Question 1

Not all psychologists favor the idea of extending prescription privileges to qualified psychologists. Some argue that clinical psychologists should focus on what they do best: providing psychological interventions and treatments that help people acquire more effective patterns of thinking and behaving.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the perspective of some psychologists who oppose granting prescription privileges to clinical psychologists. They believe that prescribing medication would divert psychologists' attention away from their primary role in providing psychological treatments and therapies.

Question 2

Although they are of historical interest, Freud's techniques and assumptions are no longer influential in contemporary psychotherapy and research.

Accepted Answer

While Freud's theories and techniques have certainly evolved and been modified over time, they still remain influential in contemporary psychotherapy and research. Many of his ideas, such as the importance of the unconscious mind and the therapeutic relationship between patient and therapist, continue to inform modern therapeutic approaches.

Question 3

Psychoanalysis was founded by Carl Rogers and is based on his theory of personality.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis was actually founded by Sigmund Freud, not Carl Rogers. Rogers is known for developing a different approach to psychotherapy known as person-centered therapy.

Question 4

Not all psychologists favor the idea of extending prescription privileges to qualified psychologists. These critics are concerned that the safety and well-being of patients could be at risk if psychologists receive inadequate training to prescribe psychotropic medications.

Accepted Answer

Some psychologists are opposed to granting prescription privileges to psychologists because they believe that it may endanger the welfare of patients if psychologists receive insufficient education in prescribing psychotropic drugs.

Question 5

Rather than focusing on relationships in the past or in early childhood, interpersonal therapy emphasizes current relationships and social interactions.

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal therapy is a short-term psychotherapy that focuses on improving current relationships and social interaction patterns to alleviate symptoms such as depression and anxiety. It does not delve into past relationships or childhood experiences.

Question 6

Freud's technique of transference involves the therapist actively challenging the patient's irrational beliefs.

Accepted Answer

Freud's technique of transference involves the patient projecting their feelings and emotions onto the therapist, based on past experiences with authority figures in their lives. The therapist then uses this as a way to explore and understand the patient's unconscious mind. The therapist does not actively challenge the patient's beliefs, but rather facilitates the patient's exploration of their own experiences and emotions.

Question 7

Most of Sigmund Freud's patients completed psychoanalysis in as short a time period as six months as long as they had four or more sessions per week.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Freud typically conducted psychoanalysis over several years, with patients attending sessions multiple times per week. The length of psychoanalysis varied depending on the individual and their progress.

Question 8

The basic assumption of the biomedical therapies is that the symptoms of most psychological disorders involve biological factors, such as abnormal brain chemistry.

Accepted Answer

Biomedical therapies, such as medication and electroconvulsive therapy, are based on the assumption that psychological disorders have biological causes, including brain chemistry imbalances, and that treatment involves correcting these underlying physiological issues.

Question 9

Transference is said to be occurring when the patient unconsciously responds to the therapist as though the therapist were a significant person in the patient's life, usually a parent.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Transference refers to the unconscious feelings and behaviors that a patient projects onto their therapist, often based on past relationships with significant figures in their life, such as parents or other authority figures. It is a common occurrence in psychotherapy and is seen as a valuable tool for exploring and resolving unresolved psychological conflicts.

Question 10

Although the popular media and cartoon caricatures often show psychotherapy being conducted as the patient lies on a couch while the therapist sits in a chair and takes notes, it is a myth that Sigmund Freud had his patients lie on a couch.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud actually popularized the use of a couch in psychoanalysis. He believed that having patients lie down helped them relax and encouraged freer association of thoughts and feelings.

Question 11

A counseling psychologist holds an academic doctorate and must be licensed to practice. This type of mental health specialist assesses and treats mental, emotional, and behavioral problems and disorders but usually disorders that are of lesser severity.

Accepted Answer

Counseling psychologists typically hold a PhD or PsyD degree and are licensed to diagnose and treat mental health issues. They often work with individuals experiencing milder mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, and relationship problems.

Question 12

Carl Rogers believed that it was essential for the therapist to actively direct the client so that psychotherapy sessions are productive and focused on the goals that the therapist has set for the client.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed in a client-centered approach to therapy, where the therapist does not direct the client or impose their own goals, but rather works to understand the client's perspective and help them achieve their own goals. The therapist's role is to provide non-judgmental support and facilitate the client's self-exploration and personal growth.

Question 13

Free association and dream interpretation are two important techniques in psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

Free association and dream interpretation are two key techniques used in psychoanalysis. Free association involves the patient saying whatever comes to mind without censorship in order to reveal unconscious thoughts and emotions. Dream interpretation involves analyzing the symbolism and latent content of a patient's dreams in order to gain insight into their psyche.

Question 14

Traditional psychoanalysis calls for the psychoanalyst to meet with the patient no more than once a week for a period of six months to a year.

Accepted Answer

Traditional psychoanalysis typically involves meeting with the psychoanalyst three to five times a week over several years, not just once a week for six months to a year.

Question 15

Psychiatric nurses and licensed professional counselors can prescribe medications or other medical therapies for psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Psychiatric nurses and licensed professional counselors are not allowed to prescribe medications or other medical therapies for psychological disorders. Only licensed psychiatrists and medical doctors are authorized to do so.

Question 16

Luke's therapist asked him to relax, close his eyes, and say whatever came into his mind. The therapist is using one of the main techniques of rational-emotive therapy.

Accepted Answer

The technique described is free association, which is a main technique of psychoanalysis, not rational-emotive therapy. Rational-emotive therapy focuses on changing irrational beliefs and cognitive processes.

Question 17

In contrast to a therapist practicing traditional psychoanalysis, the therapist in short-term dynamic therapy tends to take a more active and direct role in therapy sessions.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. A therapist practicing short-term dynamic therapy tends to take a more active and direct role in therapy sessions compared to traditional psychoanalysis, which typically involves a more passive approach. In short-term dynamic therapy, the therapist may ask direct questions, provide feedback, and offer specific interventions to help the client achieve their therapeutic goals.

Question 18

In traditional psychoanalysis, the therapist strives to remain as neutral as possible to produce "optimal frustration" in the patient so that the patient transfers and projects unresolved conflicts onto the psychoanalyst.

Accepted Answer

This is a core principle of traditional psychoanalysis. The therapist is meant to remain neutral and removed in order to facilitate the patient's transference and projection of unresolved issues onto the therapist, which can then be explored and resolved in the therapeutic relationship.

Question 19

Although there are many different types of psychotherapy, they are all based on the assumption that psychological factors play a key role in troubling feelings, behaviors, or relationships.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The various forms of psychotherapy may differ in their theoretical orientations or specific techniques, but they all rely on the idea that mental health problems have psychological roots and can be addressed through talk therapy.

Question 20

In all but a couple of states, clinical psychologists may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in the treatment of psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists do not have the authority to prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical procedures in the majority of states. They can provide therapy and behavioral interventions, but medical treatment typically falls under the purview of psychiatrists or other medical doctors. Only a few states have granted prescribing privileges to properly trained psychologists, with additional education and certification required.

Quiz 14: Section 3: Therapies