Question 1

Scapegoats are often used as substitutes for the actual source of the frustration.For example,members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups are often blamed for societal problems (such as unemployment or an economic recession)over which they have no control.

Accepted Answer

Scapegoats are frequently used as a convenient target to shift blame away from the actual source of the issue, and members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups are often utilized as scapegoats for societal problems that they have no control over.

Question 2

In the contact hypothesis,symbolic interactionists point out that contact between people from divergent groups should lead to favorable attitudes and behavior when certain factors such as having equal status and pursuing the same goals are present.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct statement about the contact hypothesis, as identified and supported by symbolic interactionists. They emphasize the importance of conditions such as equal status, common goals, and supportive social norms for intergroup contact to reduce prejudice and promote positive outcomes.

Question 3

Discriminatory actions vary in severity from the use of derogatory labels to violence against individuals and groups.The ultimate form of discrimination,genocide,occurs when people are considered to be unworthy to live because of their race or ethnicity.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Discriminatory actions can range from verbal abuse to violence, and genocide is the most extreme form of discrimination where individuals are targeted for their race or ethnicity with the intent of their eradication.

Question 4

Internal colonialism occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are conquered or colonized and forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group.Groups that have been subjected to internal colonialism remain in subordinate positions longer than groups that voluntarily migrated to the United States.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the concept of internal colonialism.

Question 5

According to the critical race theory,the best way to document racism and ongoing inequality in society is to listen to the lived experiences of people who have experienced such discrimination.

Accepted Answer

According to critical race theory, individuals who have experienced racism and ongoing inequality are the best source for documenting and understanding the nature of such discrimination. This is because their lived experiences provide valuable insight into the ways in which racism operates in society and the impacts it has on individuals and communities. Therefore, listening to the testimonies of those who have experienced racism is an essential part of addressing and remedying systemic inequality.

Question 6

The split-labor market theory refers to the division of the economy into two areas of employment,a privatization sector or upper tier,composed of higher-paid (usually subordinate group)workers in more secure jobs,and a tertiary sector or lower tier,composed of lower-paid (often superordinate group)workers in jobs with little security and hazardous working conditions.

Accepted Answer

The split-labor market theory describes a division where dominant groups (often higher-paid) and subordinate groups (often lower-paid) are in competition, not the reverse as stated.

Question 7

To sociologists,a superordinate group is one whose members,because of physical or cultural characteristics,are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominate group and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.

Accepted Answer

A superordinate group is actually a dominant or privileged group in society, while a subordinate group is the group that experiences disadvantage and discrimination.

Question 8

An example of de jure segregation is the Jim Crow laws,which legalized the separation of the races in public accommodations (such as hotels,restaurants,transportation,hospitals,jails,schools,churches,and cemeteries)in the southern United States after the Civil War.

Accepted Answer

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States, which is an example of de jure segregation.

Question 9

Today,sociologists emphasize that race is a socially constructed reality,not a biological one.From this approach,the social significance that people accord to race is more significant than any biological differences that might exist among people who are placed in arbitrary categories.

Accepted Answer

Sociologists do emphasize that race is a socially constructed reality and not a biological one. They argue that the social significance of race is more important than any biological differences that may exist.

Question 10

Native Americans are the most disadvantaged racial or ethnic group in the United States in terms of income,employment,housing,nutrition,and health.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true based on data and statistics regarding the socioeconomic status and health outcomes of Native Americans compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the US.

Question 11

Biological (amalgamation)assimilation in the United States initially followed an "Anglo conformity" model;members of subordinate ethnic groups were expected to conform to the culture of the dominant white Anglo-Saxon population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biological (amalgamation)assimilation in the United States initially...

Question 12

According to sociologist Joe Feagin,indirect institutionalized discrimination takes place when a prejudiced judge may give harsher sentences to all African American defendants but may not be supported by the judicial system in that action.

Accepted Answer

Indirect institutionalized discrimination refers to policies or practices that are not explicitly discriminatory but result in unequal treatment. The example given describes direct discrimination by an individual, not indirect institutionalized discrimination.

Question 13

According to psychologist Theodor Adorno,a permissive personality is more likely to develop in a family environment in which dominating parents who are anxious about status use physical discipline but show very little love in raising their children.

Accepted Answer

Adorno's theory is about the authoritarian personality, not a permissive one. He suggested that such a personality develops in environments with strict, dominating parents.

Question 14

Recent publicity about celebrities of mixed-race heritage,such as the golfer Tiger Woods,together with the change in the way that the Census Bureau asks about race,may lead more people to identify themselves as having more than one racial heritage.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that recent publicity and changes in the Census Bureau may result in more people identifying themselves as multiracial, therefore, the answer is true.

Question 15

Ethnocentrism is maintained and perpetuated in stereotypes,which are overgeneralizations about the appearance,behavior,or other characteristics of members of particular categories.

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are one way in which ethnocentrism can be maintained and perpetuated, as they often involve overgeneralizing about entire groups of people based on limited or inaccurate information.

Question 16

Ethnic groups share five main characteristics.One of them is "territoriality," or the tendency to occupy a distinct geographic area (such as Little Italy or Little Havana)by choice and/or for self- protection.

Accepted Answer

Ethnic groups often choose to occupy a specific geographic area for various reasons, including the desire to preserve their culture and for self-protection. This is known as territoriality.

Question 17

An ethnic group is a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior,often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color,hair texture,eye shape,or other subjectively selected attributes.

Accepted Answer

An ethnic group is defined by shared cultural traits, such as language, religion, and traditions, rather than physical characteristics. The description given is more aligned with racial categorization.

Question 18

The "Trail of Tears" was one of the most disastrous acts of forced assimilation that African
Americans experienced in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The Trail of Tears primarily affected Native Americans, not African Americans. It was the forced relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) in the 1830s.

Question 19

Overt discrimination in sports occurs when whites are described as having the intelligence,dependability,and leadership and decision-making skills needed in positions requiring higher levels of responsibility and control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Overt discrimination in sports occurs when whites...

Question 20

White,ethnic immigrants of Irish and Italian descent have been the most privileged group in the United States.

Accepted Answer

There is no one group that can be designated as the "most privileged" in the United States. Privilege is complex and intersecting factors such as race, class, gender, and education all play a role in shaping an individual's access to resources and opportunities. Furthermore, both Irish and Italian immigrants faced discrimination and prejudice when they first arrived in the United States.

Quiz 10: Race and Ethnicity