Quiz 1: Introduction to Psychology
Psychology
Q 1Q 1
Psychology is defined as the:
A)intuition-based approach to study human behavior.
B)speculative method to find answers about human cognition.
C)study of mental disorders and their treatment.
D)scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Free
Multiple Choice
D
Q 2Q 2
Akira has declared psychology as his major.He will be studying:
A)internal medicine.
B)behavior and mental processes.
C)mental disorders and their diagnosis and treatment.
D)the disorders of the central nervous system.
Free
Multiple Choice
B
Q 3Q 3
A single-sentence definition of psychology may be misleading because:
A)it is very difficult to study the mind and behavior scientifically.
B)psychology is a narrower,more specific field than a general definition might suggest.
C)psychologists disagree on how broad psychology should really be.
D)the discipline of psychology really has no core or center.
Free
Multiple Choice
C
Q 4Q 4
Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology?
A)Obfuscation
B)Description
C)Prediction
D)Explanation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 5Q 5
In order to study mind and behavior,psychologists:
A)rely on the scientific method.
B)use their intuition.
C)rely on the study of internal medicine.
D)use speculation.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 6Q 6
In what way are the diverse subfields of psychology related?
A)They allow psychologists to explain different types of behavior in the same way.
B)They ultimately share a common goal.
C)They always lead to an M.D.(Doctor of Medicine)degree.
D)They are not related at all other than being considered part of psychology.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 7Q 7
Dr.Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis.Dr.Alvarez's work BEST exemplifies the _____ subfield of psychology.
A)cognitive
B)experimental
C)developmental
D)behavioral neuroscience
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 8Q 8
Which of the following branches of psychology studies the processes of sensing,perceiving,learning,and thinking about the world?
A)Behavioral neuroscience
B)Developmental psychology
C)Experimental psychology
D)Health psychology
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 9Q 9
Which of the following subfields of psychology is INCORRECTLY matched with its description?
A)Behavioral neuroscience: examines the relationship between the nervous system and behavior
B)Cognitive: examines how people grow and change from conception through death
C)Experimental: examines the processes of sensing,perceiving,learning,and thinking
D)Clinical: deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 10Q 10
Which of the following subfields of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with a sample topic?
A)Behavioral neuroscience: the influence of chronic stress on physical health
B)Developmental psychology: the effectiveness of drug therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Cognitive psychology: the influence of an event on people's thinking
D)Health psychology: the role that frustration plays in producing aggression
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 11Q 11
How are cognitive and experimental psychology related?
A)They are the same.
B)They are two completely distinct subfields of psychology.
C)Cognitive psychology is part of experimental psychology.
D)Experimental psychology is part of cognitive psychology.
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Multiple Choice
Q 12Q 12
_____ psychology focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language.
A)Developmental
B)Personality
C)Clinical
D)Cognitive
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 13Q 13
Why is the term experimental psychologist considered somewhat misleading?
A)Psychologists in every subfield use the experimental method.
B)The term is no longer in existence.
C)Most psychological topics are not suited to experimental study.
D)Experimental methods are only appropriate to the study of the biological bases of behavior.
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Multiple Choice
Q 14Q 14
Developmental psychology:
A)focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems.
B)studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.
C)focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language.
D)deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 15Q 15
Personality psychology:
A)focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems.
B)focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.
C)focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language.
D)deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 16Q 16
Dr.Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood.Dr.Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another.Dr.Chen is a(n)_____ psychologist; Dr.Doherty is a _____.
A)experimental psychologist; cognitive psychologist
B)health psychologist; clinical psychologist
C)developmental psychologist; personality psychologist
D)clinical psychologist; counseling psychologist
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 17Q 17
Dr.Ebrahim examines how children's friendships change through elementary and middle-school years.Dr.Ebrahim is a(n)_____ psychologist.
A)clinical
B)evolutionary
C)experimental
D)developmental
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 18Q 18
At a conference on terrorism research,a panel of psychologists is discussing suicide bombers.Dr.Gerami outlines the role of charismatic leaders in encouraging the actions of suicide bombers.Dr.Hespeler argues that sometimes suicide bombing may be seen as a rational response to a particular system of beliefs.Finally,Dr.Islington reviews the internal traits associated with suicide bombing.Which of the following alternatives BEST identifies the subfields in which each of these psychologists probably specializes?
A)Dr.Gerami: personality psychology; Dr.Hespeler: cross-cultural psychology; Dr.Islington: social psychology
B)Dr.Gerami: social psychology; Dr.Hespeler: personality psychology; Dr.Islington: cross-cultural psychology
C)Dr.Gerami: social psychology; Dr.Hespeler: cross-cultural psychology; Dr.Islington: personality psychology
D)Dr.Gerami: cross-cultural psychology; Dr.Hespeler: experimental psychology; Dr.Islington: personality psychology
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 19Q 19
Enterprise City has been hard hit by a recent economic downturn.Local psychologists are holding a public workshop to help the citizens cope with the adversity.Dr.Kurutz is outlining strategies to help adults who have been laid off avoid overeating and the use of drugs or alcohol.Dr.Kurutz is most likely a(n)_____ psychologist.
A)experimental
B)cross-cultural
C)social
D)health
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 20Q 20
Which branch of psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease?
A)Developmental psychology
B)Health psychology
C)Perceptual psychology
D)Clinical neuropsychology
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 21Q 21
How do clinical and counseling psychology differ?
A)Clinical psychology requires more advanced study than does counseling psychology.
B)Clinical psychologists have a PhD or an MD degree,whereas counseling psychologists have a PsyD degree.
C)Counseling psychologists deal with problems that are more specific than the problems that clinical psychologists deal with.
D)Clinical and counseling psychology are synonymous.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
Fiona helps students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)develop effective study regimens and strategies.Fiona is most likely a(n)_____ psychologist.
A)health
B)experimental
C)developmental
D)counseling
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
Counseling psychologists are more likely than clinical psychologists to practice in:
A)hospitals.
B)laboratories.
C)offices.
D)colleges.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
Dr.Growe is reading about a research study in which psychologists investigated the effect of group size on the conformity of group members.Dr.Growe is most likely reading the Journal of _____ Psychology.
A)Developmental
B)Social
C)Counseling
D)Evolutionary
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
Social psychology:
A)focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems.
B)deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders.
C)investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups.
D)is the study of how people's thoughts,feelings,and actions are affected by others.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
_____ psychologists concentrate on diverse topics such as human aggression,liking and loving,persuasion,and conformity.
A)Counseling
B)Social
C)Evolutionary
D)Clinical
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
Which of the following is NOT one of the three newer branches of psychology's family tree?
A)Counseling psychology
B)Behavioral genetics
C)Evolutionary psychology
D)Clinical neuropsychology
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
Evolutionary psychologists are especially interested in:
A)how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.
B)how physical characteristics have a genetic basis.
C)how thought and behavior are influenced by the structure of the brain.
D)how personality traits and social behavior vary across cultures.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species was published in _____.
A)1529
B)1739
C)1859
D)1939
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
In what way,if any,do evolutionary psychologists go beyond Darwin's arguments?
A)They suggest that culture influences the nature of behavioral and mental processes.
B)They argue that our genetic heritage influences our physical characteristics.
C)They argue that our genetic inheritance determines aspects of our personality and social behavior.
D)They do not go beyond Darwin's original arguments.
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Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
Dr.Lin and Dr.Marino both study obesity.Dr.Lin relates the likelihood of obesity to levels of the trait of neuroticism-the tendency to experience upsetting emotions.Dr.Marino relates obesity to the frequency with which individuals eat alone,with family members,or in the presence of larger groups of friends,acquaintances,or strangers.Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE regarding the subfields in which the researchers specialize?
A)Dr.Marino is a social psychologist.
B)Dr.Lin is a social psychologist.
C)Dr.Marino is a personality psychologist.
D)Dr.Lin is a behavioral psychologist.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
Central State University's Department of Psychology is considering expanding its doctoral program to include an additional specialty.The department wants to focus on a "growth" area likely to attract federal research funding as well as up-and-coming new faculty and bright,passionate graduate students.Which of the following specialties should the department consider most closely?
A)Developmental psychology
B)Evolutionary psychology
C)Perceptual psychology
D)Clinical neuropsychology
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
What might be the most controversial aspect of the evolutionary psychology position?
A)They hold the notion that our evolutionary heritage influences our physical characteristics.
B)They promote the idea that our evolutionary heritage might influence aspects of our behavioral and mental processes.
C)Evolutionary psychologists downplay the influence of biological inheritance on thought and behavior.
D)Evolutionary psychologists minimize the role of environmental and social forces.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
Which of the following areas of psychology focuses on the biological mechanisms that enable inherited behavior to unfold?
A)Clinical neuropsychology
B)Behavioral genetics
C)Cognitive psychology
D)Experimental psychology
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
Which of the following areas is CORRECTLY matched with its description?
A)Evolutionary psychology: focuses on the biological mechanisms enabling inherited behavior to unfold
B)Behavioral genetics: considers how our behavior is influenced by our genetic heritage from our ancestors
C)Clinical neuropsychology: focuses on the biological origin of psychological disorders
D)Cross-cultural psychology: examines the genetic basis of behavioral disorders
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
Dr.Hart investigates how depressive disorders are related to levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.Dr.Hart's research falls within the field of:
A)clinical neuropsychology.
B)behavioral genetics.
C)cognitive psychology.
D)experimental psychology.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
Clinical neuropsychology:
A)focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems.
B)considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.
C)seeks to understand how we might inherit certain behavioral traits.
D)focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
Beatriz has just received her doctoral degree in psychology.All else being equal,in which of the following settings is she most likely to find employment?
A)A college/university
B)The military
C)A hospital
D)A large business corporation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
The local state university has opened a new center devoted to the study and treatment of obesity,a major public health problem in the area.Dr.Nolan is researching the potential of a drug that influences the activity of hunger centers in the brain's hypothalamus.Dr.Osterman attempts to uncover the unconscious conflicts that may spur compulsive eating.Which of the following statements best describes the orientations of these two psychologists?
A)Dr.Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr.Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist.
B)Dr.Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr.Osterman is a counseling psychologist.
C)Dr.Nolan is a social psychologist; Dr.Osterman is a humanistic psychologist.
D)Dr.Nolan is a behavioral psychologist; Dr.Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
Approximately how many psychologists are there in the United States?
A)50,000
B)100,000
C)300,000
D)600,000
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
Currently,women earn _____ of new psychology doctorate degrees in the United States.
A)one-tenth
B)half
C)three-fourth
D)ninety percent
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
Which figure best approximates the percentage of American psychologists who belong to racial minority groups?
A)6%
B)15%
C)25%
D)32%
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
Which of the following statements concerning the representation of racial and ethnic minorities among American psychologists is TRUE?
A)The number of minority members entering the field is about the same as it was 10 years ago.
B)The number of minority members entering the field is higher than it was 10 years ago.
C)The increase in the number of degrees awarded to minority members has outpaced the growth of the minority population.
D)The number of minority members entering the field has decreased over the years.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
Today,around _____% of new master's degrees and _____% of new doctorate degrees are awarded to people of color.
A)50; 15
B)20; 16
C)32; 8
D)50; 25
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
How is the diversity of psychology limited in the United States?
A)Racial and ethnic minorities are underrepresented among psychologists.
B)The majority of psychologists are male.
C)Psychologists in the United States far outnumber those in all other countries combined.
D)Most research is conducted outside the United States.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to be a psychologist?
A)Dionne,who holds a PhD degree
B)Everett,who has an MD degree
C)Fallon,who graduated with a PsyD degree
D)Melinda who has written a dissertation on drug abuse and is now teaching at a university
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the difference between PhD and the PsyD degrees?
A)A PhD requires more years of study than a PsyD.
B)A PhD requires a dissertation based on an original investigation.
C)Fewer people earn a PhD than a PsyD.
D)A PhD is obtained by psychologists who wish to focus exclusively on the treatment of psychological disorders.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
Callie works in the field of psychology.All else being equal,there is about a _____chance that her highest degree is a master's degree.
A)fifth
B)fourth
C)third
D)sixth
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
Kristen is a psychology major.Immediately following graduation,she will most likely:
A)join the workforce.
B)feel that her job is unrelated to her psychology background.
C)continue to graduate school.
D)remain unemployed.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
Psychology majors are highly valued by employers because they can:
A)strategize effectively.
B)think critically.
C)help other workers with their personal problems.
D)communicate effectively with their co-workers.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
The most common employment sector for students graduating with a bachelor's degree in psychology is _____.
A)education
B)business
C)the local government
D)social services
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
_____ believed that children were born into the world with minds like "blank slates" and that their experiences determined what kind of adults they would become.
A)Locke
B)Plato
C)Wundt
D)Descartes
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Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
The phrase tabula rasa may be translated as:
A)red tablet.
B)raised table.
C)new table.
D)blank slate.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
The formal beginning of psychology is associated with:
A)Wundt.
B)James.
C)Descartes.
D)Ebbinghaus.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
Which of the following locations is associated with the formal beginning of psychology?
A)China
B)Germany
C)Spain
D)England
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
Dr.Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to identify the fundamental attributes of mental experience.Dr.Leleux appears most sympathetic to the _____ perspective in psychology.
A)functionalist
B)prescriptive
C)structuralist
D)humanistic
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Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
_____ is a procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus.
A)Inner perception
B)Introspection
C)Internal observation
D)Intervention
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Multiple Choice
Q 60Q 60
Lassandra takes a sip of cola."Sweet...cold,wet,tingly...slightly bitter," she reports.Lassandra is:
A)introspecting.
B)demonstrating functionalism.
C)defining umami.
D)taking an intelligence test.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 61Q 61
Which of the following was a disadvantage of introspection?
A)Introspection was a complicated process.
B)Introspection was time consuming.
C)Introspection was too simplistiC.
D)Introspection was not truly scientific.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 62Q 62
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the structuralist perspective of psychology?
A)The structuralist perspective was supplanted by other views.
B)The structuralist perspective triumphed over alternative ones.
C)The structuralist perspective continues to coexist with other views in psychology.
D)The structuralist perspective has waned somewhat,but it still remains influential today.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 63Q 63
Which perspective most immediately replaced structuralism in the early days of scientific psychology?
A)Behaviorism
B)Humanism
C)Functionalism
D)Gestalt psychology
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 64Q 64
_____ is an early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.
A)Structuralism
B)Functionalism
C)Introspection
D)Gestalt psychology
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 65Q 65
A time travel mishap lands you at one of the first psychology conferences ever held,sometime at the dawn of the 20th century.The graying older scientists slowly losing their grip on the field are most likely _____,whereas the passionate young up-and-comers are probably _____.
A)structuralists; functionalists
B)functionalists; developmentalists
C)humanists; structuralists
D)humanists; functionalists
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 66Q 66
In the context of the psychology of emotion,William James and John Dewey would be most interested in:
A)the contribution of unconscious memories to one's emotional experience.
B)the basic nature of an emotional feeling or experience.
C)how behavior aids one's adaptation to the environment.
D)the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 67Q 67
Which of the following psychologists is associated with functionalism?
A)William James
B)Max Wertheimer
C)Hermann Ebbinghaus
D)Wilhelm Wundt
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 68Q 68
Gestalt psychology may be seen as a reaction to _____.
A)the psychodynamic perspective
B)humanism
C)functionalism
D)structuralism
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Multiple Choice
Q 69Q 69
Which of the following approaches to psychology might have been most likely to remind the audience that "the whole is different than the sum of the parts"?
A)Phrenology
B)Functionalism
C)Structuralism
D)Gestalt psychology
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 70Q 70
The Gestalt psychologists made substantial contribution to our understanding of:
A)memory.
B)perception.
C)emotion.
D)motivation.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 71Q 71
Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?
A)Structuralism: emphasized what the mind does
B)Functionalism: emphasized the elements of mental experience
C)Humanism: emphasized the unconscious determinants of behavior
D)Gestalt psychology: emphasized the organization of perception
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 72Q 72
Donna-Lynn is preparing a visual display of psychology's early history.One panel is headed "The Gay '90s." It portrays developments in the 1890s.Another panel is titled "The Roaring '20s." It is devoted to the 1920s.Which theoretical perspectives in psychology should appear in each of these panels?
A)Gay '90s: functionalism; Roaring '20s: Gestalt psychology
B)Gay '90s: behaviorism; Roaring '20s: structuralism
C)Gay '90s: functionalism; Roaring '20s: behaviorism
D)Gay '90s: Gestalt psychology; Roaring '20s: structuralism
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 73Q 73
Which of the following figures best approximates the number of major perspectives in psychology?
A)One or two
B)About five
C)A dozen or so
D)As many as there are psychologists
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 74Q 74
The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain,the nervous system,and other biological functions is known as the _____ perspective.
A)psychodynamic
B)nature-nurture
C)cognitive
D)neuroscience
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 75Q 75
The neuroscience perspective:
A)suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow,develop,and be in control of their lives and behavior.
B)focuses on how people think,understand,and know about the world.
C)considers how people and nonhumans function biologically.
D)argues that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 76Q 76
Which contemporary perspective is CORRECTLY matched with its description?
A)Psychodynamic perspective: emphasizes the automatic response of an individual to environmental stimuli
B)Humanistic perspective: emphasizes how people know,understand,and think about the world
C)Behavioral perspective: emphasizes observable behavior and objectivity
D)Neuroscience perspective: emphasizes that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 77Q 77
Noreen asserts that our behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control.This viewpoint is most consistent with the _____ perspective in psychology.
A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)cognitive
D)neuroscience
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 78Q 78
To many people who have never taken a psychology course,psychology begins and ends with the _____ perspective.
A)neuroscience
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)psychodynamic
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 79Q 79
Contributions of the psychodynamic perspective include all of the following EXCEPT:
A)a way to understand and treat certain types of psychological disorders.
B)a way to understand such phenomena as prejudice and aggression.
C)a revolutionary effect on 20th-century thinking not only in psychology but in related fields as well.
D)a way to look at behavior in a more concrete,objective fashion.
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Multiple Choice
Q 80Q 80
Penny is a recovering drug addict.Her treatment program emphasizes the influence of her environment-"people,places,and things"-on her use of her drug of choice.Her program reflects the _____ perspective in psychology.
A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)neuroscience
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 81Q 81
Dr.Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable,measurable behavior.Dr.Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think about and understand the world.Which option below CORRECTLY identifies their respective perspectives?
A)Dr.Greenway-behavioral perspective; Dr.Cech-cognitive perspective
B)Dr.Greenway-cognitive perspective; Dr.Cech-behavioral perspective
C)Dr.Greenway-behavioral perspective; Dr.Cech-humanistic perspective
D)Dr.Greenway-psychodynamic perspective; Dr.Cech-humanistic perspective
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 82Q 82
Which of the following psychologists is associated with the behavioral perspective?
A)Rogers
B)Skinner
C)Maslow
D)Hollingworth
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 83Q 83
The computer metaphor is at the heart of the _____ perspective.
A)cognitive
B)neuroscience
C)behavioral
D)humanistic
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Multiple Choice
Q 84Q 84
The cognitive perspective is said to have evolved in part from the _____ perspective in early psychology and to represent a reaction to _____.
A)structuralist; humanism
B)structuralist; behaviorism
C)humanist; behaviorism
D)humanist; functionalism
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 85Q 85
Driving to work one day,Owen suspects that drivers talking on their cell phones pay less attention to the road than do other drivers.This hypothesis would most likely be tested by a _____ psychologist.
A)behavioral
B)humanistic
C)cognitive
D)psychodynamic
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Multiple Choice
Q 86Q 86
The humanistic perspective rejects the view that behavior reflects biological forces,unconscious processes,or the environment.In other words,it rejects the _____,_____,and _____ perspectives,respectively.
A)cognitive; psychodynamic; behavioral
B)neuroscience; cognitive; behavioral
C)cognitive; psychodynamic; neuroscience
D)neuroscience; psychodynamic; behavioral
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 87Q 87
The emphasis of the humanistic perspective is on:
A)free will.
B)environmental determinism.
C)natural selection.
D)unconscious motives.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 88Q 88
Free will stands in contrast to _____.
A)naturism
B)unconscious motives
C)determinism
D)natural selection
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Multiple Choice
Q 89Q 89
Dr.Petrovic tries to help his clients see how their behavior reflects choices they have made.He is most likely a _____ therapist.
A)psychodynamic
B)clinical neuroscience
C)humanistic
D)gestalt
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 90Q 90
Psychologists adhering to the _____ perspective are probably the LEAST likely to take a "nature" stance on the nature vs.nurture issue.
A)behaviorist
B)cognitive
C)neuroscience
D)evolutionary
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 91Q 91
Which of the following perspectives of psychology emphasizes observable responses?
A)Behavioral
B)Cognitive
C)Neuroscience
D)Psychodynamic
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 92Q 92
Recall Watson's quote: "Give me a dozen healthy infants,well-formed,and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select-doctor,lawyer,artist,merchant-chief,and yes,even beggar-man and thief,regardless of his talents,penchants,tendencies,abilities,vocations and race of his ancestors." If 1 = extreme nature and 10 = extreme nurture,where would you place Watson on the nature vs.nurture issue?
A)1 or 2
B)3 or 4
C)5 or 6
D)9 or 10
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 93Q 93
Dr.Quinones studies the achievement motivation of junior high school students.He asserts that such motivation mainly reflects the parenting and educational practices the students have experienced.This statement is most directly related to the _____ issue; Dr.Quinones' position is toward the _____ end of the continuum.
A)nature vs.nurture; nature
B)nature vs.nurture; nurture
C)observable behavior vs.internal mental processes; observable behavior
D)observable behavior vs.internal mental processes; internal mental processes
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 94Q 94
Dr.Reynolds believes that depression reflects aspects of a patient's early relationship with her parents of which she may be completely unaware.Dr.Smith,by contrast,argues that depression stems from a patient's negative self-talk.The two psychologists appear to disagree on the _____ issue.
A)nature vs.nurture
B)conscious vs.unconscious causes
C)free will vs.determinism
D)structuralism vs.functionalism
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 95Q 95
_____ is the idea that people's behavior is produced primarily by factors outside of their willful control.
A)Naturism
B)Vigilantism
C)Determinism
D)Factualism
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Multiple Choice
Q 96Q 96
Individual differences are to universal principles what the _____ perspective is to the _____ perspective.
A)neuroscience; humanistic
B)cognitive; behavioral
C)humanistic; neuroscience
D)behavioral; cognitive
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Multiple Choice
Q 97Q 97
Rob is a 16-year-old American student; Yoon-Sook is a 16-year-old Asian student.Rob and Yoon-Sook,respectively,are likely to attribute academic success to _____ and _____.
A)unchanging causes; situational factors
B)effort; natural ability
C)effort; situational factors
D)natural ability; unchanging causes
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Multiple Choice
Q 98Q 98
Race is to ethnicity what _____ is to _____.
A)the individual; biology
B)biology; culture
C)culture; biology
D)the individual; culture
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Multiple Choice
Q 99Q 99
Which of the following is NOT a likely trend in psychology's near future?
A)Psychology will become increasingly specialized.
B)Neuroscientific approaches will have an increasing influence on psychology.
C)Psychology will become an increasingly unified discipline.
D)Diversity will assume increasing importance in psychology.
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Q 100Q 100
Pablo is taking part in a psychology experiment.He watches two political campaign ads-one highlighting the candidate's positive attributes and another emphasizing the opponent's negative features.During each ad,Pablo's brain is scanned.This experiment is most likely conducted by a _____ neuroscientist.
A)clinical
B)social
C)behavioral
D)counseling
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Q 101Q 101
Strategies aimed at encouraging one to examine assumptions,evaluate assertions,and think more carefully are specifically called _____ techniques.
A)normative
B)description-based
C)chunking
D)critical thinking
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Q 104Q 104
Ursula is interested in helping students develop effective study practices and manage test anxiety.Her advisor suggests that she consider a career in psychology.
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Q 105Q 105
Consider the fields of evolutionary psychology,behavioral genetics,and clinical neuropsychology.Of these three fields,is the least specific in its focus.
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Q 114Q 114
Many psychologists who adhere to the cognitive perspective compare human thinking to the workings of a(n).
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Q 115Q 115
Wanda is a humanistic psychologist who believes that behavior reflects an individual's own choices-that is,she endorses the notion of .
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Q 116Q 116
The humanistic perspective is explicit in its rejection of ,the notion that behavior is caused by factors outside the individual's control.
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Q 117Q 117
psychologists adopting a psychodynamic perspective argue that psychological disorders are brought about by unconscious factors.
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Q 118Q 118
While neuroscientists tend to seek universal principles of behavior,humanistic psychologists are more interested in .
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Q 120Q 120
Dr.Young activates social stereotypes his participants might hold; simultaneously,he records changes in the brain's electrical activity.Dr.Young is part of an evolving field known as .
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Q 121Q 121
Strategies enabling one to scrutinize assumptions,evaluate assertions,and think more carefully are called techniques.
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Q 122Q 122
Dr.MacGyvers is a developmental psychologist,Dr.Cooper is a cross-cultural psychologist,and Dr.Breaux is a cognitive psychologist.For each of these psychologists,briefly define the subfield in which he or she specializes and suggest one issue or question in which he or she might be especially interested.
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Q 123Q 123
Evolutionary psychology,behavioral genetics,and clinical neuropsychology are three growing fields on the frontiers of today's psychology.Briefly describe each of these fields and suggest a topic that a psychologist in each might investigate.
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Q 124Q 124
Briefly,in 1-2 paragraphs,discuss the under representation of racial and ethnic minorities among psychologists in the United States and the significance this may have on the field as a whole.Please provide one possible example that illustrates the effects this may have.
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Q 125Q 125
Briefly discuss what types of education level,or degree,different types of psychologists have and how many years one might expect to invest earning said degrees.Does the area of psychology one is interested in working in dictate the level of schooling required? Please provide two examples that relate area of work interest and degree necessary to illustrate your statements.
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Q 127Q 127
Briefly describe Gestalt psychology and functionalism in one paragraph each.Also,compare and contrast these two approaches.
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Q 128Q 128
You have been invited to participate in a program aimed at encouraging high school girls to pursue scientific careers.You wish to tell the girls that despite formidable obstacles,women made many important contributions to the science of psychology in its earliest days.Outline several points you might make in support of your argument.
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Q 129Q 129
List and briefly describe three major perspectives in contemporary psychology.Identify one or two prominent psychologists associated with each of the perspectives you list.
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Q 130Q 130
Describe a behavioral or mental phenomenon in which you are especially interested.Discuss how the phenomenon might be approached from at least two of the following perspectives: neuroscientific,psychodynamic,behavioral,cognitive,and humanistic.
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Q 131Q 131
Describe a current event or topic of public interest.Suggest how at least two of the major perspectives in contemporary psychology might shed light on the topic.
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Q 132Q 132
The text describes the role of psychology in addressing such current social concerns as a)the fallibility of eyewitness memory; b)economic recession; c)obesity; and d)terrorism.Select two of these issues and describe how psychologists in several different subfields might approach them.In your answer,make explicit reference to at least three of the following subfields: cognitive psychology,social psychology,personality psychology,and cross-cultural psychology.
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Q 133Q 133
Identify and briefly describe any two of the key issues or controversies in psychology discussed in the text.Suggest how each of the issues or controversies you describe might surface in one or more areas of study in today's psychology.
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Q 134Q 134
Compare and contrast several major perspectives in contemporary psychology with respect to at least three of the key issues or controversies in psychology that your text outlines.
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Q 135Q 135
It is the year 2031,ten years since you received a doctorate in psychology,and twenty since you took that first test in introductory psychology.Now a professor yourself,you wish to tell your own students how the field has changed since you began your study of psychology.Based on your text's discussion,which developments in science might you highlight?
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Q 136Q 136
You wish to help an aging family friend who is showing early signs of Alzheimer's disease.You hear about an inexpensive nutritional supplement that is supposed to slow or even reverse some of the memory losses associated with the onset of the disorder.Describe some of the steps you might take in thinking critically about the potential value of the supplement.
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