Quiz 1: Introduction to Psychology

Psychology is defined as the: A)intuition-based approach to study human behavior. B)speculative method to find answers about human cognition. C)study of mental disorders and their treatment. D)scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Akira has declared psychology as his major.He will be studying: A)internal medicine. B)behavior and mental processes. C)mental disorders and their diagnosis and treatment. D)the disorders of the central nervous system.

A single-sentence definition of psychology may be misleading because: A)it is very difficult to study the mind and behavior scientifically. B)psychology is a narrower,more specific field than a general definition might suggest. C)psychologists disagree on how broad psychology should really be. D)the discipline of psychology really has no core or center.

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology? A)Obfuscation B)Description C)Prediction D)Explanation

In order to study mind and behavior,psychologists: A)rely on the scientific method. B)use their intuition. C)rely on the study of internal medicine. D)use speculation.

In what way are the diverse subfields of psychology related? A)They allow psychologists to explain different types of behavior in the same way. B)They ultimately share a common goal. C)They always lead to an M.D.(Doctor of Medicine)degree. D)They are not related at all other than being considered part of psychology.

Dr.Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis.Dr.Alvarez's work BEST exemplifies the _____ subfield of psychology. A)cognitive B)experimental C)developmental D)behavioral neuroscience

Which of the following branches of psychology studies the processes of sensing,perceiving,learning,and thinking about the world? A)Behavioral neuroscience B)Developmental psychology C)Experimental psychology D)Health psychology

Which of the following subfields of psychology is INCORRECTLY matched with its description? A)Behavioral neuroscience: examines the relationship between the nervous system and behavior B)Cognitive: examines how people grow and change from conception through death C)Experimental: examines the processes of sensing,perceiving,learning,and thinking D)Clinical: deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders

Which of the following subfields of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with a sample topic? A)Behavioral neuroscience: the influence of chronic stress on physical health B)Developmental psychology: the effectiveness of drug therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder C)Cognitive psychology: the influence of an event on people's thinking D)Health psychology: the role that frustration plays in producing aggression

How are cognitive and experimental psychology related? A)They are the same. B)They are two completely distinct subfields of psychology. C)Cognitive psychology is part of experimental psychology. D)Experimental psychology is part of cognitive psychology.

_____ psychology focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language. A)Developmental B)Personality C)Clinical D)Cognitive

Why is the term experimental psychologist considered somewhat misleading? A)Psychologists in every subfield use the experimental method. B)The term is no longer in existence. C)Most psychological topics are not suited to experimental study. D)Experimental methods are only appropriate to the study of the biological bases of behavior.

Developmental psychology: A)focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems. B)studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death. C)focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language. D)deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders.

Personality psychology: A)focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems. B)focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another. C)focuses on higher mental processes,including thinking,memory,reasoning,problem solving,judging,decision making,and language. D)deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders.

Dr.Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood.Dr.Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another.Dr.Chen is a(n)_____ psychologist; Dr.Doherty is a _____. A)experimental psychologist; cognitive psychologist B)health psychologist; clinical psychologist C)developmental psychologist; personality psychologist D)clinical psychologist; counseling psychologist

Dr.Ebrahim examines how children's friendships change through elementary and middle-school years.Dr.Ebrahim is a(n)_____ psychologist. A)clinical B)evolutionary C)experimental D)developmental

At a conference on terrorism research,a panel of psychologists is discussing suicide bombers.Dr.Gerami outlines the role of charismatic leaders in encouraging the actions of suicide bombers.Dr.Hespeler argues that sometimes suicide bombing may be seen as a rational response to a particular system of beliefs.Finally,Dr.Islington reviews the internal traits associated with suicide bombing.Which of the following alternatives BEST identifies the subfields in which each of these psychologists probably specializes? A)Dr.Gerami: personality psychology; Dr.Hespeler: cross-cultural psychology; Dr.Islington: social psychology B)Dr.Gerami: social psychology; Dr.Hespeler: personality psychology; Dr.Islington: cross-cultural psychology C)Dr.Gerami: social psychology; Dr.Hespeler: cross-cultural psychology; Dr.Islington: personality psychology D)Dr.Gerami: cross-cultural psychology; Dr.Hespeler: experimental psychology; Dr.Islington: personality psychology

Enterprise City has been hard hit by a recent economic downturn.Local psychologists are holding a public workshop to help the citizens cope with the adversity.Dr.Kurutz is outlining strategies to help adults who have been laid off avoid overeating and the use of drugs or alcohol.Dr.Kurutz is most likely a(n)_____ psychologist. A)experimental B)cross-cultural C)social D)health

Which branch of psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease? A)Developmental psychology B)Health psychology C)Perceptual psychology D)Clinical neuropsychology

How do clinical and counseling psychology differ? A)Clinical psychology requires more advanced study than does counseling psychology. B)Clinical psychologists have a PhD or an MD degree,whereas counseling psychologists have a PsyD degree. C)Counseling psychologists deal with problems that are more specific than the problems that clinical psychologists deal with. D)Clinical and counseling psychology are synonymous.

Fiona helps students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)develop effective study regimens and strategies.Fiona is most likely a(n)_____ psychologist. A)health B)experimental C)developmental D)counseling

Counseling psychologists are more likely than clinical psychologists to practice in: A)hospitals. B)laboratories. C)offices. D)colleges.

Dr.Growe is reading about a research study in which psychologists investigated the effect of group size on the conformity of group members.Dr.Growe is most likely reading the Journal of _____ Psychology. A)Developmental B)Social C)Counseling D)Evolutionary

Social psychology: A)focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems. B)deals with the study,diagnosis,and treatment of psychological disorders. C)investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups. D)is the study of how people's thoughts,feelings,and actions are affected by others.

_____ psychologists concentrate on diverse topics such as human aggression,liking and loving,persuasion,and conformity. A)Counseling B)Social C)Evolutionary D)Clinical

Which of the following is NOT one of the three newer branches of psychology's family tree? A)Counseling psychology B)Behavioral genetics C)Evolutionary psychology D)Clinical neuropsychology

Evolutionary psychologists are especially interested in: A)how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors. B)how physical characteristics have a genetic basis. C)how thought and behavior are influenced by the structure of the brain. D)how personality traits and social behavior vary across cultures.

Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species was published in _____. A)1529 B)1739 C)1859 D)1939

In what way,if any,do evolutionary psychologists go beyond Darwin's arguments? A)They suggest that culture influences the nature of behavioral and mental processes. B)They argue that our genetic heritage influences our physical characteristics. C)They argue that our genetic inheritance determines aspects of our personality and social behavior. D)They do not go beyond Darwin's original arguments.

Dr.Lin and Dr.Marino both study obesity.Dr.Lin relates the likelihood of obesity to levels of the trait of neuroticism-the tendency to experience upsetting emotions.Dr.Marino relates obesity to the frequency with which individuals eat alone,with family members,or in the presence of larger groups of friends,acquaintances,or strangers.Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE regarding the subfields in which the researchers specialize? A)Dr.Marino is a social psychologist. B)Dr.Lin is a social psychologist. C)Dr.Marino is a personality psychologist. D)Dr.Lin is a behavioral psychologist.

Central State University's Department of Psychology is considering expanding its doctoral program to include an additional specialty.The department wants to focus on a "growth" area likely to attract federal research funding as well as up-and-coming new faculty and bright,passionate graduate students.Which of the following specialties should the department consider most closely? A)Developmental psychology B)Evolutionary psychology C)Perceptual psychology D)Clinical neuropsychology

What might be the most controversial aspect of the evolutionary psychology position? A)They hold the notion that our evolutionary heritage influences our physical characteristics. B)They promote the idea that our evolutionary heritage might influence aspects of our behavioral and mental processes. C)Evolutionary psychologists downplay the influence of biological inheritance on thought and behavior. D)Evolutionary psychologists minimize the role of environmental and social forces.

Which of the following areas of psychology focuses on the biological mechanisms that enable inherited behavior to unfold? A)Clinical neuropsychology B)Behavioral genetics C)Cognitive psychology D)Experimental psychology

Which of the following areas is CORRECTLY matched with its description? A)Evolutionary psychology: focuses on the biological mechanisms enabling inherited behavior to unfold B)Behavioral genetics: considers how our behavior is influenced by our genetic heritage from our ancestors C)Clinical neuropsychology: focuses on the biological origin of psychological disorders D)Cross-cultural psychology: examines the genetic basis of behavioral disorders

Dr.Hart investigates how depressive disorders are related to levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.Dr.Hart's research falls within the field of: A)clinical neuropsychology. B)behavioral genetics. C)cognitive psychology. D)experimental psychology.

Clinical neuropsychology: A)focuses primarily on educational,social,and career adjustment problems. B)considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors. C)seeks to understand how we might inherit certain behavioral traits. D)focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors.

Beatriz has just received her doctoral degree in psychology.All else being equal,in which of the following settings is she most likely to find employment? A)A college/university B)The military C)A hospital D)A large business corporation

The local state university has opened a new center devoted to the study and treatment of obesity,a major public health problem in the area.Dr.Nolan is researching the potential of a drug that influences the activity of hunger centers in the brain's hypothalamus.Dr.Osterman attempts to uncover the unconscious conflicts that may spur compulsive eating.Which of the following statements best describes the orientations of these two psychologists? A)Dr.Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr.Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist. B)Dr.Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr.Osterman is a counseling psychologist. C)Dr.Nolan is a social psychologist; Dr.Osterman is a humanistic psychologist. D)Dr.Nolan is a behavioral psychologist; Dr.Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist.

Approximately how many psychologists are there in the United States? A)50,000 B)100,000 C)300,000 D)600,000

Currently,women earn _____ of new psychology doctorate degrees in the United States. A)one-tenth B)half C)three-fourth D)ninety percent

Which figure best approximates the percentage of American psychologists who belong to racial minority groups? A)6% B)15% C)25% D)32%

Which of the following statements concerning the representation of racial and ethnic minorities among American psychologists is TRUE? A)The number of minority members entering the field is about the same as it was 10 years ago. B)The number of minority members entering the field is higher than it was 10 years ago. C)The increase in the number of degrees awarded to minority members has outpaced the growth of the minority population. D)The number of minority members entering the field has decreased over the years.

Today,around _____% of new master's degrees and _____% of new doctorate degrees are awarded to people of color. A)50; 15 B)20; 16 C)32; 8 D)50; 25

How is the diversity of psychology limited in the United States? A)Racial and ethnic minorities are underrepresented among psychologists. B)The majority of psychologists are male. C)Psychologists in the United States far outnumber those in all other countries combined. D)Most research is conducted outside the United States.

Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to be a psychologist? A)Dionne,who holds a PhD degree B)Everett,who has an MD degree C)Fallon,who graduated with a PsyD degree D)Melinda who has written a dissertation on drug abuse and is now teaching at a university

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the difference between PhD and the PsyD degrees? A)A PhD requires more years of study than a PsyD. B)A PhD requires a dissertation based on an original investigation. C)Fewer people earn a PhD than a PsyD. D)A PhD is obtained by psychologists who wish to focus exclusively on the treatment of psychological disorders.

Callie works in the field of psychology.All else being equal,there is about a _____chance that her highest degree is a master's degree. A)fifth B)fourth C)third D)sixth

Kristen is a psychology major.Immediately following graduation,she will most likely: A)join the workforce. B)feel that her job is unrelated to her psychology background. C)continue to graduate school. D)remain unemployed.

Psychology majors are highly valued by employers because they can: A)strategize effectively. B)think critically. C)help other workers with their personal problems. D)communicate effectively with their co-workers.

The most common employment sector for students graduating with a bachelor's degree in psychology is _____. A)education B)business C)the local government D)social services

The field of phrenology is associated with: A)Gall. B)Wundt. C)Descartes. D)Ebbinghaus.

_____ believed that children were born into the world with minds like "blank slates" and that their experiences determined what kind of adults they would become. A)Locke B)Plato C)Wundt D)Descartes

The phrase tabula rasa may be translated as: A)red tablet. B)raised table. C)new table. D)blank slate.

The formal beginning of psychology is associated with: A)Wundt. B)James. C)Descartes. D)Ebbinghaus.

Which of the following locations is associated with the formal beginning of psychology? A)China B)Germany C)Spain D)England

Wundt began operating the first psychology lab in _____. A)1459 B)1739 C)1879 D)1902

Dr.Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to identify the fundamental attributes of mental experience.Dr.Leleux appears most sympathetic to the _____ perspective in psychology. A)functionalist B)prescriptive C)structuralist D)humanistic

_____ is a procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus. A)Inner perception B)Introspection C)Internal observation D)Intervention

Lassandra takes a sip of cola."Sweet...cold,wet,tingly...slightly bitter," she reports.Lassandra is: A)introspecting. B)demonstrating functionalism. C)defining umami. D)taking an intelligence test.

Which of the following was a disadvantage of introspection? A)Introspection was a complicated process. B)Introspection was time consuming. C)Introspection was too simplistiC. D)Introspection was not truly scientific.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the structuralist perspective of psychology? A)The structuralist perspective was supplanted by other views. B)The structuralist perspective triumphed over alternative ones. C)The structuralist perspective continues to coexist with other views in psychology. D)The structuralist perspective has waned somewhat,but it still remains influential today.

Which perspective most immediately replaced structuralism in the early days of scientific psychology? A)Behaviorism B)Humanism C)Functionalism D)Gestalt psychology

_____ is an early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments. A)Structuralism B)Functionalism C)Introspection D)Gestalt psychology

A time travel mishap lands you at one of the first psychology conferences ever held,sometime at the dawn of the 20th century.The graying older scientists slowly losing their grip on the field are most likely _____,whereas the passionate young up-and-comers are probably _____. A)structuralists; functionalists B)functionalists; developmentalists C)humanists; structuralists D)humanists; functionalists

In the context of the psychology of emotion,William James and John Dewey would be most interested in: A)the contribution of unconscious memories to one's emotional experience. B)the basic nature of an emotional feeling or experience. C)how behavior aids one's adaptation to the environment. D)the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense.

Which of the following psychologists is associated with functionalism? A)William James B)Max Wertheimer C)Hermann Ebbinghaus D)Wilhelm Wundt

Gestalt psychology may be seen as a reaction to _____. A)the psychodynamic perspective B)humanism C)functionalism D)structuralism

Which of the following approaches to psychology might have been most likely to remind the audience that "the whole is different than the sum of the parts"? A)Phrenology B)Functionalism C)Structuralism D)Gestalt psychology

The Gestalt psychologists made substantial contribution to our understanding of: A)memory. B)perception. C)emotion. D)motivation.

Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description? A)Structuralism: emphasized what the mind does B)Functionalism: emphasized the elements of mental experience C)Humanism: emphasized the unconscious determinants of behavior D)Gestalt psychology: emphasized the organization of perception

Donna-Lynn is preparing a visual display of psychology's early history.One panel is headed "The Gay '90s." It portrays developments in the 1890s.Another panel is titled "The Roaring '20s." It is devoted to the 1920s.Which theoretical perspectives in psychology should appear in each of these panels? A)Gay '90s: functionalism; Roaring '20s: Gestalt psychology B)Gay '90s: behaviorism; Roaring '20s: structuralism C)Gay '90s: functionalism; Roaring '20s: behaviorism D)Gay '90s: Gestalt psychology; Roaring '20s: structuralism

Which of the following figures best approximates the number of major perspectives in psychology? A)One or two B)About five C)A dozen or so D)As many as there are psychologists

The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain,the nervous system,and other biological functions is known as the _____ perspective. A)psychodynamic B)nature-nurture C)cognitive D)neuroscience

The neuroscience perspective: A)suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow,develop,and be in control of their lives and behavior. B)focuses on how people think,understand,and know about the world. C)considers how people and nonhumans function biologically. D)argues that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control.

Which contemporary perspective is CORRECTLY matched with its description? A)Psychodynamic perspective: emphasizes the automatic response of an individual to environmental stimuli B)Humanistic perspective: emphasizes how people know,understand,and think about the world C)Behavioral perspective: emphasizes observable behavior and objectivity D)Neuroscience perspective: emphasizes that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control

Noreen asserts that our behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control.This viewpoint is most consistent with the _____ perspective in psychology. A)psychodynamic B)humanistic C)cognitive D)neuroscience

To many people who have never taken a psychology course,psychology begins and ends with the _____ perspective. A)neuroscience B)behavioral C)cognitive D)psychodynamic

Contributions of the psychodynamic perspective include all of the following EXCEPT: A)a way to understand and treat certain types of psychological disorders. B)a way to understand such phenomena as prejudice and aggression. C)a revolutionary effect on 20th-century thinking not only in psychology but in related fields as well. D)a way to look at behavior in a more concrete,objective fashion.

Penny is a recovering drug addict.Her treatment program emphasizes the influence of her environment-"people,places,and things"-on her use of her drug of choice.Her program reflects the _____ perspective in psychology. A)psychodynamic B)behavioral C)cognitive D)neuroscience

Dr.Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable,measurable behavior.Dr.Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think about and understand the world.Which option below CORRECTLY identifies their respective perspectives? A)Dr.Greenway-behavioral perspective; Dr.Cech-cognitive perspective B)Dr.Greenway-cognitive perspective; Dr.Cech-behavioral perspective C)Dr.Greenway-behavioral perspective; Dr.Cech-humanistic perspective D)Dr.Greenway-psychodynamic perspective; Dr.Cech-humanistic perspective

Which of the following psychologists is associated with the behavioral perspective? A)Rogers B)Skinner C)Maslow D)Hollingworth

The computer metaphor is at the heart of the _____ perspective. A)cognitive B)neuroscience C)behavioral D)humanistic

The cognitive perspective is said to have evolved in part from the _____ perspective in early psychology and to represent a reaction to _____. A)structuralist; humanism B)structuralist; behaviorism C)humanist; behaviorism D)humanist; functionalism

Driving to work one day,Owen suspects that drivers talking on their cell phones pay less attention to the road than do other drivers.This hypothesis would most likely be tested by a _____ psychologist. A)behavioral B)humanistic C)cognitive D)psychodynamic

The humanistic perspective rejects the view that behavior reflects biological forces,unconscious processes,or the environment.In other words,it rejects the _____,_____,and _____ perspectives,respectively. A)cognitive; psychodynamic; behavioral B)neuroscience; cognitive; behavioral C)cognitive; psychodynamic; neuroscience D)neuroscience; psychodynamic; behavioral

The emphasis of the humanistic perspective is on: A)free will. B)environmental determinism. C)natural selection. D)unconscious motives.

Free will stands in contrast to _____. A)naturism B)unconscious motives C)determinism D)natural selection

Dr.Petrovic tries to help his clients see how their behavior reflects choices they have made.He is most likely a _____ therapist. A)psychodynamic B)clinical neuroscience C)humanistic D)gestalt

Psychologists adhering to the _____ perspective are probably the LEAST likely to take a "nature" stance on the nature vs.nurture issue. A)behaviorist B)cognitive C)neuroscience D)evolutionary

Which of the following perspectives of psychology emphasizes observable responses? A)Behavioral B)Cognitive C)Neuroscience D)Psychodynamic

Recall Watson's quote: "Give me a dozen healthy infants,well-formed,and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select-doctor,lawyer,artist,merchant-chief,and yes,even beggar-man and thief,regardless of his talents,penchants,tendencies,abilities,vocations and race of his ancestors." If 1 = extreme nature and 10 = extreme nurture,where would you place Watson on the nature vs.nurture issue? A)1 or 2 B)3 or 4 C)5 or 6 D)9 or 10

Dr.Quinones studies the achievement motivation of junior high school students.He asserts that such motivation mainly reflects the parenting and educational practices the students have experienced.This statement is most directly related to the _____ issue; Dr.Quinones' position is toward the _____ end of the continuum. A)nature vs.nurture; nature B)nature vs.nurture; nurture C)observable behavior vs.internal mental processes; observable behavior D)observable behavior vs.internal mental processes; internal mental processes

Dr.Reynolds believes that depression reflects aspects of a patient's early relationship with her parents of which she may be completely unaware.Dr.Smith,by contrast,argues that depression stems from a patient's negative self-talk.The two psychologists appear to disagree on the _____ issue. A)nature vs.nurture B)conscious vs.unconscious causes C)free will vs.determinism D)structuralism vs.functionalism

_____ is the idea that people's behavior is produced primarily by factors outside of their willful control. A)Naturism B)Vigilantism C)Determinism D)Factualism

Individual differences are to universal principles what the _____ perspective is to the _____ perspective. A)neuroscience; humanistic B)cognitive; behavioral C)humanistic; neuroscience D)behavioral; cognitive

Rob is a 16-year-old American student; Yoon-Sook is a 16-year-old Asian student.Rob and Yoon-Sook,respectively,are likely to attribute academic success to _____ and _____. A)unchanging causes; situational factors B)effort; natural ability C)effort; situational factors D)natural ability; unchanging causes

Race is to ethnicity what _____ is to _____. A)the individual; biology B)biology; culture C)culture; biology D)the individual; culture

Which of the following is NOT a likely trend in psychology's near future? A)Psychology will become increasingly specialized. B)Neuroscientific approaches will have an increasing influence on psychology. C)Psychology will become an increasingly unified discipline. D)Diversity will assume increasing importance in psychology.

Pablo is taking part in a psychology experiment.He watches two political campaign ads-one highlighting the candidate's positive attributes and another emphasizing the opponent's negative features.During each ad,Pablo's brain is scanned.This experiment is most likely conducted by a _____ neuroscientist. A)clinical B)social C)behavioral D)counseling

Strategies aimed at encouraging one to examine assumptions,evaluate assertions,and think more carefully are specifically called _____ techniques. A)normative B)description-based C)chunking D)critical thinking

Psychology is the science of .

Dr.Thibodeaux examines sensory,learning,and cognitive processes.She is a(n)psychologist.

Ursula is interested in helping students develop effective study practices and manage test anxiety.Her advisor suggests that she consider a career in psychology.

Consider the fields of evolutionary psychology,behavioral genetics,and clinical neuropsychology.Of these three fields,is the least specific in its focus.

The relatively new field of unites the areas of neuroscience and clinical psychology.

Most psychologists have a doctorate,either a PhD or a(n).

Of the two degrees,PhD and PsyD,the less research-oriented is the .

Associated with William James,the perspective focused on what the mind does.

The psychodynamic perspective originated in the work of ,an Austrian physician.

The perspective was championed by B.F.Skinner.

The perspective focuses on how people think,understand,and know about the world.

According to the cognitive perspective,thinking is similar to by a computer.

Many psychologists who adhere to the cognitive perspective compare human thinking to the workings of a(n).

Wanda is a humanistic psychologist who believes that behavior reflects an individual's own choices-that is,she endorses the notion of .

The humanistic perspective is explicit in its rejection of ,the notion that behavior is caused by factors outside the individual's control.

psychologists adopting a psychodynamic perspective argue that psychological disorders are brought about by unconscious factors.

While neuroscientists tend to seek universal principles of behavior,humanistic psychologists are more interested in .

is a broad term that refers to cultural background,nationality,religion,and language.

Dr.Young activates social stereotypes his participants might hold; simultaneously,he records changes in the brain's electrical activity.Dr.Young is part of an evolving field known as .

Strategies enabling one to scrutinize assumptions,evaluate assertions,and think more carefully are called techniques.

Dr.MacGyvers is a developmental psychologist,Dr.Cooper is a cross-cultural psychologist,and Dr.Breaux is a cognitive psychologist.For each of these psychologists,briefly define the subfield in which he or she specializes and suggest one issue or question in which he or she might be especially interested.

Evolutionary psychology,behavioral genetics,and clinical neuropsychology are three growing fields on the frontiers of today's psychology.Briefly describe each of these fields and suggest a topic that a psychologist in each might investigate.

Briefly,in 1-2 paragraphs,discuss the under representation of racial and ethnic minorities among psychologists in the United States and the significance this may have on the field as a whole.Please provide one possible example that illustrates the effects this may have.

Briefly discuss what types of education level,or degree,different types of psychologists have and how many years one might expect to invest earning said degrees.Does the area of psychology one is interested in working in dictate the level of schooling required? Please provide two examples that relate area of work interest and degree necessary to illustrate your statements.

What are the career options available to psychology majors?

Briefly describe Gestalt psychology and functionalism in one paragraph each.Also,compare and contrast these two approaches.

You have been invited to participate in a program aimed at encouraging high school girls to pursue scientific careers.You wish to tell the girls that despite formidable obstacles,women made many important contributions to the science of psychology in its earliest days.Outline several points you might make in support of your argument.

List and briefly describe three major perspectives in contemporary psychology.Identify one or two prominent psychologists associated with each of the perspectives you list.

Describe a behavioral or mental phenomenon in which you are especially interested.Discuss how the phenomenon might be approached from at least two of the following perspectives: neuroscientific,psychodynamic,behavioral,cognitive,and humanistic.

Describe a current event or topic of public interest.Suggest how at least two of the major perspectives in contemporary psychology might shed light on the topic.

The text describes the role of psychology in addressing such current social concerns as a)the fallibility of eyewitness memory; b)economic recession; c)obesity; and d)terrorism.Select two of these issues and describe how psychologists in several different subfields might approach them.In your answer,make explicit reference to at least three of the following subfields: cognitive psychology,social psychology,personality psychology,and cross-cultural psychology.

Identify and briefly describe any two of the key issues or controversies in psychology discussed in the text.Suggest how each of the issues or controversies you describe might surface in one or more areas of study in today's psychology.

Compare and contrast several major perspectives in contemporary psychology with respect to at least three of the key issues or controversies in psychology that your text outlines.

It is the year 2031,ten years since you received a doctorate in psychology,and twenty since you took that first test in introductory psychology.Now a professor yourself,you wish to tell your own students how the field has changed since you began your study of psychology.Based on your text's discussion,which developments in science might you highlight?

You wish to help an aging family friend who is showing early signs of Alzheimer's disease.You hear about an inexpensive nutritional supplement that is supposed to slow or even reverse some of the memory losses associated with the onset of the disorder.Describe some of the steps you might take in thinking critically about the potential value of the supplement.