Question 1

Jordan routinely eats an early lunch around 11:00 AM. Even if there's no clock in sight, Jordan can tell when it's almost 11:00 AM because he feels hungry and wants to eat. Which of the following explanations accounts for this?

Accepted Answer

Jordan has become classically conditioned so that the time of the day, 11 AM, is a conditioned stimulus (CS) for him, triggering internal bodily changes that increase his desire to eat.

Question 2

As part of your psychology course, you are asked to pair off with another student and conduct a simple research study. Your assignment is to monitor the other student's blood levels of the hormone ghrelin. Your partner is of normal weight and eats at normal times. Throughout the day, you take blood samples every 30 minutes. As compared with the blood sample you took at 10 AM, the blood sample you took at noon just before your partner ate lunch contained _____ blood level of ghrelin.

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is known as the "hunger hormone" because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage. Its levels increase before meals and decrease after eating. Therefore, just before lunch, the level of ghrelin would be much higher, reflecting the body's preparation for food intake.

Question 3

Adipose tissue is another name for:

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue refers to the connective tissue in the body that stores fat. It is also commonly referred to as body fat. Leptin is a hormone that is produced and released by adipose tissue, but it is not a synonym for adipose tissue. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and is not directly related to adipose tissue. Muscle refers specifically to the tissue that is responsible for movement and is separate from adipose tissue.

Question 4

Increased blood levels of which hormone has been shown to strongly stimulate appetite?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is known as the hunger hormone as it stimulates appetite and food intake, particularly for high-calorie foods. Increased levels of ghrelin are seen during fasting and decrease after a meal.

Question 5

Your typical or average body weight is called your _____ weight.

Accepted Answer

Baseline body weight is the typical or average body weight and is not affected by fluctuations due to changes in diet or activity level.

Question 6

Identify the hormone that, in people of normal weight, follows the daily pattern shown in the graph; that is, rising sharply before meals and abruptly falling after meals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the hormone that, in people of...

Question 7

The rate at which your body uses energy for vital bodily functions when at rest is called the:

Accepted Answer

The rate at which your body uses energy for vital bodily functions when at rest is called the basal metabolic rate (BMR). This includes functions such as breathing, blood circulation, and maintenance of body temperature. The BMR can vary based on factors such as age, gender, and body composition.

Question 8

Your body's reserve of stored energy is:

Accepted Answer

The body's reserve of stored energy is mainly contained in adipose tissue, which is made up of fat cells. Ghrelin and cholecystokinin are hormones that regulate appetite and digestion, but they do not directly correlate with the body's energy stores. The hypothalamus and cerebellum are regions of the brain involved in regulating different bodily functions, but they do not store energy reserves.

Question 9

A researcher classically conditioned a dog to salivate every 60 minutes by presenting the dog with food at 60-minute intervals throughout the day. Following this procedure, what is the researcher likely to observe?

Accepted Answer

Since food is presented every 60 minutes, the 60-minute interval becomes associated with the presentation of food and therefore becomes a conditioned stimulus. As a result, the dog will salivate in anticipation of food every 60 minutes, even if the food is not present at that time. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because the dog was conditioned to salivate every 60 minutes, not in response to any particular signal. Option B is incorrect because there is no indication that the researcher was involved in the conditioning in any way beyond presenting the food at regular intervals. Option C is incorrect because the term "sensory-specific satiety" refers to the phenomenon in which a person's desire to eat a particular food decreases as they consume more of that food; it is not relevant to classical conditioning.

Question 10

Which internal change reliably predicts eating behavior? About 30 minutes before eating, there is a:

Accepted Answer

A slight decrease in blood levels of glucose is a reliable predictor of eating behavior because it signals the body's need for energy, prompting hunger signals to encourage food intake.

Question 11

What will happen if you consistently eat fewer calories than you expend for energy?

Accepted Answer

When you consistently eat fewer calories than you expend for energy, your body will begin to use its stored fat for energy, causing your body fat stores to shrink and resulting in weight loss. This is the principle behind weight loss diets and programs. Option B is incorrect because CCK levels do not remain elevated until homeostasis is achieved. Option C is incorrect because consistently eating fewer calories than you expend would not cause your body fat cells to expand and multiply, as it would lead to weight gain. Option D is also incorrect because leptin resistance is not caused by consistently eating fewer calories than you expend but rather by factors such as genetics or chronic inflammation.

Question 12

Approximately _____ of your body's energy is used for continuous bodily functions that are essential to life, such as breathing, heartbeat, and the production of body heat.

Accepted Answer

Approximately two-thirds (66%) of the body's energy is utilized for basal metabolic rate, which includes the vital functions mentioned such as breathing, heartbeat, and thermoregulation.

Question 13

The hormone ghrelin is primarily manufactured in the:

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is primarily produced by the cells lining the stomach, specifically, the P/D1 cells located in the fundus of the stomach.

Question 14

A regulatory process called _____ helps you maintain your baseline body weight.

Accepted Answer

Energy homeostasis is the regulatory process that helps maintain a stable body weight. It involves balancing energy intake and energy expenditure to ensure that the body has the energy it needs to carry out its functions without storing excess energy as fat. Positive energy balance occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, which can lead to weight gain. Negative energy balance occurs when energy expenditure exceeds energy intake, which can lead to weight loss. Leptin resistance is a condition in which the body does not respond properly to the hormone leptin, which helps regulate appetite and metabolism.

Question 15

One reason you eat is to maintain a reserve of stored energy, and _____ tissue is the main source of stored calories in the body.

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue, also known as fat tissue, is the main source of stored calories in the body. It is where excess energy from food is stored in the form of triglycerides for later use. Leptin is a hormone that regulates appetite and metabolism, insulin regulates blood sugar levels, and muscle tissue plays a role in movement and metabolism but is not the main source of stored energy.

Question 16

Increased levels of three of the following chemical signals reduce eating behavior. Which one does NOT?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is known as the "hunger hormone" and its levels increase before meals, signaling to the brain that it is time to eat. Therefore, increased levels of ghrelin actually stimulate eating behavior rather than reduce it. However, leptin, insulin, and CCK are all chemical signals that reduce eating behavior.

Question 17

Which of the following is secreted by the pancreas, helps control blood levels of glucose, and promotes the uptake of glucose by the muscles and other body tissues?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is secreted by the pancreas and helps control blood levels of glucose by promoting the uptake of glucose by muscles and other body tissues. Cholecystokinin, dopamine, and leptin do not directly control blood glucose levels.

Question 18

As part of your biological psychology class, you conduct an experiment in which a rat's brain is continuously infused with a hormone called ghrelin. Based on what you've learned about ghrelin in your psychology text, you predict that the rat will:

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is known as the "hunger hormone" and is produced in the stomach. It stimulates appetite and increases food intake. Infusing a rat's brain with ghrelin would have a similar effect, causing the rat to develop a huge appetite and gain weight. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice.

Question 19

Which observation BEST illustrates the concept of energy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which observation BEST illustrates the concept of...

Question 20

Which of the following is referred to as the hunger hormone?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is known as the hunger hormone because it stimulates appetite and promotes food intake.

Quiz 8: Section 2: Motivation and Emotion