Quiz 21: Climate Change
Geology/Geography/Oceanography/Atmospheric Sciences
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
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Q 8Q 8
One way in which concentrations of CO2 millions of years ago can be reconstructed is from the density of stomata in fossilized leaves.
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 12Q 12
There is some evidence that increases in greenhouse gas concentrations are responsible of the vast majority of global warming over the last century.
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 15Q 15
Moving away from fossil fuels will remove 200 billion tons carbon from our atmosphere over the next 15 years.
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True False
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True False
Q 17Q 17
In the last century, human activities have caused dramatic increases in concentration of many greenhouse gases.
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True False
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True False
Q 19Q 19
Volcanic activity releases particles and particle forming gases into the atmosphere each year.
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True False
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True False
Q 21Q 21
Which of the following is a factor in the Earth's atmosphere?
A) composition
B) electromagnetic radiation
C) albedo
D) geoengineering
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Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
Which of the following atmospheric gases are derived from both natural processes and anthropogenic processes?
A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) argon
D) water vapor
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Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
Which of the following layers of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
A) mesosphere
B) troposphere
C) stratosphere
D) ionosphere
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Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
What is the role of the ozone layer?
A) It reflects heat to the surface.
B) It blocks all electromagnetic radiation from space.
C) It creates a warm blanket around the Earth.
D) It protects the surface from ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
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Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
The _____ is the Earth's primary source of energy.
A) Sun
B) stratosphere
C) volcanic emissions
D) weather
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Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
The Sun transmits its energy to Earth in the form of _____.
A) solar radiation
B) electromagnetic radiation
C) visible light
D) yellow energy
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Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
The percentage of radiation reflected from a surface is referred to as its _____.
A) altitude reflection
B) ozone layer
C) albedo
D) solar radiation
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Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
Heat energy from solar radiation absorbed at the Earth's surface is known as _____.
A) geothermal energy
B) solar heat
C) blackbody radiation
D) terrestrial radiation
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Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
Without this, the Earth would warm up rapidly due to the absorption of solar radiation.
A) emission of infrared radiation
B) albedo
C) greenhouse effect
D) atmosphere
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Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
The Earth is warm due to _____.
A) albedo
B) greenhouse gases
C) blackbody radiation
D) all are correct
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Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
The Earth's average climate is determined by its _____, the balance between the amount of energy entering and exiting the Earth system.
A) solar balance
B) blackbody radioactivity
C) radiative balance
D) anthropogenic forcing
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Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
The roundness of the Earth's orbit is known as it's _____
A) rotational balance
B) variation
C) variblity
D) eccentricity
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Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
The month in which the Earth makes its closest approach to the Sun is known as the _____, which varies on a 19,000 year cycle.
A) perihelion
B) axial tilt
C) wobble
D) eccentricity
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Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
The orbital theory of climate is also known as _____.
A) Orbital Theory
B) Milankovitch Theory
C) Orbital Climate Theory
D) Maunder Minimum
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Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
_____ are important concepts in climate science. They are factors that amplify or decrease the rate of a process.
A) Albedos
B) Latitudes
C) Feedbacks
D) Variablities
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
NO2 and CH4 are important greenhouse gases due to their strong _____ of solar radiation.
A) absorption
B) reflection
C) potential
D) trapping
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Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
Greenhouse gases can survive in the atmosphere for different amounts of time, which is known as _____.
A) decay curve
B) atmospheric lifetime
C) global warming potential
D) abundance factor
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Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
Why is water vapor an extremely important greenhouse gas?
A) It decreases the amount of precipitation and energy in the atmosphere.
B) It concentrates the amount of carbon absorbed in the oceans.
C) It reflects UV radiation.
D) It strongly absorbs IR radiation.
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Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
Cloud droplets and _____, which are small particles suspended in the atmosphere, together relfect around 23% of the incident solar radiation back to space.
A) atmospheric aerosols
B) dust
C) volcanic emissions
D) combustion products
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Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
Which of the following is released by volcanic activity into the atmosphere?
A) water vapor
B) SO2
C) CO
D) NO2
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Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
_____ can alter the surface albedo of the Earth and affect ocean circulation on a million-year time scale.
A) Faulting
B) Mountain building
C) Plate tectonics
D) Volcanic eruptions
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Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
Paleoclimate studies require that scientists find paleoclimate _____, materials that have retained a unique signature of the ancient climate conditions.
A) models
B) air bubbles
C) records
D) proxies
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Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
Which of the following is not a paleoclimate proxy?
A) insect trapped in amber
B) tree rings
C) ice cores
D) all are proxies
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Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
Two ways in which concentrations of CO2 million of years ago can be reconstructed is from the density of stomata in fossilized leaves and _____
A) isotopic content of carbon in fossils
B) ice cores
C) tree rings
D) orbital changes of the Earth around the Sun
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
By what means do we know that greenhouse gas concentrations have varied quite dramatically over the geologic record?
A) oxygen isotopes
B) ice cores
C) carbon isotopes
D) tree rings
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
_____ works by measuring temperatures deep in the ground and using our understanding of heat transfer in materials to infer what the surface must have been in the past.
A) Climate modeling
B) Feedback loops
C) Solar forcing
D) Borehold thermometry
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Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
At this point in time global mean temperatures begin to increase substantially and quite rapidly.
A) industrial revolution
B) bronze age
C) at the close of the glacial maximum
D) the invention of the internal combustable engine
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Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
Models of climate are only able to reproduce the warming over the last century only if _____ are added.
A) solar radiation
B) greenhouse gases
C) population changes
D) plate tectonics
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Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
_____ has been responsible for around 50% of the sea level rise over the last century.
A) A dip in the jet stream
B) Change in the Gulf Stream circulation
C) Melting and loss of ice
D) Extreme weather events
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
_____ is the increase in the volume that results from increased ocean temperatures.
A) Sea floor spreading
B) Thermal expansion
C) Ice sheet melting
D) Decadal variability
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Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
The _____ is an international panel of scientists that assesses the evidence for and effects of climate change.
A) IPCC
B) GWA
C) GSA
D) EPA
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Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
Climate change will affect human populations in all but the following ways:
A) famine due to crop failure
B) flooding due to sea level changes
C) increased extreme weather events
D) all are correct
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Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
How will agriculture be impacted by climate change?
A) increase markets
B) alter the need for irrigation
C) agriculture will not be impacted
D) increase diversity
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Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
As more CO2 dissolves in the ocean the _____ increases.
A) sea level
B) fish size
C) concentration of H+
D) number of reefs
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Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
_____ refers to large-scale intentional efforts to modify Earth's climate.
A) Geoengineering
B) Climate modeling
C) Climate construction
D) Biospheric engineering
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Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
_____ refers to geoengineering efforts to control the amount of solar radiation being absorbed by the Earth system and reflecting it back to space.
A) Solar reflection engineering
B) Solar radiation management
C) Radiation sequestering
D) Solar storage
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Multiple Choice
Q 60Q 60
The most straightforward way to decrease emissions of CO2 is to _____.
A) use low-energy appliances
B) recycle
C) increase fuel economy
D) move away from using fossil fuels
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Multiple Choice