Question 1

______________ is a collection of people,distinguished by others or by themselves,primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question refers specifically to an ethnic group, which is a collection of people united by a shared cultural or national background. While culture (A) and tribal groups (B) can also be factors in defining an ethnic group, the term itself more precisely describes a population defined by these characteristics. "Race" (C) is often inaccurately used interchangeably with ethnicity, but it is not a scientifically valid or meaningful categorization of human populations.

Question 2

______________ have a high price even for survivors,whose life chances can become bleaker even after the violence subsides.

Accepted Answer

Ethnic wars often result in deep-seated grudges and a breakdown of social cohesion. Survivors may face continued discrimination and persecution even after the violence has ended, leading to a bleaker future. Racial and religious wars may also have a lasting impact, but ethnic wars specifically target one's cultural identity and can have a particularly damaging effect on individuals and communities. Sociological wars is not a commonly used term in global conflicts.

Question 3

In the United States,whites with Northern European ancestry (often referred to as Euro-Americans,white Anglo-Saxon Protestants,or WASPs),are considered to be a______________group.

Accepted Answer

Whites with Northern European ancestry are often considered to be a dominant group in the United States, as they have historically held a disproportionate amount of power and privilege in society. This is due in part to their numerical majority and their historic control of political, economic, and cultural institutions. While there is increasing diversity within the white population in the U.S., the legacy of white dominance remains a significant factor in shaping social and political dynamics.

Question 4

Historically,persons of color have been considered to be______________members in the United States,particularly when they are from lower-income categories.

Accepted Answer

Historically, persons of color have been considered to be subordinate-group members in the United States, particularly when they are from lower-income categories. This means they have less power, resources, and status compared to the dominant or majority group.

Question 5

Ethnic groups share all of the following main characteristics EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Ethnic groups do not necessarily share identical genetic heritage. While they may share common ancestry or cultural practices, ethnic groups can be formed through a variety of factors, such as shared history, religion, language, or geography. Therefore, choice C is not a main characteristic of ethnic groups.

Question 6

When Puerto Rico became a possession of the United States in 1917,Puerto Ricans acquired
U.S.citizenship and the right to move freely to and from the mainland.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The Jones-Shafroth Act of 1917 granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship and the right to travel freely between the island and the mainland.

Question 7

______________ is a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior,often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color,hair texture,eye shape,or other subjectively selected attributes.

Accepted Answer

Race is the category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes. Ethnic group refers to a group of people who share a common cultural or national identity, Tribal group refers to a group of people who share a common ancestry or language, and Culture refers to the shared beliefs, practices, customs, and behaviors of a group or society.

Question 8

______________ is blatant and may take the form of public statements about the "inferiority" of members of a racial or ethnic group.

Accepted Answer

Overt racism is the most blatant form of racism, where individuals or groups openly make derogatory statements, use racial slurs or engage in discriminatory actions without any attempt to hide their intentions.

Question 9

______________ is a set of attitudes,beliefs,and practices that is used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group.

Accepted Answer

Racism is a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group. Prejudice refers to preconceived opinions or attitudes towards a particular group, while discrimination involves the unfair treatment of individuals based on their membership in a particular group. Stereotyping involves making generalized assumptions about a group of people based on their perceived characteristics. While all of these concepts are related, racism specifically refers to the systemic and institutionalized discrimination against a particular racial or ethnic group.

Question 10

Since 1970,many immigrants have arrived in the United States from countries located in the "Middle East," which is the geographic region from Afghanistan to Libya and includes Arabia,Cyprus,and Asiatic Turkey.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Many immigrants have arrived in the United States from the Middle East region since 1970.

Question 11

In sports,calling a player of color a derogatory name,participating in racist chanting during a sporting event,and writing racist graffiti in a team's locker room are all forms of____________________________racism.

Accepted Answer

Overt racism refers to behaviors that are clearly and explicitly discriminatory, such as using derogatory language, participating in racist chanting, and writing racist graffiti.

Question 12

To sociologists,a______________is one whose members,because of physical or cultural characteristics,are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the controlling group,and therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question clearly suggests that the group being referred to is a subordinate group. The other options, such as dominant or majority group do not fit the given definition. There is no such thing as a multilateral group in sociology, so option B can also be ruled out. Therefore, the best choice is C, subordinate group.

Question 13

Historically,stratification based on race and ethnicity has pervaded all aspects of political,economics,and social life.Consider sports as an example.Even after______________broke the "color line" in 1947 to become the first African American in Major League Baseball,his experience was marred by racial slurs,hate letters,and death threats.

Accepted Answer

Jackie Robinson is well-known for breaking the color barrier in Major League Baseball in 1947. He faced significant racism and discrimination during his career, including verbal abuse, hate mail, and death threats.

Question 14

Despite high levels of achievement,Iranian and Arab Americans have experienced persistent discrimination in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies and reports have documented instances of discrimination and prejudice against Iranian and Arab Americans, despite their significant contributions and successes in various fields.

Question 15

The first wave of Cuban immigrants to the United States were mostly former prisoners and patients of mental hospitals in Cuba.Their arrival fueled an upsurge in prejudice against all Cuban Americans.

Accepted Answer

While the first wave of Cuban immigrants did include former prisoners and patients of mental hospitals, it did not necessarily fuel an upsurge in prejudice against all Cuban Americans. This statement is an oversimplification and not completely accurate.

Question 16

From a sociological perspective,______________is a negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of selected racial and ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to a negative attitude or feeling held toward members of a particular group, often based on stereotypes and generalizations rather than personal experience or knowledge. Discrimination refers to unfair treatment or actions taken against individuals or groups based on their membership in a particular group. Stereotyping involves making assumptions about individuals based on their membership in a particular group, often without regard for individual differences or characteristics. Profiling involves making judgments about individuals based on characteristics such as race, ethnicity, or religion, often in the context of law enforcement or security measures. While all of these concepts are related, prejudice specifically refers to negative attitudes or feelings.

Question 17

All of the following sports team names are examples of stereotypes EXCEPT the:

Accepted Answer

While the Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, and Washington Redskins are all team names that rely on Native American stereotypes, the Pittsburgh Penguins do not perpetuate any negative stereotypes.

Question 18

Ethnocentrism is maintained and perpetuated by______________,which is/are overgeneralization(s)about the appearance,behavior,or other characteristics of members of particular categories.

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are overgeneralizations about a group of people based on their appearance, behavior, or other characteristics. These can be either positive or negative and can lead to ethnocentrism, where one's own culture is seen as superior to others. Prejudices and discrimination are also factors that can contribute to ethnocentrism, but they are not specifically related to overgeneralizations. Profiling is a specific type of discrimination based on someone's characteristics or behavior.

Question 19

To sociologists,a______________is one that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society.

Accepted Answer

A dominant group is one that holds power, privilege, and authority in a society. They have access to superior resources and enjoy more rights than minority or subordinate groups.

Question 20

Many prominent race scholars think that it is important to ignore race in order to eliminate racism.

Accepted Answer

Many prominent race scholars believe that ignoring race can actually perpetuate racism by ignoring the systemic and historical factors that have led to racial inequities. Instead, they advocate for actively recognizing and addressing race in order to challenge and dismantle racist systems.

Quiz 10: Race and Ethnicity