Question 1

Tyler took his four-year-old daughter Samantha to the zoo. "Look, Daddy," Samantha cried. "That mama tiger is kissing her baby!" Samantha's remark is an example of:
A)interpersonal engagement.
B)an emblem.
C)a display rule.
D)anthropomorphism.

Accepted Answer

Samantha's remark of the mother tiger kissing her baby is an example of anthropomorphism, which is the attribution of human characteristics or emotions to animals or non-human entities. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Interpersonal engagement (option A) refers to the interaction between two or more people; an emblem (option B) is a nonverbal gesture with a specific meaning in a particular culture; and a display rule (option C) is a social norm that governs how and when emotions should be expressed in a particular culture.

Question 2

People detect and react more quickly to _____ faces than they do to _____ faces.
A)threatening; friendly
B)friendly; threatening
C)neutral; angry
D)friendly; angry

Accepted Answer

People have evolved to detect and react quickly to threatening stimuli, including threatening facial expressions. This is because it is essential for survival to be able to quickly recognize and respond to potential dangers. Friendly faces do not pose a threat, so there is less of an immediate need to detect and react to them.

Question 3

The social and cultural rules that regulate the expression of emotion, particularly facial expressions, are called:
A)anthropomorphic rules.
B)facial feedback norms.
C)display rules.
D)self-efficacy norms.

Accepted Answer

Display rules are the social and cultural norms that dictate how, when, and where to express or suppress emotions, particularly facial expressions, to fit the social context and expectations. For example, many cultures encourage people to mask negative emotions in public and show positive emotions, while other cultures might allow people to express emotions more freely. These rules can vary significantly between cultures, regions, and situations.

Question 4

The term anthropomorphism refers to:
A)specific nonverbal gestures called emblems.
B)the attribution of human traits, motives, or behaviors to nonhuman animals.
C)social and cultural regulations governing emotional expressions.
D)the attribution of animal emotional expressions, motives, and traits to human beings.

Accepted Answer

Anthropomorphism refers to the attribution of human traits, motives, or behaviors to nonhuman animals.

Question 5

The attribution of human traits, motives, or behaviors to nonhuman animals or inanimate objects is called:
A)self-efficacy.
B)interpersonal engagement.
C)anthropomorphism.
D)thematic apperception.

Accepted Answer

Anthropomorphism refers to the tendency to attribute human traits or emotions to non-human entities, such as animals, objects or natural phenomena. For example, people may describe their pets as having personalities or emotions, or may talk to their cars as if they were human. Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in their ability to achieve a specific goal or task. Interpersonal engagement refers to the degree to which a person is involved with and connected to others. Thematic apperception is a projective test used in psychology to assess personality and attitudes.

Question 6

The Focus on Neuroscience box, "Emotions and the Brain," described a PET scan study investigating brain activation during recall of emotional memories. According to the box, what was indicated by activation of the somatosensory cortex?
A)All emotions involve intense physical reactions.
B)There are two pathways for sensory information that project from the thalamus.
C)The body's peripheral nervous system is involved in feeling an emotion.
D)Sadness, happiness, anger, and fear each produce exactly the same pattern of brain activation.

Accepted Answer

The activation of the somatosensory cortex during recall of emotional memories indicates that the body's peripheral nervous system is involved in feeling an emotion. This supports the idea that emotions are not just "in the mind" but involve physiological responses throughout the body.

Question 7

Which of the following forms of emotional expression is NOT universal and is LEAST likely to be recognized by members of different cultures?
A)nonverbal vocal cues, such as tone of voice
B)facial expressions
C)emblems
D)the sequence of physical movements indicating embarrassment

Accepted Answer

Emblems are specific gestures, postures, or movements that have a specific meaning in a particular culture and are not necessarily recognized or understood by members of other cultures. Nonverbal vocal cues, facial expressions, and the sequence of physical movements indicating embarrassment are all considered universal forms of emotional expression that are widely recognized across cultures.

Question 8

Yamomoto is very careful to hide her true feelings and control her facial expressions when she is in the presence of the senior administrators in the hospital in which she works. This example illustrates:
A)genetic predispositions.
B)the facial feedback hypothesis.
C)display rules of her culture.
D)physiological components of emotion.

Accepted Answer

Yamomoto's behavior is an example of display rules, which are socially learned norms that dictate which emotions are appropriate to display in a given situation. In her culture or workplace, it may be expected or necessary to maintain a neutral or positive facial expression when in the presence of senior administrators, despite her true feelings.

Question 9

One-year-old Samuel was born blind and deaf. According to research presented in the text, Samuel will:
A)not be able to express the basic emotions because of his disabilities.
B)display all the known emotions during his first year.
C)express emotions such as joy, anger, and pleasure using the same facial expressions as other children.
D)display only the social smile but will not be able to express any of the other basic emotions.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that infants born blind and deaf can still express emotions such as joy, pleasure, and anger using the same facial expressions as other children. Therefore, Samuel would be able to express basic emotions.

Question 10

Which two scientists are known for carefully analyzing and classifying facial expressions?
A)Walter Cannon and Richard Lazarus
B)William James and Carl Lange
C)Edward Deci and Richard Ryan
D)Charles Darwin and Paul Ekman

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin and Paul Ekman are known for carefully analyzing and classifying facial expressions. Darwin's book "The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals" and Ekman's research on universal emotions and facial expressions have greatly influenced the field of psychology.

Question 11

When people are shown two pictures of a person and asked to distinguish between the true smile of joy and the smile that is masking negative emotions, they:
A)are usually unable to do so and guess randomly.
B)can easily distinguish between the two.
C)usually think the fake smile is the true smile.
D)usually think the true smile is the fake smile.

Accepted Answer

People can easily distinguish between a true smile of joy and a smile that is masking negative emotions.

Question 12

Which component of emotion is the MOST difficult to detect or establish as being present in nonhuman animals?
A)physiological response
B)behavioral expression
C)subjective experience
D)facial expressions

Accepted Answer

The subjective experience of emotion is the most difficult to detect or establish as being present in nonhuman animals as it relies on self-report, which animals are not able to provide. While physiological response and behavioral expression can provide some indication of an animal's emotional state, subjective experience is largely inferred based on these other factors. Facial expressions may also provide some insight into an animal's emotional state, but they are not always present or reliable indicators.

Question 13

The Focus on Neuroscience box, "Emotions and the Brain," describes the use of PET scans to study brain areas that were activated when participants recalled emotional memories. Activation of which brain area indicated that the body's peripheral nervous system was also involved in feeling an emotion?
A)the somatosensory cortex
B)the hippocampus
C)the visual cortex
D)the amygdala

Accepted Answer

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing sensory information from the body, including touch and pain. Activation of this area during emotional memory recall suggests that the body's peripheral nervous system was also involved in feeling the emotion. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation, the visual cortex processes visual information, and the amygdala is involved in processing emotions and fear. However, none of these areas specifically indicate involvement of the peripheral nervous system in feeling an emotion.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an emblem?
A)nodding your head to mean yes
B)looking away and smiling sheepishly when you're embarrassed
C)wearing white to a funeral in Atlanta
D)running when frightened

Accepted Answer

Nodding your head to mean "yes" is an example of an emblem because it is a nonverbal gesture that has a specific, widely understood meaning within a particular culture.

Question 15

According to research described in the Focus on Neuroscience box, "Emotions and the Brain," sadness, happiness, anger, and fear each produce:
A)high levels of brain activation.
B)a distinct pattern of brain activation and deactivation.
C)indeterminate and scattered patterns of brain activation.
D)patterns of brain activation or deactivation, but not both.

Accepted Answer

The research described in the Focus on Neuroscience box suggests that each of the four emotions (sadness, happiness, anger, and fear) produce a distinct pattern of brain activation and deactivation. This supports choice B as the correct option.

Question 16

Pecchia's research focuses on emotions. If she is like most experts in this area, she is likely to agree with which of the following statements?
A)Although facial expressions of basic emotions seem to be innate, we are still able to control our facial expressions.
B)The majority of emotions are a function of learning, and we cannot control our facial expressions once they are learned.
C)Facial expressions of emotion are innate, and therefore we are unable to control our facial expressions.
D)Women are much more capable than men of controlling their facial expressions of emotion.

Accepted Answer

Most experts in the area of emotions believe that while facial expressions of basic emotions are innate, we are still able to control and regulate our facial expressions. Therefore, option A is the most accurate statement. Options B and C are not widely accepted among experts, and option D is not supported by research.

Question 17

Paul Ekman, a leading researcher in emotions, has estimated that the human face is capable of:
A)creating only a few basic expressions.
B)expressing basic emotions only and not mixed emotions.
C)creating more than 7,000 different expressions.
D)creating approximately 200 different expressions.

Accepted Answer

Paul Ekman's research has shown that the human face is capable of creating more than 7,000 different expressions, reflecting a wide range of emotions, including complex and nuanced feelings beyond basic emotions.

Question 18

Which scientist argued that the differences in emotional experience between animals and humans were a matter of degree, not kind?
A)William James
B)Paul Ekman
C)Charles Darwin
D)Abraham Maslow

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin argued that the differences in emotional experience between animals and humans were a matter of degree, not kind. He believed that human emotions evolved from the emotional capacities of animals and that there was a continuity of emotions across species. This idea is reflected in his book "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals."

Question 19

You take a seat on a crowded bus, and overhear the woman behind you having a spirited conversation on her cell phone in a foreign language. Although you can't see her face or understand a word she's saying, you can:
A)predict the cultural display rules that will influence her facial expressions.
B)determine whether the conversation is with a relative or a nonrelative.
C)accurately determine the emotions that she's expressing.
D)guess the emotions she is expressing, but not with much accuracy.

Accepted Answer

DEmotions can often be inferred from tone, volume, and pitch of voice, even without understanding the language, allowing for a guess at the emotions being expressed. However, accuracy can vary, reflecting the complexity of human emotions and the influence of cultural norms on emotional expression.

Question 20

Although facial expressions of emotion seem to be innate and, to a certain degree, universal among human cultures, we are still able to exert control over our facial expressions. This finding suggests that the expression of emotion:
A)is determined entirely by display rules.
B)is influenced entirely by genetic factors.
C)can be affected by culture and environmental factors.
D)is entirely psychological.

Accepted Answer

While facial expressions of emotion are largely innate, they can still be influenced by cultural and environmental factors. This suggests that the expression of emotion is not solely determined by genetics or display rules, but is a complex interplay between nature and nurture.

Quiz 8: Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Tyler took his four-year-old daughter Samantha to the zoo. "Look, Daddy," Samantha cried. "That mama tiger is kissing her baby!" Samantha's remark is an example of:

People detect and react more quickly to _ faces than they do to _ faces.

The social and cultural rules that regulate the expression of emotion, particularly facial expressions, are called:

The term anthropomorphism refers to:

The attribution of human traits, motives, or behaviors to nonhuman animals or inanimate objects is called:

The Focus on Neuroscience box, "Emotions and the Brain," described a PET scan study investigating brain activation during recall of emotional memories. According to the box, what was indicated by activation of the somatosensory cortex?

Which of the following forms of emotional expression is NOT universal and is LEAST likely to be recognized by members of different cultures?

Yamomoto is very careful to hide her true feelings and control her facial expressions when she is in the presence of the senior administrators in the hospital in which she works. This example illustrates:

One-year-old Samuel was born blind and deaf. According to research presented in the text, Samuel will:

Which two scientists are known for carefully analyzing and classifying facial expressions?

When people are shown two pictures of a person and asked to distinguish between the true smile of joy and the smile that is masking negative emotions, they:

Which component of emotion is the MOST difficult to detect or establish as being present in nonhuman animals?

The Focus on Neuroscience box, "Emotions and the Brain," describes the use of PET scans to study brain areas that were activated when participants recalled emotional memories. Activation of which brain area indicated that the body's peripheral nervous system was also involved in feeling an emotion?

Which of the following is an example of an emblem?

According to research described in the Focus on Neuroscience box, "Emotions and the Brain," sadness, happiness, anger, and fear each produce:

Pecchia's research focuses on emotions. If she is like most experts in this area, she is likely to agree with which of the following statements?

Paul Ekman, a leading researcher in emotions, has estimated that the human face is capable of:

Which scientist argued that the differences in emotional experience between animals and humans were a matter of degree, not kind?

You take a seat on a crowded bus, and overhear the woman behind you having a spirited conversation on her cell phone in a foreign language. Although you can't see her face or understand a word she's saying, you can:

Although facial expressions of emotion seem to be innate and, to a certain degree, universal among human cultures, we are still able to exert control over our facial expressions. This finding suggests that the expression of emotion: