Question 1

Conditioned seeing involves the respondent component of thinking.

Accepted Answer

Conditioned seeing refers to the process of perceiving and interpreting visual stimuli based on learned associations and past experiences. The respondent component of thinking involves automatic, reflexive responses to stimuli, which can influence conditioned seeing. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 2

In studies of newborn infants, gagging occurs when the back of the mouth is touched.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Gagging reflexes are a natural response to anything that touches the back of the mouth and throat, and is present from birth. It is a protective reflex designed to prevent choking or aspiration of foreign objects.

Question 3

The way that you learn to express an emotion is influenced by:
A)avoidance conditioning
B)respondent conditioning
C)operant conditioning
D)escape conditioning

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning is the process of learning through rewards and punishments. When we express an emotion, we often receive either positive or negative reinforcement, which can affect how we express that emotion in the future. For example, if we express anger and are rewarded with something we want, we may be more likely to express anger in the future. Similarly, if we receive punishment for expressing sadness, we may be less likely to express sadness in the future. Therefore, the way we learn to express emotions is influenced by operant conditioning.  Avoidance conditioning, respondent conditioning, and escape conditioning are all processes of learning, but they do not directly relate to the expression of emotions.

Question 4

The emotion called joy (or happiness)is caused by:
A)presentation of aversive stimuli
B)withdrawal of aversive stimuli
C)presentation of reinforcers
D)withdrawal of reinforcers

Accepted Answer

Joy or happiness is typically caused by the presentation of reinforcers. These can include things like receiving praise, accomplishing a goal, or experiencing something pleasurable. The other options, such as the presentation or withdrawal of aversive stimuli or reinforcers, are more likely to elicit negative emotions like fear, anxiety, or frustration.

Question 5

The respondent component of emotions involves that part of our nervous system referred to as the somatic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The respondent component of emotions involves the autonomic nervous system, not the somatic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate and digestion, which are often affected by emotional states.

Question 6

The way that you become aware of and describe your emotions is influenced by:
A)avoidance conditioning
B)respondent conditioning
C)escape conditioning
D)operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences, such as rewards and punishments. The way we describe our emotions may be influenced by the positive or negative consequences we have experienced in the past. For example, if we were rewarded for expressing certain emotions, we may be more likely to continue expressing those emotions in the future. On the other hand, if we were punished for expressing certain emotions, we may be less likely to express those emotions in the future.

Question 7

Suppose, on a warm summer day, you close your eyes and imagine that you are at the beach, and you visualize a good looking person in a bathing suit.This is an example of:
A)operant thinking
B)operant feelings
C)respondent thinking
D)respondent feelings

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes respondent thinking, which is a type of thought process that is triggered by a specific stimulus (in this case, the beach) and leads to automatic thoughts or mental images (in this case, visualizing a person in a bathing suit). Respondent thinking is involuntary and reflexive, as opposed to operant thinking, which is intentional and goal-oriented. Operant feelings and respondent feelings are not relevant to this scenario, as it only involves mental imagery and not emotional states.

Question 8

Suppose, on seeing the host at a party, you think to yourself, "He has a big nose." This would be an example of:
A)operant thinking
B)respondent thinking
C)conditioned seeing
D)conditioned sensing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose, on seeing the host at a...

Question 9

The procedure of covert sensitization was developed by:
A)Cautella
B)Skinner
C)Bandura
D)Pavlov

Accepted Answer

Covert sensitization was developed by Joseph Cautella, a psychologist who was inspired by the behaviorism theory. He developed this technique as a way to help individuals get rid of unwanted behaviors through negative associations.

Question 10

Withdrawal of punishing events causes an emotion called anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal of punishing events typically leads to relief or a reduction in anxiety, not the cause of anxiety. Anxiety is more often related to anticipation of future threats or negative outcomes, not the removal of punishment.

Question 11

The child hears the bell (which rings continuously)of an ice cream wagon, goes out to the street and buys ice cream, bites the ice cream, and salivates.The sound of the bell will become a(n)for going to the street to buy ice cream.
A)CS
B)US
C)CR
D) $\mathrm { S } ^ {D }$

Accepted Answer

The answer of The child hears the bell (which rings...

Question 12

A form of aversion therapy in which an undesirable reinforcer is repeatedly paired with an aversive event is referred to as:
A)thought stopping
B)conditioned sensing
C)aversive conditioning
D)covert sensitization

Accepted Answer

The answer of A form of aversion therapy in which...

Question 13

In studies of newborn infants, flinging out the arms sideways is a CR to a loud sound.

Accepted Answer

The flinging out of the arms sideways in response to a loud sound is a reflex action known as the Moro reflex, which is an unconditioned response (UR), not a conditioned response (CR).

Question 14

In studies of newborn infants, the eye being touched is a CS for blinking.

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, a conditioned stimulus (CS) is a previously neutral stimulus that, after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR). The eye being touched is more likely an unconditioned stimulus (US) that naturally causes blinking, which is an unconditioned response (UR).

Question 15

The feeling component of our emotions is controlled by respondent conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Respondent conditioning, also known as classical conditioning, involves the association between a neutral stimulus and an automatic response. In the case of emotions, this can result in the conditioned response of feeling a certain way in response to a particular trigger or event. Therefore, the feeling component of our emotions is influenced by respondent conditioning.

Question 16

Conditioned sensing involves the operant component of thinking.

Accepted Answer

Conditioned sensing involves the respondent component of thinking, not the operant component. It is related to automatic responses to stimuli rather than behaviors that are influenced by their consequences.

Question 17

Withdrawal of reinforcers causes the emotion called anger.

Accepted Answer

When a reinforcer, which is something that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring, is taken away or withdrawn, it can lead to the emotion of anger. This is because the individual has become accustomed to receiving the reinforcer and now feels frustrated or deprived without it.

Question 18

The child hears the bell (which rings continuously)of an ice cream wagon, goes out to the street and buys ice cream, bites the ice cream, and salivates.The sound of the bell will become a(n)for the response of salivation.
A)CS
B)US
C)CR
D) $\mathrm { S } ^ { \mathrm { D } }$

Accepted Answer

The sound of the bell has become a conditioned stimulus (CS) for the response of salivation, as it has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US) of ice cream, resulting in the conditioned response (CR) of salivation.

Question 19

For most of us, an imminent deadline that we have not yet responded to is a CS for
anxiety.

Accepted Answer

It is common for an impending deadline to cause anxiety in most people who have not responded to it yet.

Question 20

The autonomic reaction that you feel inside during the experience of an emotion is influenced by:
A)operant conditioning
B)respondent conditioning
C)avoidance conditioning
D)escape conditioning

Accepted Answer

Respondent conditioning is the type of conditioning that involves the automatic or reflexive response of the autonomic nervous system to a particular stimulus, such as feeling your heart rate increase when you are scared. This type of conditioning can also create associations between stimuli that lead to the experience of emotions, such as associating the sound of a dog barking with fear due to past experiences with aggressive dogs. Operant conditioning, avoidance conditioning, and escape conditioning involve the learning of behaviors and consequences or rewards, rather than the automatic physiological responses associated with emotions.

Quiz 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

Conditioned seeing involves the respondent component of thinking.

In studies of newborn infants, gagging occurs when the back of the mouth is touched.

The way that you learn to express an emotion is influenced by:

The emotion called joy (or happiness) is caused by:

The respondent component of emotions involves that part of our nervous system referred to as the somatic nervous system.

The way that you become aware of and describe your emotions is influenced by:

Suppose, on a warm summer day, you close your eyes and imagine that you are at the beach, and you visualize a good looking person in a bathing suit.This is an example of:

Suppose, on seeing the host at a party, you think to yourself, "He has a big nose." This would be an example of:

The procedure of covert sensitization was developed by:

Withdrawal of punishing events causes an emotion called anxiety.

The child hears the bell (which rings continuously) of an ice cream wagon, goes out to the street and buys ice cream, bites the ice cream, and salivates.The sound of the bell will become a(n) for going to the street to buy ice cream.

A form of aversion therapy in which an undesirable reinforcer is repeatedly paired with an aversive event is referred to as:

In studies of newborn infants, flinging out the arms sideways is a CR to a loud sound.

In studies of newborn infants, the eye being touched is a CS for blinking.

The feeling component of our emotions is controlled by respondent conditioning.

Conditioned sensing involves the operant component of thinking.

Withdrawal of reinforcers causes the emotion called anger.

The child hears the bell (which rings continuously) of an ice cream wagon, goes out to the street and buys ice cream, bites the ice cream, and salivates.The sound of the bell will become a(n) for the response of salivation.

For most of us, an imminent deadline that we have not yet responded to is a CS for anxiety.

The autonomic reaction that you feel inside during the experience of an emotion is influenced by: