Quiz 6: Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks
Geology/Geography/Oceanography/Atmospheric Sciences
Q 1Q 1
Sedimentary rocks can form from the deposition of solid particles eroded from pre-existing rock or from the deposition of the hard parts of organisms.
Free
True False
True
Q 2Q 2
Sediments are unconsolidated, which means the grains are separate and unattached to one another.
Free
True False
True
Free
True False
True
Free
True False
Q 5Q 5
Lithification is the general term for the processes that convert loose sediment into a sedimentary rock.
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Q 8Q 8
Detrital sedimentary rocks form from cemented sedimentary grains that are fragments of a preexisting rock.
Free
True False
Q 9Q 9
Sedimentary breccia is a sedimentary rock formed by cementation of coarse angular fragments of rubble.
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Q 15Q 15
Sorting is the process by which sediment grains are selected and separated according to grain size.
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Q 18Q 18
Sedimentary structures are features found in sedimentary rocks that provide clues that help interpret their transport and deposition.
Free
True False
Q 19Q 19
The principle of superposition states that in a stack of horizontal layers the oldest layer is on top.
Free
True False
Free
True False
Q 21Q 21
In order of decreasing size (largest listed first), sedimentary grain sizes include __.
A) clay, sand, silt, and gravel
B) gravel, sand, clay, and silt
C) sand, gravel, silt, and clay
D) gravel, sand, silt, and clay
E) gravel, silt, sand, and clay
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
_____ is a coarse-grained sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of rounded gravel.
A) Breccia
B) Mega sandstone
C) Pebble rock
D) Boulder rock
E) Conglomerate
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
Silt is mostly composed of ___ grains.
A) clay mineral
B) feldspar
C) quartz
D) mica
E) calcite
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
Sand grains can be distinguished from silt grain by ____.
A) the gritty feel between the teeth
B) seeing the individual sand grains
C) composition of the grains
D) the gritty feel between the fingers.
E) only by a microscope
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
Under what conditions is a sediment considered to be well-sorted?
A) when the grains contains a wide variety of grain sizes mixed together
B) when the grains contains just one general grain size and one mineral
C) when the grains are in individual layers
D) when the grains are nearly all the same size
E) when the grains contain just one or two general grain sizes
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
____ is the process by which sediment grains are selected and separated according to grain size by agent of transportation.
A) Sorting
B) Grading
C) Distillating
D) Selection
E) Segregation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
_____ is a term that describes a series of visible layers in sedimentary rock.
A) Units
B) Tables
C) Sheets
D) Planes
E) Bedding
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
______ is the shift to a tighter packing of sediment grains due to the weight of overburden.
A) Cementation
B) Recrystallization
C) Preservation
D) Compaction
E) Deposition
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
______ is the general term for the processes that convert loose sediment into sedimentary rock.
A) Gluing
B) Hardening
C) Crystallization
D) Lithification
E) Stiffening
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
The most common cements are _____ and ____.
A) hematite; limonite
B) dolomite; halite
C) calcite; quartz
D) olivine; pyroxene
E) feldspar; mica
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
The most common type of sedimentary rocks are ____.
A) inorganic
B) detrital
C) chemical
D) biochemical
E) carbonates
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
A sedimentary rock that consists of sediment grains bound by cement into a rigid framework is called _______.
A) crystalline
B) clastic
C) biochemical
D) organic
E) recycled
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
_______ is an organic rock formed from the compression and alteration of plant remains such as leaves, twigs, and tree trunks.
A) Crystalline
B) Clastic
C) Bioclastics
D) Coal
E) Recycled
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
___ is a sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of coarse angular fragments of rubble.
A) Breccia
B) Conglomerate
C) Boulder rock
D) Arkose
E) Cataclastic
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
______ are sedimentary rocks deposited by direct precipitation of minerals from water.
A) Hydro rocks
B) Clastic rocks
C) Chemical rocks
D) Aquatic rocks
E) Biologic rocks
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
A(n) ___ is sandstone containing a significant amount of feldspar.
A) marble
B) quartz sandstone
C) graywacke
D) shale
E) arkose
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
A(n) ______ is sandstone in which more than 15% of the rock's volume consists of fine-grained matrix.
A) quartz sandstone
B) quartzite
C) graywacke
D) oolitic limestone
E) arkose
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
A _____ is a layer of sedimentary rock with a vertical change in particle size, usually from coarse at the bottom to fine at the top.
A) patterned bed
B) cross bed
C) sorted bed
D) graded bed
E) schist
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
_____ form(s) only in fine-grained sediments that are exposed to air.
A) Cross beds
B) Cleavage
C) Mudcracks
D) Bedding
E) Ripples
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
Carbonate rocks contain the _____ ion as part of their chemical composition.
A) CaO32-
B) CO32-
C) CaCO32-
D) limestone
E) Carbonate rocks do not contain ions.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
The two primary types of carbonate sedimentary rocks are ___ and dolostone.
A) dolomite
B) gypsum
C) coal
D) limestone
E) sandstone
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
_______ sediments are deposited or precipitated as a result of the actions of organisms.
A) Biochemical
B) Pyroclastic
C) Hyaloclastic
D) Siliciclastic
E) Calciclastic
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
_______ limestones are precipitated through the actions of organisms.
A) Hyaloclastic
B) Calciclastic
C) Bioclastic
D) Siliciclastic
E) Pyroclastic
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
_____ are precipitated as a result of inorganic processes.
A) Chalks
B) Oolitic limestones
C) Coals
D) Calcic sandstones
E) Fossiliferous limestones
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
____ limestones have a clastic texture.
A) Fossiliferous
B) Bioclastic
C) Inorganic
D) Chemical
E) Oolitic
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
___ is a hard, compact, very fine-grained sedimentary rock composed entirely of silica.
A) Tuff
B) Chalk
C) Chert
D) Travertine
E) Claystone
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
Rock salt is composed of the mineral ______.
A) calcite
B) trona
C) dolomite
D) halite
E) gypsum
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
Peat is a brown lightweight unconsolidated deposit that ultimately can transform into ____.
A) bogolite
B) swampstone
C) crude oil
D) shale
E) coal
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
The principle of ___ holds that, in a stack of horizontal layers the oldest layer is on the bottom and the layers become younger upward.
A) supposition
B) superposition
C) superannualation
D) original horizontality
E) bedding
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
Oil and natural gas originate from _____ in marine sediments.
A) peat
B) the earth's interior
C) organic matter
D) coal
E) comet impacts
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
___ are features found within sedimentary rock that formed during or shortly after deposition.
A) Bedding planes
B) Sedimentary structures
C) Laminations
D) Formations
E) Turbidity currents
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
___ are polygonal patterns that form in very fine sediment as it dries.
A) Ripple marks
B) Cross beds
C) Burrows
D) Mud cracks
E) Graded beds
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
Asymmetrical _____ are produced by current flowing in a single direction.
A) wave marks
B) ridge marks
C) ripple marks
D) mullion marks
E) burrow marks
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
In sandstone, a thick bed will often consist of a series of thinner inclined beds called ____.
A) laminations
B) ripple beds
C) graded beds
D) cross beds
E) tweed beds
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
Sedimentary rock on ____ will enable planetary geologists to one day unravel its history.
A) the moon
B) Jupiter
C) Mars
D) Mercury
E) Io
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
Continental environments include all of the following except __.
A) lake beds
B) river beds
C) glacial deposits
D) coral reefs
E) alluvial fans
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
A(n) ___ is a body of rock of considerable thickness that is large enough to be mappable and with characteristics that distinguish it from adjacent rocks.
A) layer
B) bed
C) blanket
D) formation
E) epoch
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
A(n) ____ is a body of sediment deposited when a river flows into standing water, like a lake or sea.
A) formation
B) alluvial fan
C) delta
D) sandbar
E) intrusive deposit
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
_____ are massive deposits of limestone.
A) Turbidity flows
B) Alluvial fans
C) Deltas
D) Reefs
E) Lithosomes
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 60Q 60
______ forms from limestone when the calcium in calcite is partially replaced by magnesium.
A) Gypsum
B) Halite
C) Chert
D) Quartz
E) Dolomite
Free
Multiple Choice