Anatomy and Physiology Study Set 1

A red blood cell is a spherical cell and contains a large nucleus.

Vitamin B12 is important for the production of red blood cells because it is required for hemoglobin production.

A platelet plug is formed when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.

Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not.

Persons with type AB blood are considered universal donors.

Formed elements of the blood include proteins, cells, and cell fragments.

Plasma makes up more than half (55%) of the volume of blood.

Mature red blood cells cannot divide, do not synthesize hemoglobin, and cannot undergo aerobic respiration.

Macrophages phagocytize old red blood cells and transport hemoglobin to the kidney for elimination.

A build up of bilirubin causes the yellowish coloration seen in jaundice.

Substances called interleukins and colony-stimulating factors stimulate white blood cell formation and differentiation.

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are the type of leukocyte called granulocytes.

In general, red blood cells are larger than white blood cells.

Basophils release chemicals that increase blood flow to injured tissues and promote inflammation.

Lymphocytes function to phagocytize bacteria.

Plasma is about 50% water and 50% dissolved substances.

Albumin, collagen, and fibrinogen are the three main types of plasma proteins.

Plasma proteins are solutes that attract and hold water in the bloodstream, helping to maintain osmotic balance.

Platelets are a part of the mechanism that repairs breaks in blood vessels and that causes blood clot formation.

Functions of plasma electrolytes include maintenance of osmotic pressure and regulation of blood pH.