Question 1

In general, behavior therapy focuses on helping the client develop insight and understanding about the historical causes of maladaptive behaviors or feelings.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy focuses on changing current behaviors and learning new, more adaptive behaviors, rather than solely relying on understanding the historical causes of maladaptive behavior. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that combines behavioral techniques with cognitive interventions, with a focus on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to maladaptive behaviors.

Question 2

Systematic desensitization is a type of behavior therapy based on classical conditioning principles that is used to treat phobias and other anxiety disorders.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of behavior therapy that is based on classical conditioning principles and is often used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders.

Question 3

The therapy technique called systematic desensitization was developed by Mary Cover Jones and is an application of operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is actually an application of classical conditioning, not operant conditioning. It involves pairing a feared stimulus with a relaxation response in order to reduce the fear response. Mary Cover Jones is credited with using this technique to successfully treat a boy with a phobia of rabbits.

Question 4

Along with other techniques, Mary Cover Jones used observational learning and modeling to help a 3-year-old boy named Peter overcome his fear of rabbits.

Accepted Answer

Mary Cover Jones used observational learning and modeling to help Peter overcome his fear of rabbits. She showed Peter how to approach and interact with a friendly rabbit while he watched from a safe distance. This technique helped Peter gradually overcome his fear and develop a positive association with rabbits.

Question 5

When Pilar said that her husband didn't love her anymore, her therapist, Dr. Wilkerson, said, "You feel that your husband no longer loves you?" and then sat quietly without saying anything more. Dr. Wilkerson is probably a behavior therapist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Wilkerson's response indicates a person-centered or Rogerian approach, in which the therapist reflects back the client's feelings without judgment or interpretation. Behavior therapy tends to focus on changing specific behaviors rather than exploring feelings and emotions.

Question 6

Most behavior therapists believe that achieving insight into the fundamental causes of problem behaviors is a necessary first step in changing those maladaptive behaviors to healthier patterns of behavior.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists typically focus on changing maladaptive behaviors through conditioning and learning, rather than delving into the underlying causes or achieving insight into these behaviors.

Question 7

To help promote self-directed change in the client, a client-centered therapist strives to display genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Client-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes the importance of the therapist displaying genuine, non-judgmental positive regard, and empathic understanding towards the client to help facilitate self-directed change.

Question 8

Like Freud, Carl Rogers believed that psychological problems were the result of repressed, unconscious conflicts and wishes.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers did not believe in the concept of repressed, unconscious conflicts and wishes. Instead, he focused on the importance of self-actualization and the role of unconditional positive regard in promoting personal growth and well-being.

Question 9

Rather than interpreting the client's thoughts and behaviors, the client-centered therapist tries to create a warm, accepting climate that allows the client the freedom to explore troubling feelings and thoughts.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct description of client-centered therapy, which emphasizes providing a non-judgmental, empathetic environment for clients to express themselves and gain insight without the therapist interpreting or directing the process.

Question 10

Mary Cover Jones was the first female psychoanalytic therapist.

Accepted Answer

Mary Cover Jones was not the first female psychoanalytic therapist. While she did make important contributions to psychology, she is more well-known for her work in behaviorism and is often referred to as the "mother of behavior therapy." The first female psychoanalytic therapist was likely Helene Deutsch, who trained with Sigmund Freud in Vienna in the early 20th century.

Question 11

Client-centered therapy is a type of short-term dynamic therapy.

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes a non-directive, empathetic approach and is not specifically classified as short-term; it can vary in length depending on the individual's needs.

Question 12

According to Carl Rogers, change occurs in psychotherapy when the person's self-concept becomes less distorted in the therapeutic atmosphere of unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers' theory of personality and psychotherapy emphasizes the importance of a therapeutic relationship characterized by unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding. According to Rogers, the therapeutic atmosphere created by these conditions allows the person to explore their experiences and feelings without fear of judgment or rejection, which can lead to a more accurate and less distorted view of themselves. As a result, change can occur as the person's self-concept becomes more congruent with their actual experiences and feelings.

Question 13

Usually lasting only a session or two, motivational interviewing (MI) is more directive than traditional client-centered therapy.

Accepted Answer

MI is a brief intervention that is more goal-oriented and directive than traditional client-centered therapy.

Question 14

Exposure therapy is a relatively new, untested approach to treating phobias and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Accepted Answer

Exposure therapy has been extensively researched and has shown to be an effective treatment for phobias and PTSD.

Question 15

Motivational interviewing (MI) is one of the most popular short-term psychodynamic therapies in use today.

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing (MI) is not a form of psychodynamic therapy; it is a client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence.

Question 16

Free association, transference, and dream interpretation are three techniques that are central to both cognitive therapy and client-centered therapy.

Accepted Answer

Free association, transference, and dream interpretation are techniques mainly used in psychoanalysis, not cognitive therapy or client-centered therapy. These three techniques are not central to cognitive therapy or client-centered therapy.

Question 17

Because he thought that the word patient implied that the person entering therapy was sick and needed to be cured by an authority figure, Carl Rogers preferred to use the word client to refer to the person seeking therapy.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed in the concept of person-centered therapy, which emphasized the autonomy and agency of the individual seeking therapy. By using the word "client" instead of "patient," he aimed to create a more collaborative and equal relationship between the therapist and the individual seeking support.

Question 18

To treat a 3-year-old named Peter who was fearful of a tame rabbit, Mary Cover Jones gradually conditioned a positive response that was incompatible with Peter's negative response of fear.

Accepted Answer

Mary Cover Jones used a technique called systematic desensitization to gradually expose Peter to the rabbit while he was in a relaxed state. She then reinforced positive behaviors, such as approaching or touching the rabbit, with a favorite food. This conditioning helped Peter overcome his fear of the rabbit.

Question 19

Motivational interviewing (MI) uses client-centered techniques to help the client explore his or her own values, motivation, and commitment to change.

Accepted Answer

MI is based on the belief that the client is the expert in their own life and uses techniques such as reflective listening and open-ended questions to help the client explore their desire and readiness to change.

Question 20

The central goal for most behavior therapists is to modify specific problem behaviors, not overhaul the entire personality.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists typically focus on modifying specific problem behaviors rather than trying to change an individual's entire personality. This approach is known as behavior modification or behavior therapy.

Quiz 14: Section 3: Therapies