture the spectrum of deviant behavior described in the sentence.

Question 20

New legislation being passed as a result of a criminal trial illustrates which function of deviance?
A)Deviance clarifies rules.
B)Deviance unites a group.
C)Deviance promotes social change.
D)Deviance prevents social chaos.

Accepted Answer

The answer of New legislation being passed as a result...

Quiz 7: Deviance and Crime

Sometimes,the stigma associated with deviance may be as a result of a______________such as being obese or having excessive tattoos.

A______________is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines,jail terms,and/or other negative sanctions.

______________ is any behavior,belief,or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs.

______________ refers to a violation of law or the commission of a status offense (such as cutting school or running away from home) by young people.

In contemporary societies,the criminal justice system,which includes the police,the courts,and the prisons,is the primary mechanism of______________social control.

Incapacitation is punishment that a person receives for infringing on the rights of others.It imposes a penalty on the offender and is based on the premise that the punishment should fit the crime.The greater the degree of social harm,the more the offender should be punished.

Men have higher arrest rates than females for prostitution,embezzlement,and runaways,but in all other categories,women have higher rates.

Deviance based on person's actions is referred to as______________deviance.

According to official statistics,Latinos/as are the most overrepresented racial minority group in arrest data.

According to the functionalist perspective,deviance is universal because it serves all of the following important functions EXCEPT:

Sociologist______________believed that deviance is rooted in societal factors,such as rapid social change and the lack of social integration among people.As social integration (bonding and community involvement) decreases,deviance and crime increases.

Societies also have various mechanisms to regulate people's behavior.______________refers to the systematic practices that social groups develop in order to encourage conformity to norms,rules,and laws and to discourage deviance.

Suppose that a bully comes into town and the residents band together in order to oppose the threat.This illustrates which function of deviance?

______________ is the systematic study of crime and the criminal justice system,including the police,courts,and prison.

In 1972,the United States Supreme Court ruled (in Furman v.Georgia)that arbitrary application of the death penalty violates the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution,but that the death penalty itself is not unconstitutional.In other words,capital punishment is legal if it is fairly imposed.

Community-oriented policing is an approach to law enforcement in which officers maintain a presence in the area,walking up and down the streets or riding bicycles getting to know people,and holding public service meetings at schools,churches,and other neighborhood settings.

The use of negative sanctions that proscribe certain behaviors and set forth the punishments for rule breakers and nonconformists is an example of:

Deviant behavior varies in its______________,ranging from mild transgressions of folkways,to more serious infringements of mores,to quite serious violations of the law.

New legislation being passed as a result of a criminal trial illustrates which function of deviance?