Quiz 12: Blood

A red blood cell is a spherical cell and contains a large nucleus.

Vitamin B12 is important for the production of red blood cells because it is required for hemoglobin production.

A platelet plug is formed when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.

Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not.

Persons with type AB blood are considered universal donors.

Formed elements of the blood include proteins, cells, and cell fragments.

Plasma makes up more than half (55%) of the volume of blood.

Mature red blood cells cannot divide, do not synthesize hemoglobin, and cannot undergo aerobic respiration.

Macrophages phagocytize old red blood cells and transport hemoglobin to the kidney for elimination.

A build up of bilirubin causes the yellowish coloration seen in jaundice.

Substances called interleukins and colony-stimulating factors stimulate white blood cell formation and differentiation.

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are the type of leukocyte called granulocytes.

In general, red blood cells are larger than white blood cells.

Basophils release chemicals that increase blood flow to injured tissues and promote inflammation.

Lymphocytes function to phagocytize bacteria.

Plasma is about 50% water and 50% dissolved substances.

Albumin, collagen, and fibrinogen are the three main types of plasma proteins.

Plasma proteins are solutes that attract and hold water in the bloodstream, helping to maintain osmotic balance.

Platelets are a part of the mechanism that repairs breaks in blood vessels and that causes blood clot formation.

Functions of plasma electrolytes include maintenance of osmotic pressure and regulation of blood pH.

Platelets forming a platelet plug release serotonin, which causes blood vessel walls to dilate.

A thrombus is an abnormal clot that forms in a blood vessel. If the clot or a part of it breaks away into the circulation, it becomes an embolus.

Define the term hematocrit. A) The percent of red blood cells in a blood sample B) A disease caused by abnormal red blood cell levels C) A clotting factor D) The pigment that gives red blood cells their color

Which formed element lacks a nucleus and has a biconcave shape? A) White blood cells B) Red blood cells C) Platelets D) Macrophages

What element is part of hemoglobin molecules? A) Copper B) Iron C) Iodine D) Calcium

An increased blood concentration of __________ can result in a condition called cyanosis.3-19-2013 A) deoxyhemoglobin B) oxyhemoglobin C) carbon dioxide D) oxygen

What causes sickle cell disease, in whichred blood cells contain abnormal hemoglobin? A) A lack of dietary iron B) An excess of hemoglobin C) A mutation D) A virus

Which of the following is an agranulocyte? A) Basophil B) Eosinophil C) Monocyte D) Neutrophil

What cell type accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a blood sample? A) Monocytes B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Neutrophils

What are the most active phagocytic cells among the leukocytes? A) Basophils and eosinophils B) Neutrophils and monocytes C) Lymphocytes and neutrophils D) Monocytes and lymphocytes

What is a primary function of lymphocytes? A) Phagocytize damaged cells B) Produce enzymes that dissolve blood clots C) Release substances that initiate blood clots D) Act against foreign substances

What is the value for a normal white blood cell count? A) 400-1,100 cells per microliter of blood B) 4,000-11,000 cells per microliter of blood C) 40,000-110,000 cells per microliter of blood D) 4,000,000-11,000,000 cells per microliter of blood

How are platelets described? A) Giant, multinucleated cells B) Fragments of cells C) Immature leukocytes D) Stem cells

Patients with leukemia tend to have a deficiency in __________ and, thus, have a tendency to bleed. A) vitamin K B) red blood cells C) platelets D) leukocytes

What is the primary function of plasma albumin? A) Act as antibodies during immune response B) Serve as an energy source C) Maintain blood osmotic pressure D) Transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins

Urea, uric acid, and creatine are examples of __________. A) nonprotein nitrogenous substances B) plasma proteins C) gamma globulins D) hormones

Which are the most abundant plasma electrolytes? A) Sodium and chloride ions B) Sodium and potassium ions C) Potassium and calcium ions D) Potassium and chloride ions

Platelets release the vasoconstricting substance called __________ as a platelet plug forms. A) collagen B) serotonin C) fibrin D) acetylcholine

What must occur in order for a blood clot to form? A) Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin. B) Thrombin activates prothrombin. C) Vitamin K converts fibrin to fibrinogen. D) Red blood cells are activiated by platelets.

Which compound serves as an enzyme in the blood coagulation mechanism? A) Thrombin B) Prothrombin C) Fibrinogen D) Fibrin

The formation of a blood clot requires all of these compounds except __________. A) calcium B) fibrinogen C) prothrombin D) albumin E) vitamin K

List two factors that function to dissolve blood clots. A) Thrombus and embolus B) Urokinase and streptokinase C) Calcium ions and prothrombin activator D) Vitamin K and calcium

What would be found on the surface of red blood cells in an individual with blood type AB? A) Antigens A and B B) Antigen A only C) Antigen B only D) Neither antigen A nor B

The most common blood type in the United States has which type(s) of antibodies in its plasma? A) Anti-A antibodies only B) Anti-B antibodies only C) Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies D) Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

What approach is used to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis? A) Treat Rh-positive mother with Rh-positive blood cells. B) Treat Rh-positive mothers with anti-Rh agglutinins (antibodies). C) Treat Rh-negative mothers with Rh-positive blood cells. D) Treat Rh-negative mothers with anti-Rh agglutinins (antibodies). E) Treat Rh-positive fetuses with Rh-positive blood cells.

What component of blood typically makes up about 45% of blood volume? A) Red blood cells B) White blood cells C) Plasma D) Platelets

What is the typical total blood volume for males of average height and weight? A) 3-4 L B) 5-6 L C) 7-8 L D) 8-9 L

What feature of erythrocytes (RBCs) provides increased surface area for oxygen diffusion? A) Presence of microvilli B) Biconcave shape C) Overlapping folds in the plasma membrane D) Presence of antigens

The bluish color of skin and mucous membranes due to prolonged oxygen deficiency is called __________. A) polycythemia B) hypoxia C) cyanosis D) jaundice

A normal red blood cell count for average adult males is about __________ million cells per microliter of blood. For average adult females, the count is about __________ million cells per microliter. A) 4.2-4.7; 5.4-6.1 B) 4.2-5.4; 4.7-6.1 C) 4.7-6.1; 4.2-5.4 D) 5.4-6.1; 4.2-4.7

What is the term for red blood cell formation? A) Hemostasis B) Erythromitosis C) Hemoporesis D) Erythropoiesis

What is the average life span of an erythrocyte? A) 3 months B) 4 months C) 6 months D) 1 year E) 2 years

Name the hormone that stimulates red blood cell formation. A) Erythropoietin B) Interleukin C) Colony-stimulating factor D) Thrombopoietin

Name the stem cell from which all formed elements are produced. A) Megakaryoblast B) Myeloblast C) Hemocytoblast D) Lymphoid stem cell

The rate of red blood cell formation is regulated by negative feedback. Considering the function of red blood cells, what condition is most likely to cause increased RBC production? A) A viral infection accompanied by high fever B) Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures C) Diabetes D) Polycythemia E) Chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Mr. Jenkins saw his doctor because he had been feeling tired and listless. Blood tests revealed a low hematocrit. Mr. Jenkins has a condition called __________. A) anemia B) anoxia C) polycythemia D) hypoxia E) leukemia

Hemoglobin contains four __________ groups, each of which has a(n) __________ at its center, acting as the binding site for oxygen. A) globin; nitrogen B) heme; carbon C) globin; iron D) heme; iron

In the inherited disorder called __________, the small intestine absorbs many times the normal amount of iron, leading to a toxic buildup in body tissues. A) hemochromatosis B) polycythemia C) thrombocytopenia D) hemolytic anemia

What is biliverdin? A) Red-orange pigment molecule that is converted to carotene B) Green pigment resulting from hemoglobin breakdown C) Yellow pigment that results from breakdown of the zinc-containing portion of hemoglobin D) Yellow pigment that gives urine its color

The accummulation of what product of erythrocyte breakdown can result in the condition called jaundice? A) Bilirubin B) Biliverdin C) Iron D) Globin

What type of white blood cell is phagocytic, has a segmented nucleus, and accounts for more than half of all WBCs? A) Basophils B) Eosinophils C) Lymphocytes D) Monocytes E) Neutrophils

What type of white blood cell typically has a bilobed nucleus and a cytoplasm filled with granules that appear deep red in an acidic stain? A) Basophil B) Eosinophil C) Lymphocyte D) Monocyte E) Neutrophil

What type of leukocyte accounts for 1% to 3% of all circulating WBCs? A) Basophil B) Eosinophil C) Lymphocyte D) Monocyte E) Neutrophil

What type of leukocyte has cytoplasmic granules that appear very dark blue in a basic stain? A) Basophils B) Eosinophils C) Lymphocytes D) Monocytes E) Neutrophils

What type of leukocyte is the largest of the WBCs, accounting for 3% to 9% of circulating WBCs? A) Basophils B) Eosinophils C) Lymphocytes D) Monocytes E) Neutrophils

What type of leukocyte accounts for 25% to 33% of all circulating WBCs and is closest in size to the red blood cells? A) Basophils B) Eosinophils C) Lymphocytes D) Monocytes E) Neutrophils

What type of leukocyte can potentially live for years? A) Basophils B) Eosinophils C) Lymphocytes D) Monocytes E) Neutrophils

What type of leukocyte leaves the circulation and becomes a macrophage? A) Basophils B) Eosinophils C) Lymphocytes D) Monocytes E) Neutrophils

By what process can white blood cells leave blood vessels and enter tissue spaces? A) Osmotic pressure B) Diffusion C) Diapedesis D) Agglutination

What is the function of the hormone thrombopoietin? A) It stimulates platelet formation. B) It inhibits platelet formation. C) It stimulates thrombus formation. D) It inhibits megakaryocyte formation.

What term is defined as an excessive number of white blood cells? A) Lymphedema B) Leukopenia C) Leukocytosis D) Polycythemia

A high white blood cell count suggests what situation? A) A blood clotting disorder B) Anemia C) Oxygen deficiency D) An infection

By definition, the term __________ refers to a white blood cell count that is lower than normal. A) leukocytocis B) polycythemia C) leukopenia D) thrombocytopenia

What test is used to determine the percentage of each type of leukocyte present in a patient's blood sample? A) Hematocrit B) DIFF count C) White blood cell count D) Crossmatch test

What is the function of a megakaryocyte? A) Cell from which all types of WBCs develop B) Cell from which monocytes develop C) Cell from which all formed elements develop D) Cell from which platelets are formed

Which plasma component is a nonprotein nitrogenous substance? A) Glucose B) Calcium C) Creatinine D) Cholesterol

What term refers to the process that stops bleeding? A) Hemolysis B) Hemostasis C) Agglutination D) Hematopoiesis

What might trigger spasms of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel wall? A) Injury to blood vessel B) Parasympathetic stimulation C) Formation of a blood clot within vessel D) Deficiency of plasma globulins

The process of coagulation involves what step? A) Formation of platelet plug B) Vasospasm C) Formation of fibrin D) Formation of plasmin

What statement applies to people with blood type A ⁺? A) They have anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies. B) They have B antigens and anti-Rh antibodies. C) They have A antigens and anti-Rh antibodies. D) They have A antigens and Rh antigens.

What antigens are found on RBCs of type O- blood? A) Rh antigen only B) A , B, and Rh antigens C) No blood-grouping antigens D) A and B antigens, but no Rh antigen

What blood group antibodies are present in type O blood? A) Anti-A antibodies only B) Anti-B antibodies only C) Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies D) Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

What is the result of mixing anti-A antibodies with type A red blood cells? A) Nothing B) Coagulation C) Agglutination D) Hemorrage

What two vitamins are essential for DNA synthesis and therefore significantly influence red blood cell production? A) Vitamins A and D B) Folic acid and vitamin B ₁₂ C) Vitamins A and C D) Vitamins K and B ₁₂ E) Folic acid and vitamin D

Blood is a type of __________ tissue. A) connective B) epithelial C) nervous D) muscle

In an adult, red blood cells are primarily produced in the __________. A) red bone marrow B) liver C) major blood vessels D) spleen

What is the correct order of events that occur following an injury to a blood vessel? A) Vascular spasm; platelet plug formation; blood clot formation B) Platelet plug formation; blood clot formation; vascular spasm C) Platelet plug formation; vascular spasm; blood clot formation D) Blood clot formation; vascular spasm; platelet plug formation

In a centrifuged blood sample, what forms the "buffy coat"? A) White blood cells and platelets B) Red blood cells C) Plasma D) All of the formed elements together

Anthony just finished his 4-mile run on a damp morning in 30-degree weather. His wife noticed that there was a bluish tinge to his fingernail beds and around his lips. What is this condition called? A) Cyanosis B) Jaundice C) Anemia D) Thrombocytopenia

Due to her Crohn's disease, Kristen has a fat malabsorption disorder with which she is less able to absorb dietary fats and the fat-soluble vitamins from her small intestine. Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamin K. What is a possible effect of this malabsorption disorder? A) Increased tendency for bleeding B) Formation of thrombi C) Development of anemia D) Development of thrombocytopenia

During hematopoiesis, the __________ stem cells give rise to RBCs, platelets, and all but one type of WBC. A) myeloid B) lymphoid

What WBCC (white blood cell count) would be indicative of an acute infection such as appendicitis? A) 2,500 white blood cells per microliter of blood B) 6,500 white blood cells per microliter of blood C) 10,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood D) 16,500 white blood cells per microliter of blood

A platelet count of __________ platelets per microliter of blood would indicate an increased risk of bleeding. A) 80,000 B) 150,000 C) 300,000 D) 650,000

The process of __________ requires the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. A) fibrinolysis B) agglutination C) coagulation D) hematopoiesis

In what clinical situation would use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) be appropriate? A) Stroke or heart attack B) Severe hemorrhaging C) Acute infection D) Leukemia

A patient who has a platelet count of 75,000 per microliter of blood will likely exhibit which of the following symptoms? A) Increased risk of internal bleeding B) Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis C) Increased risk of anemia D) Increased risk of developing an infection

A patient who has a red blood cell count of 3,275,000 cells per microliter of blood will likely exhibit which of the following symptoms? A) Increased risk of internal bleeding B) Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis C) Increased risk of anemia D) Increased risk of developing an infection

In determining Carolyn's blood type, a sample of her blood agglutinated when mixed with anti-B antiserum. It also agglutinated when mixed with anti-Rh antiserum. There was no reaction when mixed with anti-A antiserum. What is Carolyn's blood type? A) Type A- B) Type A+ C) Type B- D) Type B+ E) Type O+

Which situation would lead to a transfusion reaction? A) Type O patient receives transfusion of type A blood B) Type AB patient receives transfusion of type A blood C) Type A patient receives transfusion of type O blood D) Type B patient receives transfusion of type B blood

When hemoglobin molecules are broken down, a greenish pigment called __________ is formed.

Typically, the most common type of leukocyte in a blood sample is the __________.

The term __________ refers to an abnormally low white blood cell count.

The most abundant type of plasma protein is __________.

The process that stops bleeding by one of several means is called __________.

A blood clot that breaks loose and travels in the blood is called a(n) __________.

When a blood transfusion is of an incompatible blood type, the clumping of red blood cells that results is called __________.