Question 1

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Aptitude, interests, and measure of client traits can be used to focus on new learning that promotes career choice.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Occupational aspirations is the main theme of which theorist?​
A)​Super
B)​Krumboltz
C)​Holland
D)​Gottfredson

Accepted Answer

Gottfredson's theory focuses on how individuals develop occupational aspirations and make career choices based on self-concept and perceived social space.

Question 3

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Counselors focus on career as a story or narrative in order to derive meaning from what the client views as important and unimportant.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

I

Question 4

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Life roles are interconnected in that success in one life role promotes success in other life roles.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

J1The correct answers are related to Developmental Theories, which emphasize the evolution of individuals' careers over their lifespan, considering the interconnection of different life roles. "Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers" (G) directly addresses how different life roles are interconnected and influence each other. The "Person-in-Environment Perspective" (J) also supports the idea that an individual's career development is influenced by the interaction between their traits and the environment. "Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior" (1) integrates the concept that individuals construct their careers by making meaning of their vocational behaviors and experiences, which is influenced by their roles in life.

Question 5

Trait-Oriented Theories
-The ultimate goal of career counseling is achieved by facilitating the growth of information processing skills.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is E) Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective, as this theory focuses on enhancing individuals' skills in gathering, processing, and using career information to make and implement career decisions, aligning with the goal mentioned.

Question 6

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Personal determinants of career development are conceptualized as self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and personal goals.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

Social Learning and Cognitive Theories focus on the role of cognitive processes and observational learning in career development. Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling and Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective fall under this category as well, but Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective specifically highlights the importance of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and personal goals in shaping career decisions and behaviors.

Answer: J 
 Person-in-Environment Perspective views career development in the context of an individual's unique personal, social, and cultural environment. Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers also considers the impact of personal and environmental factors on career development, but Person-in-Environment Perspective specifically emphasizes the need to understand the individual within their broader environment.

Answer: A and C 
 Trait and Factor Theory and John Holland’s Typology both focus on matching an individual's personality traits and interests with specific career fields or occupations. They both view career development as a process of identifying and pursuing occupations that are aligned with an individual's personal characteristics.

Question 7

SCCT subscribes to which of the following theories?​
A)​Bandura's triad reciprocal theory
B)​Roger's nondirective theory
C)​Super's self-concept theory
D)​Constructivism theory

Accepted Answer

SCCT, or Social Cognitive Career Theory, is based on Bandura's triadic reciprocal theory, which emphasizes the interaction between personal factors, behavior, and environmental influences.

Question 8

Trait-Oriented Theories
-The major purpose of action theory is to organize the interpretation of human actions that usually represents the general intention of the individual.One can be influenced by the characteristics of others and the unique characteristics of the environment.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trait-Oriented Theories
-The major purpose of action theory...

Question 9

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Important associations that influence career development can be learned through observations, written materials, and films.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling emphasizes the importance of learning experiences, including how observations, written materials, and films can influence career development choices and paths.

Question 10

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Individual needs and the reinforcer systems in the work environment are important aspects of stability and tenure.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling focuses on the alignment between individual needs and the reinforcer systems in the work environment, which is crucial for stability and tenure.

Question 11

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Making a career choice is a problem-solving activity.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trait-Oriented Theories
-Making a career choice is a...

Question 12

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Congruence occurs when an individual's personality type matches the environment.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

John Holland's Typology proposes that congruence between an individual's personality type and the work environment is essential for job satisfaction and success.

Answer: D, E, F
 Social Learning and Cognitive Theories suggest that career development is influenced by learning experiences, cognitive processes, and social factors.

Answer: A
 Trait and Factor Theory emphasizes the importance of matching individual traits with job requirements for successful career development.

Answer: G, H, I, J
 Developmental Theories propose that career development is a lifelong process influenced by a person's interactions with their environment, experiences, and personal growth.

Question 13

Krumboltz and associates stress that each individual's unique learning experiences during the life span develop primary influences that lead to career choice.Which statement is not listed as part of these primary influences?​
A)​Career-entry behavior such as applying for a job or selecting an educational or training institution
B)​Expanding capabilities and interests
C)​Sets of developed skills used in coping with the environment
D)​Generalization of self derived from experiences and performance in relation to learned standards

Accepted Answer

The answer of Krumboltz and associates stress that each individual's...

Question 14

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Determinates of self-concept development are social class, level of intelligence, and experiences with sex typing.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

The correct choice is "Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation" by Linda Gottfredson, which focuses on how social class, intelligence, and sex typing influence self-concept development and career aspirations.

Question 15

Who developed cognitive information processing (CIP) theory?​
A)​Peterson and Sampson
B)​Mitchell, Krumboltz and Sampson
C)​Peterson, Sampson and Reardon
D)​Krumboltz, Peterson and Reardon

Accepted Answer

Trait-Oriented Theories
Trait and Factor Theory
Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
John Holland's Typology
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
Krumboltz's Learning Theory of Counseling
Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective
Developmental Theories
Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation: A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
Person-in-Environment Perspective
Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Question 16

Trait-Oriented Theories
-A similarity assessment model provides a means of evaluating occupations for fit.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trait-Oriented Theories
-A similarity assessment model provides a...

Question 17

A major tenet of Super's theory is that the career pattern one follows through life:​
A)​Is primarily influenced by one's vocational orientation
B)​Is an expression of career maturity
C)​Represents verification of one's personal modal style
D)​Results from expression of one's vocational self-concept

Accepted Answer

According to Super's theory, career pattern is a result of one's vocational self-concept, which encompasses an individual's values, interests, abilities, and personality. Super believed that people develop their vocational self-concept through a process of self-analysis, exploration, and implementation, and that their career pattern reflects their self-concept.

Question 18

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Career identity is defined as one's level of development of self-knowledge memory structures.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective focuses on the development of self-knowledge memory structures, which aligns with the definition of career identity in trait-oriented theories.

Question 19

Trait-Oriented Theories
-An assessment model (Career Development Assessment and Counseling [C-DAC] was designed to measure work-role salience, career development status, vocational identity, and occupational self-concepts.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

The answer of Trait-Oriented Theories
-An assessment model (Career Development Assessment...

Question 20

Trait-Oriented Theories
-Traits of career maturity include planning, accepting responsibility, and varied aspects of a preferred vocation.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Holland’s Typology 
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective 
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1.	Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2.	A Contextual Explanation of a Career

Accepted Answer

The Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers by Donald Super is a developmental theory that emphasizes career maturity, which includes planning, accepting responsibility, and exploring various aspects of a preferred vocation.

Quiz 2: Theories of Career Development

Trait-Oriented Theories -Aptitude, interests, and measure of client traits can be used to focus on new learning that promotes career choice.

Occupational aspirations is the main theme of which theorist?​

Trait-Oriented Theories -Counselors focus on career as a story or narrative in order to derive meaning from what the client views as important and unimportant.

Trait-Oriented Theories -Life roles are interconnected in that success in one life role promotes success in other life roles.

Trait-Oriented Theories -The ultimate goal of career counseling is achieved by facilitating the growth of information processing skills.

Trait-Oriented Theories -Personal determinants of career development are conceptualized as self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and personal goals.

SCCT subscribes to which of the following theories?​

Trait-Oriented Theories -The major purpose of action theory is to organize the interpretation of human actions that usually represents the general intention of the individual.One can be influenced by the characteristics of others and the unique characteristics of the environment.

Trait-Oriented Theories -Important associations that influence career development can be learned through observations, written materials, and films.

Trait-Oriented Theories -Individual needs and the reinforcer systems in the work environment are important aspects of stability and tenure.

Trait-Oriented Theories -Making a career choice is a problem-solving activity.

Trait-Oriented Theories -Congruence occurs when an individual's personality type matches the environment.

Krumboltz and associates stress that each individual's unique learning experiences during the life span develop primary influences that lead to career choice.Which statement is not listed as part of these primary influences?​

Trait-Oriented Theories -Determinates of self-concept development are social class, level of intelligence, and experiences with sex typing.

Who developed cognitive information processing (CIP) theory?​

Trait-Oriented Theories -A similarity assessment model provides a means of evaluating occupations for fit.

A major tenet of Super's theory is that the career pattern one follows through life:​

Trait-Oriented Theories -Career identity is defined as one's level of development of self-knowledge memory structures.

Trait-Oriented Theories -An assessment model (Career Development Assessment and Counseling [C-DAC] was designed to measure work-role salience, career development status, vocational identity, and occupational self-concepts.

Trait-Oriented Theories -Traits of career maturity include planning, accepting responsibility, and varied aspects of a preferred vocation.

Occupational aspirations is the main theme of which theorist?

SCCT subscribes to which of the following theories?

Krumboltz and associates stress that each individual's unique learning experiences during the life span develop primary influences that lead to career choice.Which statement is not listed as part of these primary influences?

Who developed cognitive information processing (CIP) theory?

A major tenet of Super's theory is that the career pattern one follows through life: