Quiz 2: Atoms, Elements, and Minerals
Geology/Geography/Oceanography/Atmospheric Sciences
Q 1Q 1
A mineral is defined as a crystalline solid that is naturally occurring, has a specific chemical composition and forms through geologic processes.
Free
True False
True
Q 2Q 2
The innermost energy level in the standard model of an atom is full when it possesses eight electrons.
Free
True False
False
Free
True False
False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Q 13Q 13
Non-silicate minerals are more abundant in the deeper parts of Earth's crust than in the crust as a whole.
Free
True False
Q 14Q 14
The quality and intensity of light that is reflected from the surface of a mineral is termed luster.
Free
True False
Q 15Q 15
A mineral specimen with a Mohs hardness of 5 can scratch a mineral specimen with a hardness of 3.
Free
True False
Q 16Q 16
Minerals that have the same chemical composition but have different crystalline structures exhibit polymorphism
Free
True False
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True False
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True False
Q 19Q 19
Specific gravity is the ratio of a mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of air.
Free
True False
Q 20Q 20
The crystal form of a mineral is a set of faces that have a definite geometric relationship to one another.
Free
True False
Q 21Q 21
In order for a particular type of material to be classified as a mineral, it must ____.
A) be a solid
B) occur naturally
C) have a crystalline structure
D) have a definite chemical composition
E) All of the answers are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
The atomic number of an element equals the number of _____ in each atom.
A) electrons
B) neutrons
C) protons
D) Answers neutrons and protons are both correct; answer a is not correct.
E) Answers electrons, neutrons and protons are all correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
The atomic mass number of an atom is the total number of ___ in the atom.
A) electrons
B) neutrons
C) protons
D) protons and neutrons
E) protons, neutrons, and electrons
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
_______ of an element are atoms containing different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons.
A) Ions
B) Classes
C) Particles
D) Isotopes
E) Varieties
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
The atomic mass number of common oxygen is 16 because it has ___ protons and ___ neutrons.
A) 7; 9
B) 8; 8
C) 9; 7
D) 5; 11
E) 10; 6
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
The isotope composition of _____ in foraminifera shells from sediment cores are used to determine climate change in Earth history.
A) oxygen
B) carbon
C) uranium
D) lead
E) helium
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are __.
A) iron and magnesium
B) carbon and hydrogen
C) carbon and oxygen
D) hydrogen and oxygen
E) oxygen and silicon
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
When seawater evaporates, its sodium and chlorine are electronically attracted to one another and crystallize into ___.
A) quartz
B) halite
C) clay
D) calcite
E) hematite
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
The mineral ___ reacts with weak hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas, i.e., it effervesces (fizzes) in dilute acid.
A) calcite
B) feldspar
C) quartz
D) biotite
E) amphibole
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
The _____ group and the ___ group are sheet silicates characterized by one direction of cleavage.
A) amphibole; pyroxene
B) feldspar; quartz
C) olivine; plagioclase
D) mica; clay
E) carbonate; sulfide
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
Two examples of framework silicates are _____ and ______.
A) calcite; dolomite
B) olivine; pyroxene
C) quartz; feldspar
D) biotite; muscovite
E) amphibole; olivine
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
_____ is the ability of a mineral to break, when struck or split, along preferred planar directions.
A) Cleavage
B) Crystal form
C) Facets
D) Planes
E) Form
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
A silica tetrahedron is composed of four atoms of the element ___ and one atom of __.
A) silicon; aluminum
B) silicon; oxygen
C) silicon; iron
D) oxygen; silicon
E) aluminum; silicon
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
The common mineral ___ is an example of an isolated silica tetrahedron structure.
A) amphibole
B) feldspar
C) olivine
D) pyroxene
E) mica (biotite, muscovite, etc.)
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
Five of the six minerals collectively known as asbestos contain single chains of silica tetrahedral and belong to the _______.
A) amphiboles
B) feldspars
C) olivines
D) pyroxenes
E) micas
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
The ______ group of minerals is characterized by two parallel chains of silica tetrahedra in their structure.
A) amphibole
B) feldspar
C) olivine
D) pyroxene
E) mica (biotite, muscovite, etc.)
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
The _____ group of minerals are sheet silicates.
A) amphibole
B) feldspar
C) olivine
D) pyroxene
E) mica
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
Non-silicate minerals include the halides like _____.
A) calcite
B) halite
C) magnetite
D) pyrite
E) gypsum
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
The mineral ___ is an example of a native element.
A) quartz
B) feldspar
C) calcite
D) graphite
E) halite
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
A pulverized mineral (usually on a piece of white unglazed porcelain) gives a color called its ____, that is usually more reliable than the color of the specimen itself.
A) dust
B) chroma
C) streak
D) smear
E) powder
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
The softest mineral on Mohs' hardness scale is ____.
A) gypsum
B) talc
C) diamond
D) quartz
E) mica
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
What is the special property of the mineral halite?
A) It has 5 directions of cleavage.
B) It has a hardness of -3.
C) It can transmit electricity.
D) It tastes like salt.
E) It has an extremely high melting temperature.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
____ has the property of generating electricity when squeezed in a certain crystallographic direction.
A) Copper
B) Mica
C) Amphibole
D) Gold
E) Quartz
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
The hardest mineral has a hardness of ___ on Mohs' relative hardness scale.
A) 1
B) 10
C) 100
D) 1000
E) 10000
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
In some minerals the bonds are equally strong in all directions, therefore they have no cleavage but instead _____ along irregular surfaces that are commonly curved.
A) luminesce
B) chip
C) flatten
D) bend
E) fracture
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
The third most abundant element in the Earth's crust is ______; it is more common than iron.
A) magnesium
B) aluminum
C) calcium
D) fluorine
E) tin
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
The mineral ___ is strongly magnetic.
A) calcite
B) pyrite
C) magnetite
D) magnesite
E) quartz
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
_______ and sapphire are both varieties of the common mineral corundum.
A) Emerald
B) Turquoise
C) Ruby
D) Beryl
E) Peridot
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
______ is an expansive (swells when wet) clay mineral.
A) Quartz
B) Olivine
C) Pyroxene
D) Montmorillonite
E) Mica
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
____ is the most common element in the Earth's crust.
A) Oxygen
B) Iron
C) Magnesium
D) Hydrogen
E) Fluorine
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
Some minerals have the same chemical composition but different crystal structures, a phenomenon termed _______.
A) alteration
B) recrystallization
C) metamorphism
D) isotopes
E) polymorphism
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
____, a Danish naturalist, was the first to note that the angle between two adjacent faces of a crystal of quartz is always exactly the same.
A) Einstein
B) Steno
C) Plummer
D) McGeary
E) Carlson
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a mineral to the mass of an equal volume of __.
A) liquid water
B) solid water
C) quartz
D) diamond
E) air
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
Plagioclase feldspar commonly exhibits __, straight, parallel lines on the flat surfaces of one of the two cleavage directions.
A) parallelograms
B) grooves
C) lamitations
D) striations
E) laminations
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
____ elements make up 98% of the Earth's crust.
A) Fourteen
B) Ninety-two
C) Two
D) Twenty
E) Eight
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
_______ are the smallest electrically neutral assemblies of matter and energy that we know of in the universe.
A) Isotopes
B) Atoms
C) Ions
D) Electrons
E) Protons
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
The most common minerals in the Earth's crust are the _______.
A) silicates
B) carbonates
C) halides
D) sulfides
E) sulfates
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Multiple Choice