Quiz 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

_____ is treatment in which a trained professional-a therapist-uses psychological techniques to help someone overcome psychological difficulties and disorders,resolve problems in living,or bring about personal growth. A)Phototherapy B)Psychotherapy C)Biomedical therapy D)Physiotherapy

Therapy that relies on drugs and other medical procedures to improve psychological functioning is referred to as _____ A)phototherapy B)psychotherapy C)biomedical therapy D)physiotherapy

Dr.Andersen attempts to bring about personal growth by using psychological techniques; Dr.Bradley attempts to improve psychological functioning through the use of psychotropic medication.Dr.Andersen practices _____; Dr.Bradley,_____. A)psychotherapy; psychoanalysis B)psychotherapy; biomedical therapy C)psychoanalysis; biotherapy D)physiotherapy; psychotherapy

Today therapists use a(n)_____ approach to therapy,which means they use a variety of methods with an individual patient. A)existential B)behavioral C)psychoanalytical D)eclectic

_____ are professionals with a Ph.D.or Psy.D.who have also completed a postgraduate internship.They specialize in assessment and treatment of psychological difficulties,providing psychotherapy and,in some U.S.states,can prescribe drugs. A)Psychoanalysts B)Psychiatrists C)Psychiatric social workers D)Clinical psychologists

_____ are professionals with a Ph.D.or Ed.D.who typically treat day-to-day adjustment problems,often in a university mental health clinic. A)Counseling psychologists B)Psychiatrists C)Licensed professional counselors D)Psychoanalysts

Which of the following mental health professionals is correctly matched with a brief description? A)Counseling psychologist-treats everyday adjustment problems,often in a university mental health clinic B)Psychiatrist-specializes in Freudian treatment techniques C)Psychoanalyst-prescribes medication and treats severe disorders D)Clinical social worker-holds Ph.D. ; assesses and treats psychological difficulties

Which of the following professionals most likely has a Ph.D.? A)Counseling psychologists B)Psychiatrists C)Licensed professional counselors D)Psychoanalysts

Professionals with a master's degree who provide therapy to individuals,couples,and families and who hold a national or state certification are called _____. A)counseling psychologists B)psychiatrists C)licensed professional counselors D)psychoanalysts

Professionals with a master's degree and specialized training who may provide therapy,usually regarding common family and personal problems,are called _____. A)counseling psychologists B)psychiatric social workers C)licensed professional counselors D)psychoanalysts

_____ therapy seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious,where patients may deal with the problems more effectively. A)Cognitive B)Psychodynamic C)Behavioral D)Humanistic

Psychodynamic therapy involves: A)the consideration of unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses. B)the use of drugs and medical procedures. C)behavior modification techniques. D)an attempt to challenge the patient's current thinking patterns.

The most common defense mechanism is _____. A)dissociation B)projection C)reaction formation D)repression

Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between psychoanalysis and psychotherapy? A)Psychoanalysis is limited to only dream analysis. B)Psychotherapy is one type of psychoanalysis. C)Psychoanalysis is one type of psychotherapy. D)The two are unrelated.

_____ was developed by Freud in which the goal is to release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to reduce their power in controlling behavior. A)Psychoanalysis B)Transactional analysis C)Meta-analysis D)Microarray analysis

The surface description of a dream is called the _____ content. A)latent B)philological C)semiotic D)manifest

The underlying meaning of a dream which is the TRUE unconscious meaning of the dream is called _____ content. A)latent B)philological C)semiotic D)manifest

Noah dreams that he suddenly becomes paralyzed as he tries to cross a busy intersection.In Freudian terms,this is the _____ content of Noah's dream.The underlying meaning of the dream is the _____ content. A)manifest; repressed B)manifest; latent C)repressed; manifest D)repressed; latent

_____ is an inability or unwillingness to discuss or reveal particular memories,thoughts,or motivations. A)Resistance B)Transference C)Dissociation D)Projection

After telling his psychoanalyst about his relationship with his ex-wife for a few minutes,Jerome suddenly changes the subject.Jerome is exhibiting: A)resistance. B)transference. C)a latent conflict. D)projection.

_____ is the transmission of feelings to a psychoanalyst of love or anger that had been originally directed to a patient's parents or other authority figures. A)Regression B)Transference C)Dissociation D)Projection

What is transference? A)The transfer of a learned response from one task to another similar task B)The transfer of irrational cognitions to the self C)The transfer of strong feelings about parents or authority figures to a psychoanalyst D)A behavioral technique invented to facilitate the transfer of learned behaviors from the session to the outside world

Which of the following is a suitable way of handling transference? A)The therapist should discourage and attempt to minimize the patient's transference. B)The therapist can take advantage of transference to help the patient "redo" difficult relationships. C)The therapist should simply ignore the patient's transference. D)The therapist should refer the patient to another professional toward whom the patient is unlikely to demonstrate transference.

How does contemporary psychodynamic therapy differ from classic psychoanalysis? A)Contemporary psychodynamic therapy generally lasts longer than classic psychoanalysis. B)Today,psychoanalysis takes a less directive role than was the case in the past. C)Classic psychoanalysts concentrated more on an individual's current relationships and specific complaints than contemporary therapists. D)Contemporary therapist puts less emphasis on a patient's past history and childhood than classic psychoanalysts.

Despite being criticized,why has psychodynamic therapy remained a viable approach to psychological treatment? A)It facilitates the development of deep insight into one's life. B)It is brief and inexpensive. C)It is more objective than are some other forms of therapy. D)It doesn't differentiate between articulate and less verbal patients.

_____ treatment approaches make use of the basic processes of learning,such as reinforcement and extinction,and assume that normal and abnormal behaviors are both learned. A)Cognitive B)Psychodynamic C)Behavioral D)Humanistic

Which of the following approaches to psychotherapy is correctly matched with its description? A)Psychodynamic approach-Treatment aims to change maladaptive thinking patterns. B)Behavioral approach-Classical and operant conditioning principles are used to change people's behavior. C)Psychoanalysis approach-Treatment aims to change a patient's dysfunctional cognitions about the world. D)Humanistic approach-Therapy aims to bring unconscious conflicts and impulses into the conscious.

According to a behavior therapist,how might psychological disorders be treated most effectively? A)The client should learn new behaviors to replace the faulty skills. B)Patients should say aloud whatever comes to mind. C)Unconscious conflicts should be brought to light. D)Neurotransmitter irregularities should be rectified through drugs.

_____ is a form of therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior. A)Systematic desensitization B)Aversive conditioning C)Manifest structuring D)Exposure treatment

_____ is a behavioral technique in which gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety. A)Systematic desensitization B)Aversive conditioning C)Manifest structuring D)Exposure treatment

Giovanni abuses cocaine; Hans has a dog phobia.Which alternative below correctly identifies the behavioral treatment most appropriate for each of these individuals? A)Giovanni-aversive conditioning; Hans-exposure treatment B)Giovanni-systematic desensitization; Hans-exposure treatment C)Giovanni-aversive conditioning; Hans-systematic desensitization D)Giovanni-exposure treatment; Hans-aversive conditioning

A hierarchy of fears may be used in: A)aversive conditioning. B)systematic desensitization. C)transference. D)manifest structuring.

_____ is a behavioral treatment for anxiety in which people are confronted either suddenly or gradually with a stimulus that they fear. A)Aversive conditioning B)Systematic desensitization C)Transference D)Flooding

How do flooding treatments differ from systematic desensitization? A)Flooding treatments use a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli; systematic desensitization does not. B)Flooding treatment gauges neurotic symptoms; systematic desensitization does not. C)Flooding treatment does not use learned relaxation techniques; systematic desensitization does. D)Flooding treatment is a very complicated form of therapy; systematic desensitization is not.

Which of the following operant conditioning techniques is incorrectly paired with its description? A)Token system-An individual is rewarded for desired behavior with such items as chips or play money,which he or she can exchange for desired items. B)Contingency contracting-The therapist and client create a written agreement specifying the consequences for desirable and undesirable behaviors. C)Observational learning-An individual models desired behavior for the client. D)Token system-The therapist reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an aversive,unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior.

_____ rewards a person for desired behavior with a poker chip or some kind of play money. A)The token system B)Contingency contracting C)Observational learning D)The appraisal technique

The token system is most often used: A)in institutional settings,for individuals with relatively serious problems. B)as an appraisal technique. C)by friends in a dorm. D)as a classroom management technique.

In _____,the therapist and client (or teacher and student or parent and child)draw up a written agreement. A)the token system B)contingency contracting C)observational learning D)the appraisal technique

_____ is the process in which the behavior of other people is modeled to systematically teach people new skills and ways of handling their fears and anxieties. A)Token systematization B)Contingency contracting C)Observational learning D)Exposure therapy

A client with social anxiety watches a film in which an individual greets strangers in a crowded room,makes small talk,and smiles pleasantly.The individual in the film appears to gain pleasure from these activities.The behavior therapy technique used in this scenario is: A)token systematization. B)contingency contracting. C)observational learning. D)aversive conditioning.

_____ is said to occur when therapists imparting certain basic social skills to their clients maintain eye contact and act assertively. A)Observational learning B)Contingency contracting C)Dialectical behavior therapy D)Behavioral activation

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding behavior therapy? A)It is especially effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders. B)It can produce actual changes in the functioning of the brain. C)It is actually based mainly on psychoanalytic ideas. D)It has no problem other than the maladaptive behavior itself.

How might one best respond to the charge that behavior therapy produces only a superficial change in external behavior? A)Research shows that behavior therapies produce the same sorts of insights into one's life that one associates with psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies. B)Neuroscientific evidence shows that behavioral treatments produce actual changes in the functioning of the brain. C)External behavior is a result of internal functions. D)Research shows that behavior therapies and cognitive therapies are fundamentally the same.

_____ evidence shows that behavioral treatments can produce actual changes in brain functioning,which suggests that behavioral treatments can produce changes beyond external behavior. A)Neuroscientific B)Psychodynamic C)Cognitive D)Hearsay

_____ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional notions about the world and themselves. A)Cognitive B)Psychodynamic C)Behavioral D)Humanistic

_____ approach is a treatment approach that incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think. A)Psychodynamic-cognitive B)Humanistic-behavioral C)Cognitive-behavioral D)Psychodynamic-humanistic

_____ is a form of therapy that attempts to restructure a person's belief system into a more realistic,rational,and logical set of views by challenging dysfunctional beliefs that maintain irrational behavior. A)Multi-modal therapy B)Rational-emotive behavior therapy C)Dialectical-behavior therapy D)Prolonged-exposure therapy

Characteristics of cognitive treatment approaches include each of the following EXCEPT that: A)it is relatively short term. B)it focuses on concrete problems. C)it involves an active therapist. D)it is not structured.

Which of the following therapies emphasizes the challenging of irrational,unrealistic beliefs? A)Multi-modal therapy B)Rational-emotive behavior therapy C)Dialectical-behavior therapy D)Prolonged-exposure therapy

Rational-emotive therapy is associated with _____; cognitive-behavioral approach with _____. A)Beck; Ellis B)Beck; Seligman C)Ellis; Beck D)Ellis; Seligman

Which of the following alternatives correctly illustrates a term in Ellis's A-B-C model? A)Activating condition-"I must get the top score in the class; a perfect score." B)Irrational belief-extreme anxiety C)Emotional consequence-a midterm test is scheduled for next week D)Irrational belief-"I will never get a good score on my test."

In _____ appraisal,clients are asked to evaluate situations,themselves,and others in terms of their memories,values,beliefs,thoughts,and expectations. A)cognitive B)psychodynamic C)behavioral D)humanistic

How is cognitive therapy different from rational-emotive therapy? A)It entails a more confrontational therapist. B)It entails a less confrontational therapist. C)It is relatively long term and loosely structured. D)It aims to change people's behavior,rather than their thought pattern.

Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the strengths of the cognitive approach to treatment? A)It encourages deep insight into one's life. B)It has been successful in dealing with a wide range of problems. C)It is flexible and open to incorporating elements of other approaches to treatment. D)Therapy tends to be highly structured and focused on concrete problems.

_____ therapy is therapy in which the underlying rationale is that people have control of their behavior,can make choices about their lives,and are essentially responsible for solving their own problems. A)Cognitive B)Psychodynamic C)Behavioral D)Humanistic

According to humanistic therapists,psychological disorders result from: A)the inability to find meaning in life and connection to others. B)unconscious conflicts and early experiences. C)irrational thought patterns. D)faulty learning.

Person-centered therapy is a specific type of _____ therapy. A)cognitive B)psychodynamic C)behavioral D)humanistic

Person-centered therapy was developed in the _____ by _____. A)1920s; Albert Ellis B)1950s; Carl Rogers C)1970s; Carl Rogers D)1990s; Aaron Beck

Therapy in which the goal is to reach one's potential for self-actualization is known as _____ therapy. A)self-help B)person-centered C)interpersonal D)group

In person-centered therapy,the therapist: A)challenges the client's irrational statements. B)teaches the client cognitive appraisal techniques. C)uses the token system to monitor behavior. D)provides unconditional positive regard.

Which of the following terms most nearly captures the essence of unconditional positive regard? A)Directional B)Empathetic C)Judgmental D)Challenging

How is contemporary person-centered therapy different than it was in Rogers's day? A)Therapists are even less directive now than in the past. B)The patient's insight is now seen as less central to the therapeutic process. C)Therapists are more likely to nudge clients towards insights rather than merely reflecting back their statements. D)Person-centered therapy is used today in its purest form.

_____ therapy refers to short-term therapy that focuses on the context of current social relationships. A)Self-help B)Person-centered C)Interpersonal D)Group

Interpersonal therapy derives from _____ approaches to therapy,but it is _____. A)psychodynamic; shorter and more directive B)psychodynamic; longer and less directive C)humanistic; shorter and more directive D)humanistic; longer and less directive

Therapy in which people meet collectively with a therapist to discuss problems is specifically known as _____ therapy. A)client-centered B)person-centered C)interpersonal D)group

Regarding group therapy,which of the following statements is TRUE? A)Group therapy is generally more economical than individual therapy. B)In group therapy,the therapist is usually highly directive. C)Shy individuals benefit more from group therapy than do assertive people. D)Group therapies are for shorter durations than individual therapies.

Family therapy practitioners believe each of the following statements EXCEPT: A)individual members of a family may be treated successfully in isolation. B)the family as a single unit to which each member contributes. C)an individual member of the family cannot be treated successfully without simultaneously involving other family members. D)family members tend to take on set roles with respect to each other.

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)is an example of _____ therapy. A)client-centered B)self-help C)person-centered D)interpersonal

In 1952,noted psychologist _____ published a study challenging the effectiveness of _____ therapy. A)Eysenck; humanistic B)Eysenck; psychodynamic C)Cattell; cognitive D)Cattell; behavioral

Today,most psychologists: A)echo Eysenck's 1952 position on the effectiveness of psychotherapy. B)dispute Eysenck's 1952 position on the effectiveness of psychotherapy. C)believe that psychotherapy is only minimally effective,especially as compared to drug therapy. D)accept that the symptoms of abnormal behavior go away by themselves if left untreated.

A research technique in which data from a large number of studies are statistically combined is known as: A)matrix analysis. B)factor analysis. C)meta-analysis. D)correlational analysis.

The effectiveness of various approaches to therapy found that although success rates vary somewhat by treatment form,most treatments show that success rates range from about _____% greater success for treated compared with untreated individuals. A)15-20 B)25-30 C)70-85 D)90-95

Research shows that behavioral therapy is roughly _____% more effective than no treatment at all. A)15 B)25 C)60 D)80

_____ approaches to psychotherapy tend to be more successful than do _____ approaches. A)Psychodynamic and humanistic; behavioral cognitive B)Cognitive behavioral; psychodynamic C)Cognitive and humanistic; behavioral and psychodynamic D)Behavioral and client-centered; cognitive and psychodynamic

What proportion of people fail to benefit from psychotherapy? A)2% B)5% C)10% D)25%

Which of the following statements is most TRUE? A)Different forms of therapy work best in different situations. B)People who don't attend therapy do just as well as people who do. C)The effectiveness of the different treatments is the same in all cases. D)Psychotherapy can safely be said to be beneficial for everyone.

No greater change has occurred in mental hospitals than the successful introduction in the mid-_____ of antipsychotic drugs. A)1940s B)1950s C)1960s D)1970s

The first major antipsychotic drug to be introduced was _____; it was used to treat _____. A)paliperidone; bipolar disorder B)paliperidone; schizophrenia C)chlorpromazine; bipolar disorder D)chlorpromazine; schizophrenia

The newest antipsychotics are called _____ antipsychotics. A)depot B)atypical C)tricyclic D)typical

Atypical antipsychotics affect both _____ and _____ levels in certain parts of the brain. A)serotonin; dopamine B)prolactin; histamine C)epinephrine; GABA D)oxytocin; glycine

Tricyclic drugs,MAO inhibitors,and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are examples of which class of drugs? A)Antipsychotics B)Mood stabilizers C)Antianxiety drugs D)Antidepressants

Which of the following is NOT among the neurotransmitters that are influenced by the various antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs? A)Endorphins B)Norepinephrine C)Serotonin D)Dopamine

Prozac is an example of a(n)_____. A)antipsychotic drug B)antidepressant drug C)mood stabilizer D)antianxiety drug

Which type of antidepressant is matched with the correct neurotransmitter action? A)Tricyclics-increase activity of neurotransmitter GABA B)SSRIs-prevent neurotransmitter breakdown C)MAO inhibitors-increase norepinephrine D)SSRIs-inhibit reuptake of serotonin

_____ are a class of medications used in cases of severe depression to improve a patient's mood and feeling of well-being. A)Mood stabilizers B)Antianxiety drugs C)Antipsychotic drugs D)Antidepressant drugs

Which drug class is correctly matched with a drug that represents it? A)Antidepressants-lithium B)Antipsychotics-Chlorpromazine C)Mood stabilizers-Xanax D)Antianxiety drugs-Prozac

Which drug class is matched with the correct neurotransmitter action? A)Mood stabilizers-increase norepinephrine activity B)Antipsychotics-block dopamine receptors C)Antidepressants-increase activity of GABA D)Antianxiety drugs-inhibit serotonin reuptake

Drugs that reduce the level of worry or tension a person experiences essentially by reducing excitability and increasing feelings of well-being are known as _____. A)mood stabilizers B)antianxiety drugs C)antipsychotic drugs D)antidepressant drugs

Approximately what percentage of U.S.families have a member who has taken an antianxiety drug? A)10% B)25% C)35% D)50%

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)was introduced in the _____; it is used to treat severe _____. A)1930s; depression B)1930s; anxiety C)1950s; depression D)1950s; anxiety

Which of the following is NOT one of the negative consequences of the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? A)Disorientation and confusion B)Memory loss C)Sudden death D)Potential brain damage

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)is used to treat: A)depression. B)bipolar disorder. C)schizophrenia. D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Which of the following is TRUE of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)? A)It uses an electrical current. B)It is still experimental. C)It is not as popular as it used to be. D)It does not have any side effects.

In the _____,surgeons performed prefrontal lobotomy on thousands of patients often with little precision. A)1920s and 1930s B)1930s and 1940s C)1940s and 1950s D)1950s and 1960s

A newer form of psychosurgery-cingulotomy-is used in cases of: A)obsessive-compulsive disorder. B)bipolar disorder. C)major depression. D)schizophrenia.

Radiation is used to destroy specific brain areas in a type of psychosurgery called _____; it is used to treat _____. A)transcranial magnetic stimulation; obsessive-compulsive disorder B)transcranial magnetic stimulation; major depression C)gamma knife surgery; obsessive-compulsive disorder D)gamma knife surgery; major depression

Community psychology came of age in the _____; its aim was to minimize psychological disorders. A)1960s B)1970s C)1980s D)1990s

Which of the following best represents the percentage of homeless adults who have a major psychological disorder? A)5-10% B)15-35% C)75-85% D)50-60%

College students in counseling are treated in only _____ sessions on average. A)three B)five C)ten D)twelve

are professionals with a master's degree and specialized training who may provide therapy,usually regarding common family and personal problems.

Adrienne is describing a dream to her therapist.The events she recounts constitute the content of her dream.

Bryan is feeling angry with his therapist; Bryan's anger reflects his feelings toward his father when he was a young boy in the throes of the Oedipal conflict.This example illustrates .

Cathy visits a behavior therapist for help with her alcohol abuse.To treat Cathy's problem,the therapist will most likely use conditioning.

In ,gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety.

is a list in order of increasing severity of the things you associate with your fears.

Contingency contracting and token economies are based on conditioning.

Declan and his mother have signed a written agreement: Each day that Declan fails to complete all his homework,he must complete an additional household chore.Declan and his mother are using a behavior modification technique known as .

Ingrid is learning to carefully examine situations so that she may learn to think more appropriately about herself and others in terms of her memories,values,beliefs,thoughts,and expectations.Ingrid is undertaking a process of .

Eli's client-centered therapist clarifies and reflects back Eli's remarks.The therapist is using a technique known as .

Client-centered therapists should communicate that not only are they caring and nonjudgmental,but also ; that is,they should reflect a genuine understanding of the client's emotional experience.

is a statistical technique in which the results of a large number of studies are combined.

Dr.Grimaldi consults the research literature each time he acquires a new client; he seeks to use the most effective technique available,given a client's particular disorder.Dr.Grimaldi practices psychotherapy.

Many therapists integrate multiple approaches to treat an individual's problems; that is,they use a(n)approach.

The newest generation of antipsychotics is called antipsychotics; they influence serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain.

Many newer antidepressants are selective reuptake inhibitors.

Like ECT,transcranial magnetic stimulation may be used to treat .

One form of psychosurgery used today is ,performed occasionally to treat cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

is a branch of psychology that focuses on the prevention and minimization of psychological disorders in the community.

is the transfer of former mental patients from institutions to the community.

Discuss how (a)free association; (b)dream interpretation; (c)resistance; and (d)transference may be used as tools in psychoanalytic therapy.

Briefly describe in one or two paragraphs what psychodynamic therapy entails as well as current perspectives and criticisms about its efficacy as a treatment.

Describe using concrete examples how a behavior therapist might use systematic desensitization and flooding treatments to treat a specific phobia or source of anxiety.

Assume you are treating two patients: Betina,who has anorexia,and Sebastian,who has anger management issues with his girlfriend.Using operant conditioning techniques,like token or contingency techniques,suggest a plan to treat them?

Describe using examples how behavior therapists can use averse conditioning to modify behavior.

Describe the general aim of cognitive therapy.Write a note on Ellis's rational-emotive therapy.

Identify (a)one advantage,strength,or contribution,and (b)one disadvantage,weakness,or limitation of each of the following types of psychotherapy: behavior therapy and cognitive therapy.

Briefly describe the humanistic perspective.Applying what you know about humanistic psychology,how would a humanistic psychologist help someone with low self-esteem?

Describe the aim of person-centered therapy.Identify several ways that therapists try to achieve this goal.How does contemporary person-centered therapy differ from the therapy as it might have been practiced in Rogers' day?

Briefly compare and contrast interpersonal therapy with traditional psychodynamic therapy.

Briefly describe the pros and cons of group therapy.Are there any disorders where group therapy appears to be more effective than one on one? Please defend your answer.

One of the most controversial treatments in the field of psychology is electroconvulsive therapy.Briefly describe its illustrious history and if it is still used today.What are the justifications for using this type of treatment?

What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?

Briefly describe psychosurgery.

Briefly describe the community psychology movement originating in the 1960s.