Quiz 21: The High Tide of Imperialism

How did nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europeans justify their imperialism?

What strategies did African and Asian peoples employ to cope with or resist European imperialism? To what degree were they successful?

Compare and contrast the strategies of European colonialism and neo-colonialism.

Was Western imperialism an inevitable result of the advance of the Industrial Revolution? Why or why not?

Discuss some of the non-economic motives for Western imperialism.In your opinion,were the economic or non-economic motives of primary importance,and why?

How,and why,did the policies of European imperialists in West Africa and Southeast Asia differ? To what degree did economic motives explain these differences,and why?

Describe the institutionalization of European colonialism in terms of its philosophical underpinnings and the actual practices and policies that its practitioners employed.

"The Sepoy Rebellion was the major turning point in modern Indian history." Discuss,pro and con.

Compare and contrast British and French imperialism as to governing philosophies,impact upon the colonial populations,and imperial successes,however measured.

What caused the renewal of European imperialism in the late-nineteenth century? What were the dominant influences at work? Did they change over time and/or with relation to the actions of other imperialistic societies?

"On balance,Western imperialism benefited the colonial peoples." Discuss,pro and con.

What does the text mean when it says,"modern nationalism,then,was a product of colonialism and,in a sense,a reaction to it"?

Compare and contrast eighteenth century colonialism with late nineteenth century imperialism.What are the differences,if any,and why?

"Western imperialism was an inevitable consequence of the West's Scientific and Industrial Revolutions." Discuss,pro and con.

"The Boer War was a precursor and a paradigm of later twentieth century wars." Discuss,pro and con.

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Cecil Rhodes

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). imperialism

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). direct v.indirect rule

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Japan,Thailand,Afghanistan,Persia,and Ethiopia

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). "might makes right"

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Rudyard Kipling's The White Man's Burden

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). association v.assimilation

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Thomas Babington Macaulay

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). zamindar system

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). the "raj"

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). thugee

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Indo-Chinese Union

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Thailand's King Mongkut and King Chulalongkorn

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Commodore George Dewey

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Emilio Aguinaldo

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). nuoc mam

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). "modernizing elite"

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). slave trade vs."legitimate trade"

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Liberia

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Sierra Leone,Senegal,and the Gold Coast

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Egypt's Muhammad Ali,the pasha/khedive

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Ferdinand de Lesseps and the Suez Canal

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). the Mahdi and Charles "Chinese" Gordon

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Zanzibar and the slave trade

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). David Livingstone

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Cape Colony

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Boers/Afrikaners

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). the Great Trek

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Shaka and the Zulus

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Orange Free State and South African Republic/Transvaal

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). the "scramble for Africa"

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). "missionary factor"

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). "white man's burden"

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Fashoda

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Berlin Conference,1884

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). King Leopold II of Belgium

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Boer War

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). the "three Cs"

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). social Darwinism

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). the VOC

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). "shanghaied"

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Kenya's central highlands

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Union of South Africa

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Basutoland,Bechuanaland,and Swaziland

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). matrilineal

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). clitoridectomy

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Tippi Sultan

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Ram Mohan Roy's Brahmo Samaj

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Sepoy Rebellion

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Enfield rifles

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Neocolonialism

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). 'Old' and 'New' Imperialism

Instructions: Identify the following term(s). Resistance Strategies

"New" products that European nations sought to obtain from colonies in Africa and Asia in the nineteenth century included A)gold and silver. B)cloves and pepper. C)oil,tin and rubber. D)tea,silk,and porcelain. E)ivory and rayon.

The individual who left a massive estate to create a worldwide British Empire to "civilize" the world A)Albert Sarraut. B)Cecil Rhodes. C)Muhammad Ali Jinna. D)David Livingstone. E)Paul Kruger.

In the nineteenth century,European nations exploited areas of Asia and Africa for the following except A)raw materials,which could be used in European factories. B)markets these regions provided for European manufactured goods. C)opportunities such exploitation presented for European cultural expansion. D)manufactured goods to be sent from Asia to Europe. E)possible fields for missionary activities.

In the nineteenth century,imperialism A)motivated Russia to seize Afghanistan and Burma in the 1860s. B)was motivated by a desire to control markets as well as raw materials. C)was denounced by all major European powers until 1874. D)was notable for Britain's advocacy of its practice of assimilation. E)was confined,in practice,to East Asia and western South America.

Within the context of Western economic expansion into the regions of Africa and Asia during the nineteenth century,the term imperialism means the forceful appropriation of all except A)people to buy manufactured goods. B)low-priced raw materials with which to manufacture goods. C)advantageous opportunities in which to make highly profitable financial investments. D)a substitution of African and Asia cultural norms in place of traditional European culture. E)areas for investments in European-based construction companies.

Thailand A)was the only country in southwest Asia to avoid a takeover by the German Empire. B)was the only predominantly Christian country in its region. C)was able to remain independent because France and Britain preferred that it remain so in order to serve as a buffer between their colonial territories. D)had its province of Burma seized by the British in 1894. E)was occupied for a long period of time by Britain,much to France's disgust and anger.

The individual who said that "My ruling purpose is the extension of the British empire throughout the world" was A)Queen Victoria. B)General Gordon C)David Livingstone. D)Cecil Rhodes E)Rudyard Kipling.

The term 'neocolonialism' refers to European colonial tactics A)after the 16^th century. B)in all parts of the world except Africa. C)after the abolition of the slave trade. D)in Africa only. E)after former European colonies were replaced by independent nation-states.

Remote location and mountainous terrain spared which of the following from colonial rule? A)Ethiopia. B)Afghanistan. C)Japan. D)Kenya. E)both a and b

A rising non-western nation that avoided colonial subjugation by pursuing a concerted strategy of political and economic reform was A)Liberia. B)Ethiopia. C)Afghanistan. D)Japan. E)Persia.

In his famous poem "The White Man's Burden," Rudyard Kipling expressed the idea that whites A)greatly suffered from the cruelty of African native tribes when they were captured. B)were never really recompensed for the loss of their colonies after the end of colonialism. C)were more susceptible to native African diseases and therefore experienced greater mortality. D)carried the economic cost of infrastructure development in their former colonies. E)had a moral responsibility to lift Africans from a state of lower societal development.

What was the general idea of Thomas Babington Macaulay's educational policy for Britain's Indian subjects? A)We should produce a class that is Indian in blood and color but English in taste and intellect. B)If you lift up the poor,they become better manual laborers. C)Do not try to educate poor Indians,for it is an impossible task. D)Education beyond the basics will serve to incite rebellion. E)We need English-educated Indian soldiers to help us fight insurrection in Africa.

Which of the following is not a true statement about nineteenth-century Western expansion in Southeast Asia? A)The British established their control over Burma. B)Burma retained its independence. C)The French forcibly created their Indochinese Union. D)Thailand remained independent,as a result of mutual British and French interests. E)The Philippines became an American spoil of war with Spain,in spite of efforts by local insurgents to change that outcome.

All of the following are correct about the slave trade except it A)was in decline by the early 1800s. B)was ended in Denmark in 1803. C)led Britain to establish settlements in Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast on which to settle freed slaves. D)essentially ended when the slave trade in the United States,Cuba,and Brazil was abolished. E)it revived in East Asia because of the opium trade.

The Philippine guerrilla leader who failed to thwart the United States conquest was A)Antonio Celino. B)Antonio Barbosa. C)Emilio Aguinaldo. D)Ferdinand Marcos. E)Mongkut Chulalongkorn.

Among the first British colonies in West Africa was A)Libya. B)Gold Coast. C)Senegal. D)Liberia. E)Zanzibar.

Muhammad Ali A)was a native-born Egyptian who came to rule his homeland. B)modernized Egypt and extended its hegemony over neighboring regions. C)overthrew the Ottoman power in the Middle East. D)reaped great rewards from the construction of the Suez Canal. E)was the first Christian ruler of Egypt since the seventh century.

In the second half of the nineteenth century A)a Frenchman built the Suez Canal,but it ultimately came under British control. B)British General Charles Gordon restored Egyptian rule in Sudan with his Sikh-Gurkha army. C)Tunisia came under the total domination of Berber rebels. D)the Turks took control of Tripoli from the Italians. E)France occupied the island of Taiwan.

David Livingstone A)was the first European to climb Mount Ararat. B)personally put an end to the Zanzibar slave market with his "Green Band Army." C)obtained great fame from his African missionary and anti-slavery work. D)discovered the source of the Nile. E)constructed an Anglican cathedral on the former site of the Zanzibar slave market.

The Boers were predominantly of what ethnic background? A)Zulu B)English C)Welsh D)Dutch E)Khoisan

The Great Trek A)was ordered by the French government. B)took place before the Boers encountered the Zulus. C)was a Zulu march led by their ruler named Shaka. D)was the northeastward advance of the Boers after the British take-over of the Cape Colony. E)took place as a result of Khoisan and Bantu military clashes.

In southern Africa during the 1800s A)the French established an impregnable fortress at Zanzibar. B)Belgian troops were driven out of the Cape area after they had tried to conquer the Boers. C)the racially tolerant Boers were able to organize a biracial,intertribal force which successfully resisted the British army for three years. D)the British were more sympathetic to the rights of the local population than were the Boers. E)the Boer commander,General Shaka,proved to be an effective political and military leader.

Which of the following pairs,naming the European power and its African holding,is not correct? A)Germany - Congo B)Italy - Libya C)Belgium - Congo D)France - Madagascar E)Britain - Gold Coast

European powers rushed to increase their penetration of Africa because of all except A)pressures generated by the spread of industrialization. B)rivalries that existed among the various nations of Europe. C)a desire to extend Christianity throughout Africa. D)technological advantages of the Europeans over the native Africans. E)fear of Russian economic expansion into Central Africa.

Which of the following was not linked to the European "missionary factor" as a motivation to conquer the peoples of Africa? A)The belief in the tenets of social Darwinism. B)The acceptance of the concept of the "White Man's Burden." C)The competition among the European powers to create an African industrial revolution. D)The desire to spread Christianity. E)The attempt to bring some medical knowledge and assistance.

The missionary who urged Europeans to introduce the "three Cs" (Christianity,commerce and civilization)was A)Eleazir Thornton. B)Willson Wallace. C)Thomas Stanley. D)David Livingstone. E)Wilton S.Parmenter.

Quinine was used by Europeans to provide partial immunity from A)sleeping sickness. B)diphtheria. C)scurvy. D)cholera. E)malaria.

The Berlin Conference of 1884 A)settled the Boer War. B)established guidelines to ease the frictions created by European ambitions in Africa. C)led to a large-scale German attack on British colonial property in Kenya. D)devised a system for collaborative missionary activity in Africa. E)was convened by Queen Victoria.

The idea to preserve local African culture and traditions under colonial administration is associated with the A)British. B)French. C)Belgians. D)Dutch. E)Germans.

The Boer War A)was caused by German refusal to stop arming the Boers. B)was the result of the discovery of gold and diamonds in the Boer Transvaal. C)established East Africa as an independent nation. D)settled all animosities between the British and the Afrikaners. E)established the concept of majority rule in South Africa.

British colonial policies A)were based on assimilation,or direct rule,in Nigeria. B)included the policy of assimilation in Singapore,India and Nigeria. C)opposed the use of concentration camps to eliminate guerrilla resistance in the Boer War. D)helped to end the slave trade in Africa and thuggee and sati in India. E)gave the English language parity with French in the massive public school system established by the French in Vietnam.

In the political realm,ultimate control of European colonies in Asia and Africa was A)primarily relegated to local authorities. B)maintained by force. C)totally devoid of any democracy,except for urban groups. D)provided for by educational opportunity enhancements. E)dependent on religious support.

The British Raj A)brought even greater disorder and inefficiency in Indian governmental administration. B)enacted a homestead decree which gave all Indian peasants approximately fifty-five acres for each family to cultivate as its own,private property. C)established a new school system to educate the children of the elite. D)quickly allowed native Indians to join the highest levels of the colonial administration. E)brought democracy to the subcontinent by 1892.

By 1900,the seizure of what region was included in the Indochinese Union? A)Algeria B)Thailand C)Cambodia D)the Sumatra archipelago E)Burma

Which of the following cities became a major colonial manufacturing center? A)Luxor B)Timbuktu C)Ulan Bator D)Batavia E)Chittenango

In Southeast Asia,imperialist governments A)fostered intensive industrial development and were widely successful,as rural peasant percentages had dropped below fifty in Vietnam and Java by 1905. B)established mass educational systems to educate peasant children for citizenship and industrial work. C)practiced a policy of peaceful coexistence. D)often blended direct and indirect rule,with the latter used widely in rural areas such as Malaya. E)contracted with private Asia conglomerates to administer their colonies.

Which of the following can be said to be a benefit of colonialism in Southeast Asia? A)The creation of high-wage manufacturing centers. B)Economic exploitation of native workers. C)The beginnings of a modern economic infrastructure. D)The creation of universal peasant landownership. E)The bringing of Christianity to the heathen pagans.

By combining the old Cape Colony and Natal with the Boer Republics in 1910,the British created the A)Zambezi Federation. B)Union of East Africa. C)Union of North Africa. D)Union of South Africa. E)Union of West Africa.

Colonial policies reflecting a relative lack of racist attitudes,and the revolutionary belief in the universality of human nature,were practiced by A)the United States. B)England. C)France. D)Germany. E)Italy.

It can be said that the first stage in the development of modern nationalism is A)the collapse of all tribal loyalties. B)the complete assimilation of the ruling elite into the colonial infrastructure. C)the breakdown of village hierarchical structures. D)resistance to colonial conquest,often based on traditional cultural factors. E)an abandonment of local languages in favor of the language of the colonial power.

Emphasis on assimilation of African subjects to European culture,rather than preserving local traditions originated with the A)English. B)French. C)Belgians. D)Dutch. E)Germans.

Ran Mohan Roy's major motivation in creating the Brahmo Samaj was to A)provide Hinduism with protection against verbal attacks by British colonialists. B)supply Indian revolutionaries with arms. C)prevent the British from controlling India. D)find a method for successful revolt against British rule in India. E)strengthen Muslim group awareness.

The Sepoy Mutiny was caused by A)the traditional hostility between Muslims and the Buddhist majority. B)British tax policies in India. C)British racial policies in India. D)animal fat and lard that was on the rifle cartridges used by the Sepoy troops,which upset both Hindu and Muslim soldiers. E)friction between the Sepoy troops and their Mongol and European commanders.

In assessing the impact of nineteenth-century imperialism,it can accurately be said that A)the consequences of imperialism are more complex than was earlier believed. B)the one certain conclusion which can be reached is that it was uniformly advantageous for all,bringing permanent advantages which still persist. C)when conflicts of interest rose,they were invariably settled in favor of the populations of the colonies. D)it proved particularly beneficial to the societies of East Asia,which were given special economic help and cultural support by their colonial overlords. E)it improved the lives of the natives but which bankrupted the European governments.

Which of the following denotes an accurate order of events? A)Slave trade illegalized by Britain / French seizure of Algeria / Opening of Suez Canal / Berlin Conference over Africa / Boer War B)Berlin Conference over Africa / Boer War / Slave trade illegalized by Britain / French seizure of Algeria / Opening of Suez Canal C)Berlin Conference over Africa / Slave trade illegalized by Britain / French seizure of Algeria / Opening of Suez Canal / Boer War D)Slave trade illegalized by Britain / French seizure of Algeria / Boer War / Berlin Conference over Africa / Opening of the Suez Canal E)Slave trade illegalized by Britain / French seizure of Algeria / Opening of Suez Canal / Boer War / Conference over Africa

The term 'neo-colonialism' refers to European colonial tactics after World War II.

In the nineteenth century,"legitimate trade" unfortunately still included the African slave trade.

Slavery in Africa continued well after it had been abolished by European nations.

Afrikaners were black African opponents of the Dutch Boers in South Africa.

The opening of the Suez Canal preceded the Berlin Conference over Africa.

In order to avoid violence and to gain the popular support of colonial peoples,the Europeans generally quickly introduced democratic institutions in their colonies.

In Southeast Asia,the European emphasis on cash crops led in many areas to the replacement of subsistence agriculture by the growth of large plantations.

In general,the British preferred direct rule,while the French usually implemented indirect rule in their African colonies.

In most of East Asia,such as in Japan,imperialism did not result in the establishment of formal Western colonial control.