Quiz 6: Integumentary System

In healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of skin cells.

Blood carrying excess oxygen results in cyanosis.

The outermost layer of the epidermis is stratum basale and the innermost layer is stratum corneum.

On its superficial aspect, the epidermis has ridges called papillae that project upward toward the surface of the skin.

Carcinomas appear most often in the skin of the neck, face, and scalp.

Three physiological factors that can affect the color of skin are the volume of blood in dermal vessels, the amount of oxygen carried by the blood, and presence of carotene in the subcutaneous layer.

The secretion of the sebaceous glands is called sebum.

Hair color is determined by the amount of keratin protein produced during keratinization.

When the body temperature rises abovenormal, dermal blood vessels are likely to constrict.

The nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with what structures? A) Hair, oil glands, and sweat glands B) Bone, tendons, and muscles C) Subcutaneous layer D) Muscles, glands, and sensory receptors E) Fingernails and toenails

Which of the following does NOT describe the skin? A) The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis. B) The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium. C) The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis. D) The dermis contains smooth muscle and nerve tissue. E) The skin contains some immune cells.

What is happening to epidermal cells as they are pushed from the deeper part of the epidermis toward the surface? A) They divide continually. B) Their supply of nutrients improves. C) They die. D) They become dermal cells. E) They become cancerous.

Sweat glands and sebaceous glands are located in the __________. A) dermis B) epidermis C) subcutaneous layer D) dermal papillae

Where are blood vessels located that supply the skin? A) In only the epidermis B) In both the epidermis and the dermis C) In only the dermis D) In only the subcutaneous layer E) In both the subcutaneous layer and the dermis

Cutaneous carcinomas develop from what type of skin cell? A) Melanocytes B) Nonpigmented epidermal cells C) Pigmented dermal cells D) Dermal fibroblasts

Prolonged bedrest can result in the development of __________ in areas of skin overlying bony projections. A) pressure ulcers B) melanomas C) cutaneous carcinomas D) granulations E) scars

What is the function of melanocytes? A) Removal of dead cells by phagocytosis B) Regulation of body temperature C) Production of skin pigment D) Production of vitamin D E) Sensory (touch) reception

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in what layer? A) Epidermis B) Dermis C) Subcutaneous layer D) Stratum corneum E) Stratum basale

What is the most common cause of cutaneous melanoma? A) Relatively short exposure to high-intensity sunlight B) Prolonged exposure to low-intensity sunlight C) Occasional exposure to X rays D) Exposure to background radiation E) Exposure to mutagenic (mutation-causing) chemicals

Injections called __________ are those that are administered into the skin. A) subcutaneous injections B) intradermal injections C) intramuscular injections D) hypodermic injections E) intravenous injections

Skin cells play an important role in the production of what vitamin? A) Vitamin A B) Niacin C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin D E) Vitamin K

Production of __________ and the darkening of the skin results from exposure to ultraviolet light. A) melatonin B) carotene C) hemoglobin D) cyanin E) melanin

What makes up the structure of a shaft of a hair? A) Dead epidermal cells B) Living epidermal cells C) Dead dermal cells D) Living dermal cells E) Living fibroblasts

Each nail consists of a nail __________ overlying a nail __________. A) lunula; plate B) plate; bed C) bed; plate D) papilla; plate E) bed; lunula

Which statement describes merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands? A) Most common in the armpits and groin B) Respond primarily to elevated body temperature C) Respond primarily to emotional stress D) Usually associated with hair follicles E) Examples of holocrine glands

Acne is a disorder involving what accessory structure of the skin? A) Sweat glands B) Hair follicles C) Sebaceous glands D) Apocrine glands E) Merocrine (eccrine) glands

Regulation of __________ is important because, if it changes too much, the rate of metabolic reactions will be affected. A) melanin production B) body temperature C) vitamin D production D) skin cell production E) sebum production

What is a normal response to excess loss of body heat in a cold environment? A) Dermal blood vessels constrict. B) Sebaceous glands become more active. C) Blood flow to skin increases. D) Sweat glands become more active.

What forms the granulations that appear during the healing of large, open wounds? A) Blood clots B) Phagocytic cells C) Fibroblasts and new blood vessels D) Scar tissue E) Dead keratinocytes

What is the location of the basement membrane? A) At the surface of the epidermis B) Between the epidermis and the dermis C) Between the dermis and the subcutaneous layer D) Between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum

The stratum __________ is present in thick skin, but is absent from thin skin. A) lucidum B) corneum C) spinosum D) granulosum E) basale

Collagen and elastic fibers of the __________ are continuous with those of the __________. A) subcutaneous layer; dermis B) epidermis; dermis C) epidermis; subcutaneous layer

The __________ layer lacks blood vessels. A) epidermal B) dermal C) subcutaneous

Where does the process of keratinization occur? A) Epidermis B) Dermis C) Subcutaneous layer

What is keratinization? A) Process of hardening the epidermal cells B) Process by which the secretions of sebaceous glands are released C) Process of production and distribution of melanin granules D) Process of cell division that produces hair E) Process of healing of shallow wounds involving only the epidermis

In what layer are new epidermal cells produced via cell division? A) Stratum basale B) Stratum corneum C) Superficial portion of dermis D) Stratum lucidum E) Subcutaneous layer

How is the presence of melanin helpful to skin cells? A) It blocks UV radiation from damaging DNA of skin cells. B) It acts as a waterproofing material, allowing the skin to be dry and waterproof. C) It is able to attack and destroy germs (pathogens) before they enter the body through the skin. D) It provides a source of fuel (carbohydrates) to the epidermal cells. E) It is the source of new skin cells, helping in the repair of wounds.

What is the correct order of the epidermal layers found in thick skin, superficial to deep? A) Stratum corneum; stratum lucidum; stratum granulosum; stratum spinosum; stratum basale B) Stratum corneum; stratum spinosum; stratum granulosum; stratum lucidum; stratum basale C) Stratum basale; stratum spinosum; stratum granulosum; stratum lucidum; stratum corneum D) Stratum basale; stratum corneum; stratum lucidum; stratum granulosum; stratum spinosum E) Stratum lucidum; stratum corneum; stratum basale; stratum granulosum; stratum spinosum

What are dermal papillae? A) Conical projections of dermis just deep to the epidermis B) Ridges of epidermal cells extending down into dermis C) Clusters of stem cells located along side of hair follicles D) Conical projections of dermal tissue extending into the base of hair follicles E) Areas where sebaceous glands connect to hair follicles

The fingernails and toenails consist of what material? A) Keratinized epidermal cells B) Collagen C) Bone D) Elastic fibers embedded with collagen E) Pheomelanin and eumelanin

Structures including a bulb, a bulge, and a papilla are all associated with what skin structure? A) Hair follicle B) Dermal layer C) Fingernail D) Melanocyte E) Stratum basale

What structure is a source of stem cells? A) Hair bulge B) Hair papilla C) Hair bulb D) Hair root

The structure of the __________ protects against water loss, the effects of harmful chemicals, and the entry of pathogens. A) epidermis B) dermis C) nails D) hair E) subcutaneous layer

The pigment called __________ is reddish-yellow, and __________ is brownish-black. A) pheomelanin; eumelanin B) eumelanin; pheomelanin

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is associated with shortness of breath and cyanosis. Why would the cyanosis occur? A) Decreased oxygen in the blood causes a bluish color to the skin. B) The patient's oxygen-rich blood gives the skin the bluish color. C) Low blood oxygen causes skin cells to die, resulting in the bluish tinge to the skin. D) Shortness of breath results in production of various skin pigments, causing the bluish color.

Liver disease may be accompanied by an altered skin tone, called __________, giving the skin a(n) __________ color. A) jaundice; yellow B) cyanosis; blue C) jaundice; blue D) cyanosis; yellow

The condition called __________ results from a complete lack of melanin. A) albinism B) jaundice C) cyanosis D) melanoma

A person's skin color is due to pigment located in the __________. A) epidermis B) dermis C) subcutaneous layer D) adipose tissue

During inflammation, what change occurs to blood vessels in the injured/affected area? A) Blood vessels dilate and become leaky. B) Blood vessels constrict and become less leaky. C) Blood vessels dilate and become less leaky. D) Blood vessels constrict and become leaky.

The pigment called __________ is produced by melanocytes..

The __________ tissue of the subcutaneous layer acts as a heat insulator.

The __________ sweat glands of the skin begin to function at puberty, and respond to emotional stress by increasing their secretion.

The arrector pili of the dermis are composed of __________ muscle tissue.

Unlike blonde and red hair, dark hair contains an abundance of the pigment called __________.