Quiz 11: Health Psychology: Stress,Coping,and Well-Being

Which of the following statements best expresses the position of most health psychologists on the mind-body issue? A) The mind and the body are separate entities. B) The mind and the body are one and the same. C) The mind and the body are clearly linked. D) Health psychologists are concerned only with the body.

Dr.Alastair examines the relationship among psychological factors,the immune system,and the brain.Dr.Alastair is a: A) psychoimmunologist. B) psychoneuroimmunologist. C) psychoneurologist. D) neuroimmunologist.

Which of the following sequences best captures the "stress cycle," from the beginning to the end of one cycle? A) Stressor  stress  coping  adaptation B) Stress  stressor  coping  adaptation C) Stress  stressor  adaptation  coping D) Stressor  adaptation  stress  coping

Which of the following is TRUE of stress? A) Although adaptation is often major,it requires minimal effort when stress is very severe or long lasting. B) Stress is a very personal thing. C) Positive events never produce stress. D) Our attempts to overcome stress may produce biological and psychological responses that improve our overall health.

Which of the following types refers to strong stressors that occur suddenly and typically affect many people at once? A) Personal stressors B) Cataclysmic events C) Background stressors D) Daily hassles

Which of the following would qualify as an example of a cataclysmic event? A) Being stranded in an earthquake affected area B) Getting ready for the first day at work C) Getting irritated due to slow Internet connection at work D) Suffering from a severe headache

Which category of stressor is correctly matched with an example? A) Background stressor-the 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico B) Personal stressor-being fired C) Cataclysmic event-spending time on hold on the phone D) Personal stressor-realizing that there is no fuel in your car when you have to rush to work

Which of the following is an example of a personal stressor? A) Getting stuck in a severe traffic jam B) Waiting in a restaurant for a long duration for an order to be taken C) Being informed about a suicide bomb attack D) Giving birth to a baby

Posttraumatic stress disorder,or PTSD,may result from: A) cataclysmic events and severe personal stressors. B) personal stressors only. C) background stressors only. D) background stressors and uplifts.

The suicide rate for veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars is _____ the general population. A) twice as high as B) the same as C) less than half for D) three times as high as

What is the approximate percentage of soldiers returning from Iraq who show symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? A) 50% B) 25% C) 20% D) 15%

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between background stressors and daily hassles? A) Background stressors are less severe than daily hassles. B) Background stressors and daily hassles are the same thing. C) Daily hassles help overcome background stressors. D) Daily hassles are a type of background stressor.

Misplacing one's keys illustrates a: A) personal stressor. B) background stressor. C) cataclysmic event. D) catastrophic event.

Sally was irritated as her cell phone got switched off due to low battery.This is an example of a _____. A) personal stressor B) background stressor C) cataclysmic event D) catastrophic event

Which of the following would qualify as an example of a background stressor? A) Losing one's sibling in a train accident B) Getting married to one's childhood sweetheart C) Getting irritated because one is stuck in a huge traffic jam D) Losing an eye during a bomb blast

The number of hassles people experience is _____ correlated with the frequency of such problems as the flu,a sore throat,and backaches.The number of uplifts people experience is _____ correlated with the frequency of these sorts of problems. A) not;not B) not;negatively C) positively;not D) positively;negatively

Which of the following is TRUE of stress? A) The greater the number of uplifts we experience,the fewer the psychological symptoms we report later. B) Stress increases the immune system response. C) Continued exposure to stress results in an improvement in the body's overall level of biological functioning because of the constant secretion of stress-related hormones. D) Stress is a universal phenomenon and not a personal thing.

Which of the following is TRUE of the consequences of stress? A) Only negative stressors affect you physiologically. B) Stress produces both biological and psychological consequences. C) Stress does not have direct physiological results. D) Stress increases the immune system response.

Susan has been working tirelessly for the past few weeks to meet tight deadlines.She is also being compelled by her parents to get married and settle down.Susan is stressed and has been diagnosed with high blood pressure,skin rashes,and fatigue.She is in a helpless state and thinks her life is in turmoil.Susan is suffering from a(n)_____. A) emotional insulation B) defense mechanism C) psychophysiological disorder D) general adaptation syndrome

In the psychology of health and stress,Hans Selye is associated with the study of: A) the hardy personality. B) coping strategies. C) the general adaptation syndrome. D) Type A and Type B personalities.

Which of the following sequences correctly orders the stages of the general adaptation syndrome,from first to last? A) Alarm  exhaustion  resistance B) Alarm  resistance  exhaustion C) Resistance  alarm  exhaustion D) Exhaustion  resistance  alarm

Which of the following is TRUE about the general adaptation syndrome? A) In the mobilization stage,people use a variety of means to cope with the stressor- sometimes successfully but at a cost of some degree of physical or psychological well-being. B) In the alarm stage,the sympathetic nervous system becomes weak due to the sudden onset of stress. C) The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome is known as the alarm and mobilization stage. D) If exhaustion is inadequate,people enter the resistance stage to cope with stress.

During the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome,the body is actively fighting the stressor on a biological level. A) exhaustion B) resistance C) alarm D) mobilization

People enter the last stage of the general adaptation syndrome-exhaustion-when: A) resistance is inadequate. B) they just become aware of the presence of a stressor. C) their sympathetic nervous system starts to become energized. D) they attempt to cope with the stressor.

At which stage of Hans Selye's general adaptation model (GAS)are individuals the most likely to show negative consequences of stress? A) Exhaustion B) Resistance C) Alarm D) Mobilization

Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome model is correctly matched with an example? A) Alarm-drinking coffee and energy drinks to stay up late each night,writing the political science paper B) Resistance-realizing that a major term paper is due in 2 weeks in your political science course C) Exhaustion-coming down with a bad cold the day after you hand in the political science paper D) Alarm-visiting the library daily to do reference and research work to write the political science paper.

Which of the following is TRUE of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome? A) During the exhaustion stage,the sympathetic nervous system becomes energized,which helps a person cope initially with the stressor. B) During the exhaustion stage,a person's ability to fight the stressor is highest. C) During the exhaustion stage,sometimes people escape a stressor. D) During the exhaustion stage,the body is actively fighting the stressor on a biological level.

Some health psychologists have criticized the general adaptation syndrome because: A) it suggests that one's physiological reaction to stress is rapidly changing,which may not be true. B) it does not take into account how an individual interprets or appraises a stressful event. C) they believe people's biological responses are not specific to the way they appraise a stressful event. D) they believe that the physiological response to stress follows the same set pattern regardless of the cause of stress.

Stress may impair our production of disease-fighting white blood cells called: A) leukocytes. B) lymphocytes. C) monocytes. D) hemocytes.

Efforts to control,reduce,or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress are known as: A) coping. B) adaptation. C) resistance. D) reactance.

Eve was stressed as she had got transferred to Italy.She decided to look at the brighter side of her relocation by telling herself that it will be a new experience,that she will be able to meet different people,and see new places.Eve is displaying _____ coping. A) emotion-focused B) proactive C) avoidant D) defensive

Following an ugly confrontation with a coworker,Simon seeks sympathy from his friends.Simon is practicing _____ coping. A) problem-focused B) emotion-focused C) avoidant D) proactive

Faced with overlapping,unrealistic deadlines at work,Ivan recruits his friends to perform some of the routine clerical tasks associated with the projects.Ivan is engaged in _____ coping. A) problem-focused B) emotion-focused C) avoidant D) proactive

Which of the following statements is TRUE about emotion-focused coping? A) In emotion-focused coping,a person may use wishful thinking to reduce stress or use more direct escape routes. B) Taking time-out from stress by creating positive events is a type of emotion-focused coping. C) Emotion-focused coping may be more effective than problem-focused coping when the situation is unchangeable. D) Emotion-focused coping attempts to modify the source of stress.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about problem-focused coping? A) Problem-focused coping leads to changes in behavior or to the development of a plan of action to deal with stress. B) People use problem-focused strategies more frequently when they perceive circumstances as being unchangeable. C) Problem-focused coping includes strategies such as accepting sympathy from others and looking at the bright side of a situation. D) In problem-focused coping,a person may use wishful thinking to reduce stress or use more direct escape routes.

Wishful thinking and the use of drugs exemplify the use of _____ coping. A) problem-focused B) emotion-focused C) avoidant D) proactive

Steve gets himself a couple of drinks at his favorite pub,every day after work,in order to reduce his stress.Steve is engaging himself in _____ coping. A) problem-focused B) emotion-focused C) proactive D) avoidant

Which of the following is found to be the least successful coping method for dealing with stress? A) Avoidant coping B) Proactive coping C) Emotion-focused coping D) Problem-focused coping

Which of the following refers to unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing the source from themselves and others? A) Subjective well-being tactics B) Defense mechanisms C) Cataclysmic events D) Type B behavior patterns

Which of the following is TRUE of defense mechanisms? A) Defense mechanisms deal with reality. B) Defense mechanisms are personality characteristics associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness. C) Defense mechanisms permit people to avoid stress by acting as if the stress were not even there. D) People who practice defense mechanisms are generally optimistic,good-natured,and have good social skills.

A 1988 study conducted by Lehman and Taylor reports that California students living in dormitories,close to areas of geological fault,unlikely to withstand an earthquake were more likely to doubt earthquake predictions than were students living in safer structures.This example best illustrates: A) avoidant coping. B) a projection. C) emotion-based coping. D) a defense mechanism.

Agreeing with the statement "Sometimes I feel like I can't do anything about my life" would reflect: A) learned helplessness. B) emotion-focused coping. C) emotional insulation. D) problem-focused coping.

People sometimes stop even trying to cope with stress if they feel that they have no control over the bad things that happen to them.This state is referred to as: A) emotional insulation. B) learned helplessness. C) avoidant reactance. D) denial.

"Don't wait for the storm to pass-learn to dance in the rain," exhorts an inspirational poster you notice in an office.This quote most directly relates to the _____ component of hardiness. A) commitment B) challenge C) control D) coping

Which of the following refers to the ability to withstand,overcome,and actually thrive after profound adversity? A) Emotional insulation B) Avoidant coping C) Hostility D) Resilience

Despite growing up in an environment characterized by unemployment,violence,drug abuse,and poverty,Geoff finished college and is successful and thriving today.Geoff is: A) hostile. B) hardy. C) resilient. D) fortunate.

Which of the following is TRUE of resilience? A) Resilient people are not able to work with what they have and tend to complain about whatever situation they find themselves in. B) Resilient people conclude that there is no link between the responses they make and the outcomes that occur. C) Resilience occurs when people conclude that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled. D) Resilience results in the release of the hormone cortisol which is helpful in responding to challenges although too much can produce damage.

Which of the following should be followed to cope with a stressful situation? A) One should stick to one's goals. B) One should change one's appraisal of the situation. C) One should avoid taking physical action. D) One should try to turn a challenge into a threat.

The strategy of preparing for stress before it happens is termed _____ coping. A) anticipatory B) proactive C) preventive D) reactive

The _____ behavior pattern is a cluster of behaviors involving hostility,competitiveness,time urgency,and feeling driven. A) Type B B) Type D C) Type C D) Type A

Vivian always makes sure that he submits his class assignments before anybody else does.Also,he aims at getting the highest score among his classmates.Vivian has a _____ behavior pattern. A) Type C B) Type B C) Type A D) Type D

Katie was very excited about the athletics event to be held in her school.She got injured just a few days before the event and was asked by her physician to take rest for one full day.She was very frustrated and worried that she might be replaced by her friend,Elaine,if she misses her daily practice.She ignored her physician's advice,went ahead with her practice,and worsened the injury.Katie is most likely a _____ personality. A) Type B B) Type A C) Type C D) Type D

Annie is a Type A individual.She is likely to display _____ behavior. A) hostile B) patient C) cooperative D) noncompetitive

Eric has a Type A behavior pattern.Which of the following characteristics is Eric likely to exhibit? A) Patience B) Time urgency C) Lower stress levels D) Cooperation

The _____ behavior pattern is characterized by a patient and nonaggressive manner. A) Type A B) Type B C) Type C D) Type D

Martha has a Type B behavior pattern.Which of the following characteristics is likely to be observed in Martha? A) Hostility B) Time urgency C) Competitiveness D) Cooperation

Kim is aggressive,competitive,and ambitious.Lonnie is relaxed,cooperative,and patient.Morrie is anxious,tense,and pessimistic.Which individual is correctly paired with the behavior pattern he or she reflects? A) Lonnie-Type B B) Morrie-Type A C) Kim-Type D D) Kim-Type C

Which of the following behavior patterns is correctly matched with its typical trait? A) Type A: insecure B) Type B: cooperative C) Type D: hostile D) Type A: noncompetitive

Patrick is a typical Type B personality.Patrick would be characterized by _____ behavior. A) hostile B) competitive C) insecure D) nonaggressive

Jane is a calm and composed person who believes in working patiently.She hates the idea of employees working aggressively to win more incentives than their coworkers.She is cooperative with her coworkers and helps them whenever they are in need.Jane is a _____ individual. A) Type C B) Type A C) Type B D) Type D

Neil,a team lead in an advertising firm,is a harmonious person who provides constant support to his teammates without any hassles,is cooperative,and patient.Neil is most likely a _____ personality. A) Type D B) Type A C) Type C D) Type B

Owen is a Type B personality.Owen would be characterized by _____ behavior. A) noncompetitive B) stressful C) hostile D) panicky

The Type A and Type B behavior patterns are best seen as: A) distinct categories. B) overlapping categories. C) the ends of a continuum. D) orthogonal dimensions.

Mick is a dedicated basketball player who believes in cultivating his sports skills by competing with others.He always feels driven to practice and improve his techniques of shooting,passing,and rebounding.Also,he is extremely patient and cooperative when he teaches the technique to his teammates.Mick's behavior: A) reflects a Type B behavior pattern. B) falls between Type A and Type B behavior patterns. C) is a combination of Type C and Type D behavior patterns. D) represents insecurity,anxiety,and hostility.

The component of the Type A pattern most strongly linked to coronary heart disease is that of: A) hostility. B) competitiveness. C) time urgency. D) ambitiousness.

Which of the following is TRUE of the Type A behavior pattern? A) Men who display the Type A behavior pattern suffer significantly less fatal heart attacks than those classified as having the Type B pattern. B) Patience is the key component of the Type A behavior pattern which is related to non-aggressiveness. C) The importance of the Type A behavior pattern lies in its links to coronary heart disease. D) The Type A behavior pattern is characterized by a patient,cooperative,noncompetitive,and nonaggressive manner.

The key component of the Type A behavior pattern,hostility,is highly toxic because it: A) produces excessive physiological arousal in stressful situations. B) affects the course of cancer through links to the immune system. C) decreases heart rate and blood pressure. D) results in decreased production of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Being insecure,negative,and anxious are personality traits that are characteristics of the _____ personality style. A) Type A B) Type B C) Type D D) Type C

Which of the following is TRUE of cancer? A) Development of cancer is directly related to the Type A behavior pattern. B) Cancer is a disease which cannot be cured even if detected early. C) Cancer spreads when certain cells in the body become altered and multiply rapidly in an uncontrolled fashion. D) Conclusive evidence suggests that cancer patients are less emotionally reactive,suppress anger,and lack outlets for emotional release.

Smoking is the number _____ preventable cause of death in the United States;one in _____ deaths in the United States is/are caused by smoking. A) one;five B) one;four C) two;five D) two;four

Approximately what percentage of current smokers report that they would like to quit? A) 90% B) 75% C) 65% D) 50%

The rate of lung cancer among African-American smokers is _____ than it is among white smokers. A) 75% lower B) 25% higher C) 50% higher D) 50% lower

Overall,only about _____ of those who try to quit smoking actually succeed over the long term. A) 25% B) 15% C) 5% D) 1%

The average smoker tries to quit about _____ times before being successful. A) 3 to 4 B) 5 to 6 C) 8 to 10 D) 12 to15

After a year of avoiding cigarettes,the probability of relapse is _____. A) 10% B) 25% C) 35% D) 50%

Which of the following is supposed to be the most successful method of quitting smoking? A) Using the patch or nicotine replacement gum B) Going cold turkey C) Attending counseling,along with using nicotine replacement patches or gums D) Using Zyban or similar drugs

In the long term,the most effective means of reducing smoking may be: A) using the patch or nicotine replacement gum. B) going cold turkey. C) changes in societal norms and attitudes toward the habit. D) using Zyban or similar drugs.

Approximately _____% of high school students are active cigarette smokers by the time they graduate. A) 10 B) 15 C) 25 D) 35

According to the World Health Organization,what percentage of the world's population will die as a result of smoking? A) 2% B) 5% C) 10% D) 20%

Blythe takes the medication prescribed by her doctor.However,she takes an increased dose and combines the drug with other medications based on her past experience.Blythe is practicing: A) reactance. B) creative nonadherence. C) modified compliance. D) hardiness.

Linda was suffering from an eye infection.Her doctor prescribed her eye drops that she had to use 4 times a day and advised her to apply warm compresses 5 times every day.The doctor also asked her to avoid using eye makeup.However,Linda used the solution only once a day and rarely applied warm compresses to her eye.She also continued to use eye makeup.Linda is practicing: A) reactance. B) modified compliance. C) creative nonadherence. D) hardiness.

What proportion of patients cannot say how long they are supposed to continue a course of prescribed medication? A) 10% B) 20% C) 35% D) 50%

What proportion of patients cannot state the purpose of the medication they are prescribed? A) 10% B) 25% C) 35% D) 50%

Which of the following is TRUE of physicians' communication with their patients? A) There is no relation between the amount of physician-patient communication and the sex of a physician and patient. B) Overall,male primary care physicians provide more patient-centered communications than do female primary care physicians. C) Cultural values and expectations do not contribute to communication barriers between patients and their physicians as medical practices are similar across all cultures. D) Patient-physician communication difficulties can occur because the material that must be communicated is too technical for patients.

Which of the following is TRUE of physicians' communication with their patients? A) Patients often prefer an interview with questions of a technical nature. B) Patients often prefer opposite-sex physicians. C) Patients may be reluctant to volunteer information that might cast them in a bad light. D) Patients prefer physicians choosing specific treatment that they favor without consulting them.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding male and female physicians' communication with their patients? A) Female physicians provide more patient-centered communication than do male physicians. B) Female physicians provide less patient-centered communication than do male physicians. C) Female and male physicians provide equivalent amounts of patient-centered communication. D) Male physicians provide more information regarding the diagnosis and the prescribed treatment than do their female counterparts.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding patients' preference for male or female physicians? A) Patients prefer female physicians. B) Patients prefer male physicians. C) Patients prefer same-sex physicians. D) Patients prefer opposite-sex physicians.

Andrew was told by his physician that he would be able to control his diabetes if he controls his diet and avoids the use of sugar in his diet.Andrew was given a(n)_____ framed health message by his physician. A) positively B) neutrally C) negatively D) ambiguously

The Surgeon General is developing new warning labels for cigarette packages.A certain label states,"Quitting smoking now will improve respiratory and cardiovascular health." Label A is a(n)_____ framed health message. A) positively B) neutrally C) negatively D) ambiguously

Preventive health behavior is best motivated by _____ framed messages;behavior leading to the detection of a disease is best motivated by _____. A) negatively;positively framed messages B) positively;negatively framed messages C) negatively;negatively framed messages as well D) positively;positively framed messages as well

Which of the following messages is most likely to motivate the maintenance of an exercise program? A) "If you exercise,you'll feel more energetic and look more attractive." B) "If you don't exercise,you'll gain weight and feel sluggish." C) "If you sit at home all day without any exercise,you will become obese." D) "If you do not exercise,you will start looking ugly."

"If you don't drink at least one full glass of water each day,you're going to get kidney stones," admonishes your friend.This is a(n)_____ framed health message. A) negatively B) neutrally C) positively D) invasively

Tim was told by his doctor that if he did not stop eating fast food,he will become diabetic and obese.This is an example of a(n)_____framed health message. A) neutrally B) positively C) ambiguously D) negatively

Happy people: A) are realistic. B) are modest. C) hold moderately inflated views of themselves. D) hold greatly inflated views of themselves.

Which of the following is TRUE of happy people? A) Happy people see themselves as less intelligent. B) Happy people feel they are the pawns of others. C) Happy people enjoy more as they have a sense of control that is less firm. D) Happy people have high self-esteem.

Identify the correct statement relating to happy people. A) Men and women are always made happy by the same sorts of activities. B) Happy people like to be around other people. C) Happy people do not see themselves as more intelligent than the average person. D) Happy people enjoy more as they have a sense of control that is less firm.

In relation to the gender differences in happiness,which of the following statements is most accurate? A) Men and women are generally made happy by same sorts of activities. B) Men and women are made happy by the same things. C) Men and women are made happy by few of the same things. D) Men and women are made happy by different things.

Oliver is a happy person most of the time.Which of the following characteristics would be observed in Oliver? A) Emotional insulation B) Lethargy C) Defense mechanism D) Optimism

The level of subjective well-being is very stable because: A) people prefer very few changes in their lives. B) people are part of the same social system. C) people have a general set point for happiness. D) people have mundane life styles.

Research shows that winning the lottery usually leads to: A) a long-term spike in happiness. B) an initial surge in happiness,followed by a slow return to previous levels. C) an initial surge in happiness,followed by a slide into deep depression. D) no change in happiness levels,even in the short-term.

Dewey just won a million-dollar lottery jackpot.One year from now,he is likely to be: A) more ecstatic than he was before he won the lottery. B) about as broke as he was before he won the lottery. C) more depressed than he was before he won the lottery. D) about as happy as he was before he won the lottery.

Overall,the set point for happiness is _____ and it is determined: A) relatively high;at least partly by genetics B) rather low;at least partly by genetics C) relatively high;almost wholly by the environment D) rather low;almost wholly by the environment

Most individuals in the United States would rate themselves as: A) unhappy. B) pretty happy. C) neither happy nor unhappy. D) either happy or unhappy,depending on the time of day.

Most people think that they are _____ famous people like Oprah Winfrey. A) somewhat less happy than B) just as happy as C) happier than D) much less happy than

Which of the following statements is TRUE about happiness? A) Men and women report being equally happy. B) African Americans are much less happy than whites. C) People in poor countries are much less happy than people are in the West. D) Countries that are not economically prosperous do not have happy residents.

Identify the correct statement concerning the happiness of people. A) It is a universally accepted feature that money buys happiness for everybody. B) Men are generally happier than women across all cultures. C) The level of subjective well-being is highly unstable. D) Few differences exist between members of different demographic groups.

Which of the following is TRUE about happiness? A) Generally,money does not buy happiness. B) Countries that are not economically prosperous do not have happy residents. C) Women are generally happier than men across all cultures. D) There is no relation between people's set points and genetic factors.

The branch of psychology that investigates the psychological factors related to wellness and illness,including the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of medical problems is called .

Events representing a threat to our well-being-like that calculus midterm next week-are called .

Based on the categories of stressors,one would consider Hurricane Katrina in 2005 to be a(n)for the residents of New Orleans.

When Nell prays at night,she tries to be grateful for the small positive experiences of the day no matter how mundane they may seem.Health psychologists call these gratifying day-to-day experiences .

Medical problems influenced by an interaction of psychological,emotional,and physical difficulties are called disorders.

The pioneering stress theorist proposed the general adaptation syndrome to describe the body's response to stressors.

The suggests that a person's response to a stressor consists of three stages: alarm and mobilization,resistance,and exhaustion.

Bruce prays for the strength to remain calm,even-tempered,and flexible no matter what stressors he may encounter.Bruce is engaged in coping.

Jermaine remains impassive and emotionless in the face of both positive and negative events in his life.Jermaine appears to cope with stress through .

Kay seems to have given up;she believes she has no control over what happens,so she doesn't even try to deal with the stress.Kay seems dispirited and depressed.She is likely exhibiting .

Commitment,challenge,and control are the three Cs of.

Brandy is making sure she gets a full night's sleep tonight,so she'll be well-rested before her mother-in-law's visit-a visit which she believes will surely be trying.She is practicing coping.

Joan is gentle,friendly,laid-back,and cooperative;she displays a(n)behavior pattern.

The component of the Type A pattern linked to heart disease is .

Hostility may trigger the release of such hormones as ,which may ultimately elevate the risk of heart disease.

One in U.S.deaths is attributable to smoking cigarettes.

Rosalynn takes 45 mg of Adderall each day rather than the 30 mg that was prescribed;she asserts that her Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is severe and that her semester is exceptionally demanding.Rosalynn is practicing .

Prevention is to as positively framed health messages are to negatively framed health messages.

Chantal believes she is better at her job than she really is.Chantal's inflated view of her competence reflects what psychologists term a(n).

refers to one's overall evaluation of one's life in terms of both one's thoughts and feelings.

Distinguish between cataclysmic events,personal stressors,and background stressors.Discuss the various effects on stress and well-being associated with these different types of events.Illustrate your answer with references to specific events you have experienced.

Define and describe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).What are its symptoms? Review the prevalence of PTSD among veterans of the Iraq wars and among New York City residents experiencing the 9/11 attacks.

Describe the three phases of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

Stress has many direct and indirect consequences resulting in potential declines.Identify two such effects.Select one of these effects and describe in as much detail as you can and how you would investigate it empirically using correlational or experimental research techniques.

Define emotion-focused,problem-focused,avoidant,and proactive coping.Briefly describe your responses to two stressors this past year;classify your responses as one of the coping types mentioned above.

Write a note on coping stress through social support.

Describe the hardy personality and define resilience.Explain how hardiness and resilience help individuals cope with stress and potentially reduce the likelihood of stress-related illness.

Describe hypothetical individuals displaying Type A,Type B,and Type D behavior patterns.Discuss the association of Type A and Type D behavior patterns with negative health consequences.

Explain the psychological aspects of cancer.

Why do people smoke? Explain.

Describe some of the effective tools for ending the habit of smoking.

Discuss some of the barriers to communication between health-care practitioners and their clients.Review some of the strategies clients might adopt to improve communication with health-care practitioners.

Distinguish between positively and negatively framed health messages.Illustrate with hypothetical health messages as examples.When is each type of message most appropriate? Students' examples may vary.

Describe some of the typical characteristics of happy people.

How happy are you? Evaluate your answer in light of the characteristics of happy people,the general level of happiness in the United States,and the influence of material prosperity on happiness.