Question 1

All of the following chemical messengers may be listed in multiple functional classes except
A) Eicosanoids
B) Epinephrine
C) Prostaglandins
D) Acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is primarily classified as a neurotransmitter and does not belong to multiple functional classes like the other options, which can act as hormones, neurotransmitters, or other signaling molecules.

Question 2

All of the following are water-soluble hormones except
A) growth hormone
B) insulin
C) thyrotropin-releasing hormone
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone
E) thyroid hormone

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone is lipid-soluble, while the rest of the hormones listed are water-soluble.

Question 3

The release of chemicals from an endocrine or exocrine gland is referred to as ______.
A) Absorption
B) Diffusion
C) Filtration
D) Secretion

Accepted Answer

Secretion is the process by which substances are produced and released from a gland, either endocrine or exocrine.

Question 4

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-membrane channels may be opened or closed
A)nuclear receptor model
B)membrane-bound receptor model

Accepted Answer

Membrane channels being opened or closed is a characteristic of the membrane-bound receptor model. Nuclear receptors are located inside the cell and typically bind to DNA to influence gene expression, while membrane-bound receptors are located on the outer surface of the cell membrane and are responsible for transmitting signals across the membrane.

Question 5

Emily is in labor with her first child. The amplitude-modulated system would show her oxytocin levels
A) to have a weak signal.
B) to have a moderate signal.
C) to have a strong signal.
D) too weak to measure.

Accepted Answer

During labor, a woman's oxytocin levels rise significantly to aid in the process of contractions and delivery. This would result in a strong signal on an amplitude-modulated system.

Question 6

Hormones act on specific tissues called _______ tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hormones act on specific tissues called _______...

Question 7

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH...

Question 8

Thyroid hormones (TH) normally travel in the blood both free and bound to TH-binding proteins. What would you expect to see in the blood work of a patient who had a deficiency of TH-binding protein?
A) Normal free TH levels, and low bound TH levels.
B) Low free TH levels, and low bound TH levels.
C) Low free TH levels, and normal bound TH levels.
D) Normal free TH levels, and normal bound TH levels.

Accepted Answer

In a patient with a deficiency of TH-binding protein, the amount of TH that can be bound is reduced, leading to lower levels of bound TH. However, the body regulates the production of thyroid hormones to maintain normal levels of free TH, which are crucial for normal physiological functions.

Question 9

Secretion of the hormones ___________ and ____________ exemplify the pattern of chronic hormone secretion.
A) epinephrine and norepinephrine
B) insulin and glucagon
C) calcitonin and PTH
D) estrogen and progesterone
E) thyrotropin and thyroxine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Secretion of the hormones ___________ and ____________...

Question 10

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-generally observe a latent period
A)nuclear receptor model
B)membrane-bound receptor model

Accepted Answer

The nuclear receptor model generally has a latency period before initiating gene transcription, while the membrane-bound receptor model typically has a quick response time.

Question 11

In ______, a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone.
A) amplification
B) positive feedback
C) down-regulation
D) up-regulation

Accepted Answer

Up-regulation refers to the process by which a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone. This allows the cell to respond more efficiently to lower levels of the hormone.

Question 12

Sympathetic neurons can serve as ______ stimuli for hormone release from certain endocrine organs.
A) Autocrine
B) Humoral
C) Paracrine
D) Neural

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic neurons can directly stimulate hormone release from endocrine organs through neural signals, making them neural stimuli.

Question 13

Increased testosterone levels reduce the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary. This is an example of
A) inhibition of hormone release by humoral stimuli
B) inhibition of hormone release by neural stimuli
C) inhibition of hormone release by external stimuli
D) inhibition of hormonal release by environmental stimuli
E) inhibition of hormone release by hormonal stimuli

Accepted Answer

Increased testosterone levels act as a negative feedback mechanism on the hypothalamus and pituitary, inhibiting the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. This response is an example of inhibition of hormone release by hormonal stimuli.

Question 14

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-messenger RNA synthesis regulated
A)nuclear receptor model
B)membrane-bound receptor model

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA synthesis occurs in the nucleus, therefore it is regulated by nuclear receptors. Membrane-bound receptors typically mediate signaling events that occur outside of the nucleus.

Question 15

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its _______ ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The length of time needed to eliminate...

Question 16

Blood chemistry changes are examples of ______ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of _______ stimuli for hormone release.
A) neural; humoral
B) positive; negative
C) Negative; positive
D) humoral; neural

Accepted Answer

Blood chemistry changes are examples of humoral stimuli, which involve the release of hormones in response to changes in blood levels of ions and nutrients. Sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of neural stimuli, where nerve fibers stimulate hormone release.

Question 17

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ chemical signals are released by cells...

Question 18

A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a(n) _____.
A) hormone response element
B) transcription factor
C) messenger RNA
D) intracellular mediator

Accepted Answer

An intracellular mediator, also known as a second messenger, is produced in response to a hormone binding to a receptor and helps propagate the signal inside the cell.

Question 19

All of the following characteristics of hormones except
A) Hormones alter activity in target cells
B) Hormones interact specifically with receptors
C) Hormones are stable in blood until arrival at target cells
D) Hormones interact with any cells in contact with bloodstream

Accepted Answer

Hormones do not interact with any cells in contact with the bloodstream; they specifically interact with target cells that have the appropriate receptors for those hormones.

Question 20

All of the following are reasons why some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood except
A) They are small enough to be easily digested by blood enzymes.
B) They are easily filtered from the blood into the kidney tubules.
C) They have low solubility in blood plasma due to their chemical nature.
D) They cannot dissolve in the blood because they are water-soluble.

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble hormones can dissolve in blood plasma, so they do not need assistance to travel in the blood.

Quiz 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

All of the following chemical messengers may be listed in multiple functional classes except

All of the following are water-soluble hormones except

The release of chemicals from an endocrine or exocrine gland is referred to as ______.

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -membrane channels may be opened or closed

Emily is in labor with her first child. The amplitude-modulated system would show her oxytocin levels

Hormones act on specific tissues called _______ tissues.

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

Thyroid hormones (TH) normally travel in the blood both free and bound to TH-binding proteins. What would you expect to see in the blood work of a patient who had a deficiency of TH-binding protein?

Secretion of the hormones _ and __ exemplify the pattern of chronic hormone secretion.

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -generally observe a latent period

In ______, a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone.

Sympathetic neurons can serve as ______ stimuli for hormone release from certain endocrine organs.

Increased testosterone levels reduce the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary. This is an example of

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -messenger RNA synthesis regulated

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its _ __.

Blood chemistry changes are examples of stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of _ stimuli for hormone release.

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a(n) _____.

All of the following characteristics of hormones except

All of the following are reasons why some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood except