Quiz 17: Earths Interior and Geophysical Properties
Geology/Geography/Oceanography/Atmospheric Sciences
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Q 5Q 5
The force of gravity between two objects decreases as the square of the distance between the objects increases.
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Q 13Q 13
The way that P-waves are refracted within the core suggests that there is a solid inner core.
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True False
Q 14Q 14
The average heat flow of the continents is the same as the average heat flow of the sea floor.
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 17Q 17
The concept of isostatic adjustment implies that all mountains extend to the same depth in the mantle.
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True False
Q 18Q 18
The rise of the surface of the crust after removal of glacial ice is known as isostatic rebound.
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Q 21Q 21
_____ is the branch of geology that applies physical laws and principles to study Earth.
A) Earthquakology
B) Physicalogy
C) Geophysics
D) Palentology
E) Environmental geology
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Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
Recently, geologists have been analyzing ____ generated by tidal friction, ocean waves, and storms to gain an even more detailed image of the crust and upper mantle.
A) energy waves
B) light sources
C) water movement
D) evaporation
E) ocean currents
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Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
Detailed images provided by _____ suggest that the mantle is heterogeneous, probably due to variations in temperature, composition, and density.
A) p-waves
B) shadow zone
C) deep drill holes
D) seismic reflection
E) seismic tomography
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Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
_____ is a circulation pattern in which low-density material rises and high-density material sinks.
A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Density flow
D) Refraction
E) Reflection
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Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
A ____ is a tool used to study the gravitational attraction between Earth and a mass within the instrument.
A) seismic reflection study
B) sonograph
C) gravitation recorder
D) seismograph
E) gravity meter
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Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
A region of magnetic force, called the ______ surround Earth.
A) magnetic force
B) magnetic field
C) magma field
D) magnetic poles
E) magnetism
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Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
A gravity reading lower than the normal regional gravity indicates that a region is ____.
A) actively being uplifted
B) under a high magnetic field
C) being held down
D) a good prospect for an ore deposit
E) undergoing elastic rebound
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Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
The study of ancient magnetic fields is called ____.
A) paleontology
B) old magnetism
C) Curie point
D) paleomagnetism
E) magnetic polarities
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Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
A deviation from average reading is called a(n) ____.
A) deviant
B) negative
C) anomaly
D) above or below average
E) positive
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Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
High _____ is usually an indication of a magma body or still-cooling pluton near the surface.
A) geothermal gradient
B) heat loss
C) convection
D) conduction
E) heat flow
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Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
The bending of seismic waves as they pass from one material to another is called seismic ____.
A) refraction
B) reflection
C) deflection
D) attenuation
E) waves don't bend when they pass through different materials.
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Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
The boundary that separates the crust from the mantle is the ____.
A) mantle discontinuity
B) Mohorovicic discontinuity
C) lithospheric discontinuity
D) athenospheric discontinuity
E) shadow zone
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Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
The crust and upper mantle form the ____.
A) lithosphere
B) athenosphere
C) core
D) outer core
E) Moho discontinuity
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Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
_____ is the return of some of the energy of a seismic wave to the Earth's surface after it bounces off a rock boundary.
A) Seismic reflection
B) Seismic refraction
C) Seismic attenuation
D) Seismic adjustment
E) Seismic shadow zone
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Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
Seismic P-waves _____ through continental crust relative to oceanic crust.
A) travel faster
B) travel slower
C) stay the same velocity
D) are refracted
E) are reflected
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Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
The upper mantle consists of _______.
A) granite
B) basalt
C) ultramafic rocks
D) metamorphic rocks
E) sedimentary rocks
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Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
What is the asthenosphere?
A) It is the surface that separates the crust from the mantle.
B) It is the zone that separates the continental crust from the oceanic crust.
C) It is in the surface that separates the inner and outer core.
D) It is the zone of weakness in the mantle on which the lithosphere moves.
E) It is the same as the Gutenberg Discontinuity.
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Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
The rise of the crust after removal of ice is called ____.
A) crustal rebound
B) tectonic uplift
C) upheaval
D) subduction
E) dynamic adjustment
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Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
Continental crust is ___ relative to oceanic crust.
A) the same thickness
B) thinner
C) thicker
D) hotter
E) of unknown relation
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Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
The P-wave shadow zone can be explained by the refraction of P-waves at the ___.
A) core-mantle boundary
B) asthenosphere-lithosphere boundary
C) Moho
D) inner core-outer core boundary
E) 670 km depth limit
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Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
Iron-nickel meteorites are an important source of information regarding the composition of Earth's ______.
A) oceanic crust
B) core
C) mantle
D) asthenosphere
E) continental crust
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Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
The ____ is the transition zone at the core-mantle boundary.
A) Moho
B) asthenosphere
C) D layer
D) perovskite zone
E) unnamed surface
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Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
___ indicates that the core of the Earth is a liquid.
A) Density calculations
B) Studies of meteorites
C) The P-wave shadow zone
D) The S-wave shadow zone
E) The Earth's heat flow
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Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
At a pressure equivalent to a depth of 670 km the mineral olivine collapses to form ____.
A) perovskite
B) quartz
C) mica
D) calcite
E) zircon
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Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
The boundary between the core and the mantle is marked by great changes in ____.
A) seismic velocity
B) density
C) temperature
D) Both seismic velocity and density are correct.
E) Seismic velocity, density, and temperature are all correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
Hot mantle rock rising slowly by convection under parts of the ocean explains ____.
A) mid-oceanic ridges
B) underwater volcanoes
C) the unexpectedly high heat flow under the oceans
D) the thickness of the continents
E) the location of earthquakes
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Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
_____ predicts that the higher a mountain range extends above sea level the deeper it extends into the mantle.
A) Isostatic adjustment
B) Crustal rebound
C) Mantle convection
D) Mohorovicic discontinuity
E) Subducting oceanic lithosphere
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Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
Oceanic crust is _____ continental crust.
A) thinner than
B) thicker than
C) the same thickness as
D) the same composition as
E) the same seismic velocity as
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Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
A cavity or body of low-density material causes a _____ pull on a gravity meter relative to average crust.
A) stronger
B) greater than the surrounding rock
C) weaker
D) rapidly increasing
E) Gravity can't be measured.
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Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
A gravity meter registers _____ over ore bodies.
A) zero gravity readings
B) constant gravity
C) decreased gravity
D) increased gravity
E) You can't explore for metallic deposits with a gravity meter.
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Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
As lava cools below the _____ point, a record of the Earth's magnetic field is permanently trapped in the rock.
A) freezing
B) burning
C) boiling
D) melting
E) Curie
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Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
The rock record for tens of millions of years indicates that the Earth's magnetic field ____.
A) reverses polarity about every 500,000 years
B) is constant in strength and polarity
C) did not come into existence until about 1 million years ago
D) is a monopole magnet
E) has steadily weakened and will be gone in another 10 million years
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Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
The ____ is a low velocity seismic zone.
A) asthenosphere
B) lower crust
C) core
D) outer core
E) Mohorovicic discontinuity
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Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
Heat flow ______ the crest of the mid-oceanic ridges.
A) increases away from
B) decreases away from
C) does not change relative to
D) is unknown on
E) is the highest on Earth on
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Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
The gradual loss of heat through the Earth's surface is called ___.
A) thermal decay
B) cooling trend
C) heat flow
D) thinning of the heat
E) convection
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Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
Because _____ can be accurately calculated, the size and shape of the core can be determined.
A) P-wave paths
B) surface wave paths
C) gravitational anomalies
D) heat flow conditions
E) magnetic anomalies
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Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
One widely accepted hypothesis is that the Earth's magnetic field is created by electric currents within the ______.
A) asthenosphere
B) crust
C) lower mantle
D) liquid outer core
E) sun
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Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
_______ is a balance or equilibrium of adjacent blocks of brittle crust floating on the upper mantle.
A) Density adjustment
B) Isostasy
C) Gravity adjustment
D) Inertial adjustment
E) Thermohaline flow
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Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
The average temperature increase in the shallow crust (the geothermal gradient) is about ______ degrees C per kilometer.
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15
E) 25
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Multiple Choice
Q 60Q 60
The magnetic poles are displaced about ______ degrees from the geographic poles.
A) 5½
B) 11½
C) 16½
D) 30½
E) 45½
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Multiple Choice