Quiz 3: Cells

The basic framework of a cell membrane is a triple layer of lipid molecules.

The genetic material (DNA) is the component of the cell that carries hereditary information.

A lysosome is an example of a cellular organelle.

Mitochondria manufacture proteins.

In anaphase of mitosis, centromeres and duplicated parts of chromosomes separate.

A cell that secretes abundant proteins, such as a cell in the pancreas secreting insulin, would have extra nuclei.

A structure that transports secretions from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus is a vesicle.

The Golgi apparatus contains DNA.

An organelle that is a fluid-filled sac with inner partitions studded with enzymes is a mitochondrion.

Interphase is a "time out" in the cell cycle, when the cell rests its synthetic activities.

In osmosis, water diffuses down its concentration gradient.

A bone cell and a nerve cell have the same genetic information.

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is called diffusion.

A microfilament is made of tiny rods of actin protein.

Too infrequent cell division can lead to cancer, whereas too frequent cell division can delay wound healing.

During the metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up between the two centrioles.

Specialized structures within cells are called organelles.

A neuron and an astrocyte can descend from the same progenitor cell.

In terms of cell lineages, a blood cell is more closely related to a bone cell than to a skin cell.

The three-dimensional form of a cell affects its ability to perform its function.

Most cells contain only the parts of DNA necessary to perform the cell's specific functions.

All integral proteins extend through the plasma membrane and protrude on both sides.

Nuclear pores are channels composed of tubulin, a protein that also forms microfilaments.

Diffusion may take place even when a concentration gradient is absent.

Among other functions, lysosomesdetoxify alcohol and break down hydrogen peroxide.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is another name for facilitated diffusion.

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is by diffusion.

The movement of glucose through a cell membrane is by facilitated diffusion.

Studies show that chronic psychological or emotional stress as well as clinical depression or obesity can stimulate telomere lengthening.

In prophase, DNA is tightly coiled into darkly staining structures called chromatin.

All differentiated cell types in a human body arise through lineages of stem and progenitor cells.

Chromatin consists of DNA and protein.

Abnormal rates of mitosis can lead to poor wound healing and delayed growth. A) The number of cells of that type B) The size of the cell C) The shape of the cell D) The genes used by the cell E) The requirements of the body in a particular situation

Roughly how many cells are in the adult human body? A) 200 million cells B) 750 million cells C) 1 trillion cells D) 30 trillion cells E) 1 quadrillion cells

What is endoplasmic reticulum? A) Formless liquid B) Cellular inclusion C) Network of interconnected membranes D) Thread that sticks out from the cell membrane E) Genetic headquarters of the cell

Ribosomes are composed largely of protein and __________. A) RNA B) DNA C) lipid D) carbohydrate E) water

A nucleolus is composed largely of what two organic compounds? A) RNA and DNA B) RNA and lipid C) DNA and protein D) DNA and lipid E) RNA and protein

Vesicles are formed mainly by folding of the __________. A) lysosomal membrane B) nuclear membrane C) cell membrane D) endoplasmic reticulum E) mitochondrion

What are the three basic parts of a composite cell? A) Nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria B) Cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm C) Cell membrane, ion channels, and cytoplasm D) Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum E) Centrioles, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

What are clusters of ribosomes in the cytoplasm called? A) Mitochondria B) Inclusions C) Polysomes D) Polysaccharides E) Microtubules

What are two functions of the cell membrane? A) To house and access the DNA B) To enable the cell to communicate with and attach to other cells C) To produce and break down secretions D) To provide cellular energy and to produce mitochondria E) To move the cell and help it to divide

Which of the following is not a component of the cell membrane? A) Proteins B) Lipids C) Cholesterol D) Glycerol E) Glycogen

Why is the interior of a cell membrane oily? A) The membrane drinks in oils. B) The phospholipid tails are made of fatty acids. C) The phospholipid heads are made of fatty acids. D) The cytoskeleton passes oils to the outside of the cell. E) The cytoskeleton captures oils from outside the cell.

How are membrane proteins classified? A) By their position B) By their size C) By their abundance D) By their amino acid diversity E) By their oiliness

What is the function of a glycoprotein that extends from the surface of a cell? A) To indicate whether protein synthesis is taking place in the cell B) To combine with other glycoproteins to form cilia C) To mark the cell as belonging to a particular type of tissue or organ in a particular person D) To dip back inside the cell if a person contracts an infection E) To form a lipid bilayer

What forms the rods and tubules of the cytoskeleton? A) Carbohydrates B) Cilia C) Lipids D) Protein E) Endoplasmic reticulum

Which type of cell has many mitochondria? A) Red blood cell B) Fat cell C) Nerve cell D) Skin cell E) Muscle cell

What activity takes place on ribosomes? A) Protein synthesis B) DNA synthesis C) Carbohydrate synthesis D) Energy acquisition E) Cell division

What organelle houses enzymes that degrade cellular debris? A) Lysosome B) Peroxisome C) Mitochondrion D) Nucleus E) Golgi apparatus

What cell would have a flagellum? A) An egg B) A sperm C) A nerve cell D) A muscle cell E) A white blood cell

A cell membrane is composed mostly of what two organic compounds? A) DNA and RNA B) Carbohydrates and lipids C) Proteins and nucleic acids D) Nucleic acids and proteins E) Proteins and lipids

What are attached to the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum? A) Nucleoli B) Ribosomes C) Chromosomes D) Lysosomes E) Mitochondria

What process is used by the kidneys to cleanse blood? A) Filtration B) Active transport C) Exocytosis D) Facilitated diffusion E) Phagocytosis

A ligand would enter a cell using what process? A) Passive transport B) Exocytosis C) Receptor-mediated endocytosis D) Pinocytosis E) Simple diffusion

What structures form a centrosome? A) Centrioles B) Centromeres C) Nuclei D) Vesicles E) Chromosomes

What would occur if the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell? A) Water will enter the cell by osmosis. B) Water will leave the cell by osmosis. C) Glucose will enter the cell by osmosis. D) Glucose will leave the cell by osmosis.

Movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration depends upon __________ pressure. A) osmotic B) barometric C) atmospheric D) hydrostatic

If the fluid outside of a cell membrane contains a greater concentration of dissolved particles than the fluid inside the cell, how is this extracellular fluid described? A) The extracellular solution is isotonic to the intracellular fluid. B) The extracellular fluid is iso-osmotic to the intracellular fluid. C) The extracellular fluid is hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. D) The extracellular solution is hypotonic to the intracellular fluid. E) The extracellular solution is isometric to the intracellular fluid.

What cellular transport process requires the greatest expenditure of cellular energy? A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Active transport D) Filtration E) Passive transport

Which of the following processes uses specific carrier molecules? A) Phagocytosis B) Pinocytosis C) Active transport D) Filtration E) Diffusion

What is the function of mitochondria? A) To manufacture protein B) To release energy from glucose molecules C) To digest lipid molecules D) To synthesize lipids E) To transport material

What solution is isotonic to red blood cells? A) 0.9 percent NaCl solution B) Distilled water C) 0.9 percent glucose solution D) 0.5 percent glucose solution E) 1.4 percent galactose solution

What is the process called by which glucose can pass through a membrane using special carrier proteins? A) Facilitated transport B) Osmosis C) Active transport D) Endocytosis E) Diffusion

What mechanism of membrane transport requires an input of energy? A) Passive transport B) Active transport C) Facilitated diffusion D) Diffusion E) Osmosis

What process is used to move sodium ions from an area of relatively low concentration inside a cell to an area of higher concentration outside the cell? A) Osmosis B) Facilitated diffusion C) Active transport D) Exocytosis E) Diffusion

Tiny droplets of fluid can cross a cell membrane and enter a cell using the process called __________. A) phagocytosis B) active transport C) passive transport D) pinocytosis E) receptor-mediated endocytosis

From the time it forms until it divides forming new cells, a cell undergoes a series of changes called __________. A) mitosis B) interphase C) apoptosis D) the cell cycle E) cell death

Nerve cells release neurotransmitters using what process? A) Exocytosis B) Endocytosis C) Pinocytosis D) Phagocytosis E) Osmosis

What organelle is built of microtubules and fringes the free surfaces of some cells? A) Cilium B) Nucleolus C) Vesicle D) Endoplasmic reticulum E) Centrosome

White blood cells that take in particles and cellular debris are called __________. A) pinocytes B) erythrocytes C) phagocytes D) hepatocytes E) endocytes

Adrenoleukodystrophy is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system. The gene abnormality causes a lack of an enzyme that breaks down very long chain fatty acids outside the cell. The resulting over accumulation causes brain degeneration. What organelle is affected by the gene abnormality? A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) Mitochondrion D) Peroxisome

Centromeres pull apart during what phase of the cell cycle? A) Anaphase B) Prophase C) Metaphase D) Telophase E) Interphase

Roughly, a typical cell has how many ion channels? A) Hundreds B) Thousands C) Millions D) Billions E) Trillions

What is the correct sequence of the phases of mitosis? A) Prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase B) Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase C) Telophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase D) Anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase E) Metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase

Because of mitosis and cytoplasmic division, the resulting cells have __________ chromosomes and __________ DNA information. A) identical; different B) different; identical C) identical; identical D) different; different

What is the name given to cells that retain the ability to divide without specializing? A) Progenitor cells B) Apoptotic cells C) Stem cells D) Differentiated cells E) Mitotic cells

What happens during metaphase? A) Chromosomes line up between the centrioles. B) Chromosomes unwind to form chromatin. C) Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell. D) Chromosomes are surrounded by a nuclear membrane. E) Chromosomes are selectively released from the cell.

What is apoptosis? A) A form of secretion B) A form of cell division C) An abnormal form of development D) A response to injury E) A form of cell death

Which of the following does not describe a cell undergoing apoptosis? A) The cell rounds up and bulges. B) The cell retains the ability to divide continuously. C) Chromatin condenses and enzymes cut the chromosomes into equal-sized pieces. D) The cell breaks apart into membrane-enclosed fragments. E) The cell dies.

What is a cleavage furrow? A) Cellular constriction that occurs during interphase B) Cellular constriction that occurs towards the end of mitosis C) Cellular constriction that forms four cells from one D) A partitioning of the nucleus E) Cellular constriction that forms as mitosis begins

In Krabbe disease, an enzyme normally present in the __________ is abnormal or absent. A) centrosomes B) lysosomes C) cilia D) peroxisomes E) nucleus

What are the phases of the cell cycle? A) Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis B) Interphase, mitosis, and meiosis C) Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase D) Interphase, meiosis, and telophase E) Mitosis, meiosis, and cytokinesis

What term describes the spread of cancer cells beyond the tissue where they originated? A) Mitosis B) Apoptosis C) Metastasis D) Angiogenesis E) Cytokinesis

Tina has a sunburn. A week later, the skin on her burnt shoulder peels away. The cells are undergoing __________. A) apoptosis B) mitosis C) metastasis D) secretion E) signal transduction

Solution A is a 50% glucose solution. Solution B is a 25% glucose solution. The two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Based on this information, what substance, and in which direction, would move across the membrane? A) There would be a net movement of water from solution A to solution B. B) There would be a net movement of water from solution B to solution A. C) There would be a net movement of glucose from solution A to solution B. D) There would be a net movement of glucose from solution B to solution A.

Which is not one of the three main parts of a cell? A) Nucleus B) Cytoplasm C) Plasma membrane D) Mitochondria

The liquid in which a cell's contents are suspended is called ________. A) cytoplasm B) cytosol C) plasma D) interstitial fluid

The level of carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, is higher ________ the cell. A) inside B) outside

Glucose is a polar molecule that requires a carrier protein in order to diffuse through the plasma membrane's nonpolar barrier. Diffusion of substances that require carrier proteins is known as ____________. A) active transport B) transcytosis C) facilitated diffusion D) reverse osmosis E) endocytosis

What organelle is a membranous sac formed by budding off sections of the Golgi membrane? A) Peroxisome B) Mitochondrion C) Lysosome D) Centrosome

If impermeant solutes are present in greater concentration in intracellular fluid, which statement is true? A) Water will move into the cell. B) Water will move out of the cell. C) Impermeant solute will move into the cell. D) Impermeant solute will move out of the cell.

Neurotransmitter release is an example of _________. A) receptor-mediated transcytosis B) pinocytosis C) exocytosis D) phagocytosis

Which is an example of filtration? A) Distilled water entering a cell B) Cell removing cholesterol from its surrounding C) Uptake of water and solutes by body cells D) Glucose leaving blood capillaries

How many times do most types of human cells divide? A) 5 - 10 times B) 40 - 60 times C) 80 - 100 times D) More than 100 times

Normally, what type of cells do not divide? A) Nerve cells B) Skin cells C) Fat cells D) Bone marrow cells E) Small intestinal cells

What occurs when telomeres shorten to a certain length? A) The cell stops dividing. B) Centrioles are duplicated. C) Cytokinesisbegins. D) Mitosis begins.

During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication and protein synthesis occur? A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase D) Interphase E) Telophase

What type of cell division results in the formation of a sperm cell? A) Meiosis B) Mitosis C) Cytokinesis D) Cleavage

G ₁, S, and G ₂ are phases that occur during ____________. A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase E) interphase

What is the function of the nucleus? A) To direct the activities of the cell B) To release energy from nutrient molecules C) To digest wornout cellular parts D) To provide shape and structure for the cell

Anderson's disease results in the failure to secrete large particles called chylomicrons. Which organelle is most likely affected? A) Nucleus B) Lysosome C) Vesicles D) Mitochondrion

One function of liver cells is lipogenesis, the process of converting excess dietary carbohydrates to lipids. What organelle in the liver cell performs this function? A) Golgi apparatus B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum D) Mitochondrion

The failure of the centrioles to attach to what structure could result in the chromosomes not separating properly during cell division? A) Centrosome B) Cilia C) Nucleus D) Microtubules

Cells are placed in a solution that causes them to absorb liquid until they burst. When some of the water is removed from the solution, newly added cells do not burst. The original solution was __________ to the cells, while the second was __________ to the cells. A) hypotonic; isotonic B) hypertonic; isotonic C) isotonic; hypotonic D) isotonic; hypertonic

What could explain a rapidly growing cancerous mass that doubles in size in a month? A) Mitosis occurs too infrequently. B) Mitosis occurs too frequently. C) The cell cycle stops. D) The cell cycle runs backward.

How can nerve cells and muscle cells differ in structure and function but come from the same original cell? A) Each cell expresses a different subset of genes. B) Each cell has different genes. C) Each cell has different chromosomes. D) Each cell has a different rate of mitosis.

Mitosis is division of the _____. Upon completion of the cell cycle that includes mitosis, there are _____ cells. A) cytoplasm; 2 B) nucleus; 2 C) cytoplasm; 4 D) nucleus; 4

Within the nucleoplasm, ribosomes are formed in a small dense body called the __________.

If an isotonic saline solution is 0.9% NaCl, a 0.25% NaCl solution would be __________.

If a 5% dextrose solution is isotonic to blood, a 2% dextrose solution would be __________.

Ringer's solution is isotonic to blood; it contains various solutes whose concentrations are often expressed in mEq/L, or millEquivalents per Liter. If Ringer's has a total solute concentration of approximately 300 mEq/L, then a solution of 500 mEq/L would be _______ to the blood.

During _______, chromatids separate and become chromosomes that are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell.

The final stage of mitosis is __________.

Cells that retain the ability to divide repeatedly without specializing are called ________ cells.