Question 1

Someone deciding, by privately reviewing the pros and cons of each, whether to watch TV or read a book on a particular occasion is showing respondent thinking.

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes reflective thinking, where an individual deliberates on the options and their outcomes before making a decision, rather than respondent thinking, which is a reaction to stimuli.

Question 2

___________approach is to teach the client to use internal stimuli as SDs for engaging in appropriate self-instruction, counteract negative self-statements in the presence of the stressful situation, self-instruct the steps for taking appropriate action, and make self- reinforcing statements after successful coping.
A)Beck's
B)Meichenbaum's
C)Ellis's
D)D'Zurilla's

Accepted Answer

This approach is consistent with Meichenbaum's stress inoculation training, which focuses on teaching coping skills and strategies to manage stress and anxiety. The approach involves teaching clients to use self-instruction and positive self-reinforcement to cope with stress. Beck's cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative automatic thoughts, Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy focuses on challenging irrational beliefs, and D'Zurilla's problem-solving therapy focuses on teaching clients a systematic approach to problem-solving.

Question 3

Dialectical Behavior therapy basically involves teaching clients to counteract irrational self- statements with more positive and realistic statements.

Accepted Answer

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) focuses on teaching clients skills in mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotional regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness, rather than primarily countering irrational self-statements with positive ones, which is more characteristic of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

Question 4

Self-instruction and problem-solving methods are likely to be effective when they capitalize on___________that leads to effective consequences.
A)contingency-shaped behavior
B)cognitive restructuring
C)rational thinking
D)rule-governed behavior

Accepted Answer

Self-instruction and problem-solving methods are effective when they utilize rule-governed behavior, as this approach involves following explicit verbal or written instructions to achieve desired outcomes, aligning with the principles of effective consequences through structured guidance.

Question 5

An approach to therapy that involves teaching clients that past attempts to control troublesome thoughts and emotions have not been successful, that mindfulness and acceptance exercises can teach the client to experience and non-judgmentally embrace thoughts and emotions, and that in spite of troublesome thoughts and emotions, clients can be encouraged to identify life values and to take steps to pursue them, is referred to as:
A)acceptance and commitment therapy
B)cognitive therapy
C)cognitive restructuring
D)problem solving therapy

Accepted Answer

The approach described in the question is characteristic of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). This therapy emphasizes mindfulness and acceptance exercises to help clients experience thoughts and emotions without attempting to control them, and encourages clients to identify and pursue their values in spite of challenging thoughts and feelings. Cognitive therapy (B) often focuses on challenging and changing negative thought patterns, and cognitive restructuring (C) involves actively changing maladaptive thought patterns. Problem solving therapy (D) aims to identify and solve practical problems.

Question 6

If a client believes that everyone he meets turns away from him in disgust, a therapist may help him to devise a system for judging other people's facial expressions and body language so that the client can objectively determine whether or not his beliefs are indeed accurate.This is one of the techniques used in:
A)behavior therapy
B)thought-stopping therapy
C)rational-emotive therapy
D)Beck's cognitive therapy

Accepted Answer

This technique of helping the client to objectively analyze and challenge their beliefs by examining evidence for and against them is a hallmark of Beck's cognitive therapy.

Question 7

A client who believes that everyone he meets turns away from him in disgust learns to say to himself, "I'll watch their facial expressions and body language, and then I can prove to myself that they're not disgusted with me," and then follows this guide.A radical behaviorist would refer to this as an example of:
A)rational-emotive therapy
B)contingency-shaped behavior
C)Beck's cognitive therapy
D)rule-governed behavior

Accepted Answer

This is an example of rule-governed behavior, as the client is following a specific self-instruction or rule, in this case to watch for facial expressions and body language to disprove their belief that others are disgusted by them.

Question 8

The two major assumptions of cognitive therapy are that individuals interpret and react to events in terms of their perceived significance, and that cognitive deficiencies can cause emotional disorders.

Accepted Answer

This is a accurate statement of the two major assumptions of cognitive therapy.

Question 9

Regarding the cognitive restructuring component of Beck's cognitive therapy, an increasing amount of research suggests that:
A)it is not an effective ingredient of Beck's therapy for treating depression
B)it is an important component of Beck's therapy for treating depression
C)it is an important component for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)it is an important component for treating agoraphobia

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding the cognitive restructuring component of Beck's...

Question 10

Martin and Pear believe that, except for being more difficult to "get at," private behavior is the same as public behavior, i.e., the principles and procedures applicable to private behavior are fundamentally the same as those that apply to public behavior.

Accepted Answer

Martin and Pear believe that private behavior is fundamentally the same as public behavior, except that it may be more difficult to observe or access. Therefore, the principles and procedures that apply to public behavior can also be applied to private behavior.

Question 11

___________procedures are used to teach individuals that they can feel their feelings and think their thoughts even though they may be aversive, and still take constructive action to pursue one's values and life goals.
A)Mindfulness
B)Cognitive therapy
C)Stress inoculation
D)Acceptance

Accepted Answer

The procedure described in the statement is known as Acceptance-based methods, which involves learning to accept and tolerate uncomfortable thoughts and feelings while still taking action towards one's goals and values. Mindfulness, cognitive therapy, and stress inoculation are all related but do not fully encompass this approach.

Question 12

Drawing a conclusion on the basis of inadequate evidence, such as misinterpreting a frown on the face of a passerby to mean that the passerby is expressing disapproval, is an example of what Beck called:
A)dichotomous thinking
B)irrational thinking
C)arbitrary inference
D)irrational inference

Accepted Answer

Beck called this type of thinking arbitrary inference, which is when a conclusion is drawn without sufficient evidence to support it.

Question 13

A type of behavior therapy originally developed for treating suicidal individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is known as:
A)acceptance and commitment therapy
B)cognitive restructuring behavior
C)dialectical behavior therapy
D)problem-solving therapy

Accepted Answer

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was originally developed for treating suicidal individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. It combines cognitive-behavioral techniques with mindfulness and acceptance-based strategies. DBT has been shown to be effective in reducing suicidal behavior and improving overall functioning in individuals with borderline personality disorder.

Question 14

When you arrive at a party, you think to yourself, "I'm glad lots of people are dancing, I hate to just sit around." This is an example of:
A)operant thinking
B)respondent thinking
C)positive thinking
D)cognitive thinking

Accepted Answer

The answer of When you arrive at a party, you...

Question 15

Therapeutic approaches that incorporate concepts of "mindfulness" and "acceptance" are part of what Stephen Hayes has referred to as the___________ wave of behavioral approaches to therapy:
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Accepted Answer

Stephen Hayes describes mindfulness and acceptance-based behavioral therapies as part of the third wave of behavioral approaches to therapy, which also includes cognitive-behavioral approaches and behavioral activation therapies. The first wave of behavioral therapy focused on behavior modification, while the second wave focused on cognitive-behavioral approaches.

Question 16

Thinking in absolute terms, such as assuming that one is a failure for getting any grade less than an "A," is an example of what Beck called:
A)rational-emotive thinking
B)irrational thinking
C)dichotomous thinking
D)arbitrary inference

Accepted Answer

Dichotomous thinking, also known as black-and-white thinking, involves viewing situations in all-or-nothing terms, with no middle ground or room for nuance. This type of thinking can lead to rigid and unrealistic expectations, as well as negative self-evaluations.

Question 17

In cases where cognitive restructuring is effective, it may be because the therapist teaches the client to rehearse rules that identify specific behaviors that are likely to be maintained in the natural environment.This is interpretation.
A)Beck's
B)Ellis's
C)a behavioral
D)a cognitive

Accepted Answer

The statement refers to the use of specific behaviors and their maintenance in the natural environment, which is a hallmark of behavioral therapy. Therefore, the best choice is a behavioral approach, ruling out options A and B, which are both cognitive approaches. Option D is also a cognitive approach, but the specific language used in the statement aligns more closely with the principles of behavioral therapy.

Question 18

What two approaches assume that a client's difficulty is caused by some type of inappropriate thought pattern and the problem may stem from the client's tendency to exaggerate unpleasant things?
A)Beck's cognitive therapy and Ellis's REBT
B)Ellis's RET and Meichenbaum's self-instructional approach
C)Beck's cognitive therapy and Meichenbaum's self-instructional approach
D)Ellis's cognitive therapy and Beck's RET

Accepted Answer

Both Beck's cognitive therapy and Ellis's REBT assume that a client's difficulty is caused by some type of inappropriate thought pattern and the problem may stem from the client's tendency to exaggerate unpleasant things.

Question 19

Approaches that focus on substituting rational thoughts and appraisal of information for irrational or dysfunctional thinking are referred to as:
A)cognitive restructuring
B)situational inducement
C)contingency shaping
D)problem solving

Accepted Answer

Cognitive restructuring involves identifying and replacing irrational or dysfunctional thoughts with more realistic and rational ones, in order to improve emotional and behavioral responses. Situational inducement involves manipulating the environment or circumstances to encourage certain behaviors, contingency shaping involves reinforcing desired behaviors through rewards or consequences, and problem solving involves identifying and resolving specific problems or challenges.

Question 20

A client uses stimuli produced both by a stressful situation and by his own behavior in that situation as SDs for instructing himself to engage in appropriate coping behavior.This is an example of:
A)Ellis's rational-emotive therapy
B)Meichenbaum's self-instructional therapy
C)Beck's cognitive therapy
D)Wolpe's thought-stopping therapy

Accepted Answer

This is an example of Meichenbaum's self-instructional therapy, in which the client learns to guide their own behavior through self-talk and self-instruction using stimuli from their environment. Ellis's rational-emotive therapy focuses on identifying and changing irrational beliefs, Beck's cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and correcting distorted thinking patterns, and Wolpe's thought-stopping therapy involves interrupting and replacing negative thoughts. None of these approaches involve using stimuli from the environment and one's own behavior as SDs for self-instruction.

Quiz 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

Someone deciding, by privately reviewing the pros and cons of each, whether to watch TV or read a book on a particular occasion is showing respondent thinking.

Dialectical Behavior therapy basically involves teaching clients to counteract irrational self- statements with more positive and realistic statements.

Self-instruction and problem-solving methods are likely to be effective when they capitalize on___________that leads to effective consequences.

The two major assumptions of cognitive therapy are that individuals interpret and react to events in terms of their perceived significance, and that cognitive deficiencies can cause emotional disorders.

Regarding the cognitive restructuring component of Beck's cognitive therapy, an increasing amount of research suggests that:

Martin and Pear believe that, except for being more difficult to "get at," private behavior is the same as public behavior, i.e., the principles and procedures applicable to private behavior are fundamentally the same as those that apply to public behavior.

___________procedures are used to teach individuals that they can feel their feelings and think their thoughts even though they may be aversive, and still take constructive action to pursue one's values and life goals.

Drawing a conclusion on the basis of inadequate evidence, such as misinterpreting a frown on the face of a passerby to mean that the passerby is expressing disapproval, is an example of what Beck called:

A type of behavior therapy originally developed for treating suicidal individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is known as:

When you arrive at a party, you think to yourself, "I'm glad lots of people are dancing, I hate to just sit around." This is an example of:

Therapeutic approaches that incorporate concepts of "mindfulness" and "acceptance" are part of what Stephen Hayes has referred to as the___________ wave of behavioral approaches to therapy:

Thinking in absolute terms, such as assuming that one is a failure for getting any grade less than an "A," is an example of what Beck called:

In cases where cognitive restructuring is effective, it may be because the therapist teaches the client to rehearse rules that identify specific behaviors that are likely to be maintained in the natural environment.This is interpretation.

What two approaches assume that a client's difficulty is caused by some type of inappropriate thought pattern and the problem may stem from the client's tendency to exaggerate unpleasant things?

Approaches that focus on substituting rational thoughts and appraisal of information for irrational or dysfunctional thinking are referred to as:

A client uses stimuli produced both by a stressful situation and by his own behavior in that situation as SDs for instructing himself to engage in appropriate coping behavior.This is an example of: