Anatomy and Physiology Study Set 1

Enzymes are nucleic acidsthat catalyze specific chemical reactions.

A cofactor is a nonprotein component with which some enzymes must combine in order to be active.

The oxidation of glucose, as occurs with cellular respiration, results in its complete breakdown.

The type of energy used by most metabolic processes is chemical energy.

An ATP molecule includes three phosphate groups.

Of the 32 molecules of ATP generated in one round of the reactions of cellular respiration, only two come from glycolysis.

Complete oxidation of glucose results in the production of nitrogen and water.

A metabolic pathway is a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

A genome is a section of DNA in which the nitrogenous base sequence encodes a specific sequence of amino acids.

The four nitrogenous bases occurring in DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil.

A codon is a series of three nucleotides within an mRNA molecule that corresponds to a particular amino acid.

The process of translation involves the assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in a transfer RNA molecule.

Anticodon sequences are found in transfer RNA molecules.

Describe anabolism.

What is an example of dehydration synthesis?

A piece of bread held in the mouth begins to taste sweet as large carbohydrate molecules are broken down into smaller sugars. This is an example of what type of chemical reaction?

How is water involved in the process of hydrolysis?

What is an example of catabolism?

By definition, anabolism and catabolism together constitute __________.

What is the function of enzymes?