Question 1

_____ illustrates genetic contributions to language development.

Accepted Answer

Infant-directed speech, also known as “motherese”, is characterized by a high-pitched, slow, and exaggerated tone, simple and repetitive sentence structures, and frequent use of questions and commands. Research suggests that parents automatically modify their speech when speaking to infants, and that this type of communication helps facilitate early language development. Genetic factors may play a role in the development of the neural systems that enable infants to respond to and learn from this type of speech.

Question 2

Which of the following is the CORRECT term for a segment of DNA that encodes the formula for a particular protein molecule?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a segment of DNA that encodes the formula for a particular protein molecule. The other options are not specific enough to describe this function of DNA.

Question 3

Henry and Heidi are proud new parents. Based on the information in the text, you can predict that Lauren, their new baby, will MOST likely:

Accepted Answer

The text mentions that Lauren's older brother was able to roll over before he could sit without support. Therefore, it's most likely that Lauren will also follow this developmental pattern and be able to roll over before she can sit without support. However, the text does not provide any information about when Lauren will start walking.

Question 4

Developmental psychologists divide the lifespan into _____ age-related changes of development.

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychologists typically divide the lifespan into nine age-related stages: prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood, and death/dying.

Question 5

Davie lives in a home with his mother and father, who have a very close relationship. Davie is likely to develop a secure attachment to:

Accepted Answer

Davie is likely to develop a secure attachment to both parents when they have a close relationship with each other. A secure attachment is most likely to occur when the child believes they can rely on their caregiver for comfort and support, and when both parents are involved in the child's life, this increases the likelihood of a secure attachment. Additionally, having a close relationship with both parents helps the child develop social and emotional skills, which can benefit them in their relationships with others.

Question 6

_____ influence(s) how people pay attention to, perceive, interpret, and remember gender-relevant behavior.

Accepted Answer

Gender schemas are cognitive frameworks that influence how people pay attention to, perceive, interpret, and remember gender-relevant behavior, such as traits and activities that are deemed masculine or feminine. These schemas are influenced by cultural norms, socialization, and personal experiences, and they can affect various aspects of individuals' experiences, such as their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Genetic predisposition, gender roles, and sexual norms may also play a role in shaping gender-related behavior, but they do not directly influence how people pay attention to, perceive, interpret, and remember such behavior.

Question 7

In MOST cases, the greatest vulnerability to teratogens occurs during the _____ period of prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

The embryonic period is the stage of prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks after conception. This is when the basic structures and organs of the body are formed. It is during this time that the developing embryo is most vulnerable to teratogens, which can cause structural abnormalities, birth defects, and cognitive impairments. In contrast, the fetal period (weeks 9 to birth) is characterized by growth and maturation of the organs and systems that have already been formed, and while exposure to teratogens during this time can still have negative effects, the risks are generally lower compared to the embryonic period.

Question 8

According to Science Versus Pseudoscience: Can a DVD Program Your Baby to Be a Genius?, which of the following is the BEST predictor of infant language development?

Accepted Answer

According to the article, the amount of time parents spend reading to their kids is the best predictor of infant language development.

Question 9

A newborn baby will turn its head and continue gazing at which type of moving stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Newborn babies are known to have a preference for looking at human faces from birth. They are attracted to faces and will turn their heads towards them. This is considered an innate ability and an important social skill for infants. The other options (animal graphic, orange ball, and yellow block) may also elicit some level of visual attention, but the strongest and most consistent response is likely to be towards a human face.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Culture and Human Behavior: Where Does the Baby Sleep? in your text?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is A because it highlights the cultural norm outside of the United States where co-sleeping with babies is more common, contrasting with the more individualistic approach to infant sleeping arrangements often found in the U.S.

Question 11

_____ cells can divide indefinitely, renew themselves, and give rise to a variety of other types of cells.

Accepted Answer

Stem cells have the ability to divide indefinitely, renew themselves, and differentiate into various types of cells. Embryonic stem cells also possess these characteristics, but they are usually obtained from embryos and have ethical considerations. Neural and spinal cells do not have these abilities.

Question 12

Mark and Mathew are identical twins who developed from a single zygote and share identical DNA. Nevertheless, as they develop, differences in physical and psychological characteristics become evident. These differences are due to:

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic change refers to changes in gene expression without changes to the underlying DNA sequence. These changes can be influenced by environmental factors and can lead to differences in physical and psychological characteristics between individuals who have identical DNA.

Question 13

_____ genes are examples of alleles.

Accepted Answer

Dominant and recessive genes are examples of alleles, which are different forms of a gene that occupy the same locus on a chromosome. Polygenic genes refers to traits that are controlled by multiple genes, stem cell genes are related to the regulation of stem cells, and mutated genes are genes that have undergone a change in their DNA sequence.

Question 14

During the embryonic period:

Accepted Answer

During the embryonic period, which lasts from weeks 3 to 8 after fertilization, all of the organs and the major body systems form. The zygote implants on the mother's uterine wall during the first week of the embryonic period, but quickening (the first fetal movements felt by the mother) typically occurs during the fetal period. While movements may begin during the embryonic period, they are not coordinated or purposeful, and the fetus does not have full control over its limbs until later in development.

Question 15

According to Piaget, each child:

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children are active learners who actively construct their understanding of the world. They do this through a process of assimilation and accommodation, where they adapt their existing knowledge structures to accommodate new information from the environment. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 16

Renée Baillargeon has conducted research on the cognitive abilities of very young infants. Baillargeon's research is based on which of the following premises?

Accepted Answer

Baillargeon's research is based on the premise that infants will notice and pay attention to events that violate their expectations. This means that infants have some cognitive abilities, and can form expectations about how the world should work. Baillargeon's experiments involve showing infants events that either conform to or violate their expectations, and then measuring their physical reactions (such as looking time) to these events.

Question 17

According to developmental psychologist Jerome Kagan, there are two broad temperamental patterns, which are:

Accepted Answer

According to Jerome Kagan, the two broad temperamental patterns are high reactive and low reactive. High reactive infants tend to react strongly to novel stimuli, while low reactive infants tend to be less reactive to new stimuli. This distinction can have implications for later personality development and behavior.

Question 18

Jamal describes Terrell as "very masculine" because Terrell is confident, assertive, and physically strong. Jamal is referring to Terrell's:

Accepted Answer

Jamal is describing Terrell's adherence to traditional male gender roles, such as being strong and assertive. This falls under the category of gender role. It is not related to sexuality or gender identity, and gender schema refers to a person's cognitive framework for understanding gender, rather than their personality traits.

Question 19

Which pair of chromosomes determines a person's biological sex?

Accepted Answer

The 23rd pair of chromosomes, known as the sex chromosomes, determines an individual's biological sex. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome.

Question 20

_____ developed gender schema theory to explain gender-role development.

Accepted Answer

Psychologist Sandra Bem developed the gender schema theory to explain gender-role development.

Quiz 9: Section 5: Lifespan Development