Quiz 21: Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Systemic blood vessels transport blood A) from the left ventricle through the body to the left atrium. B) from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium. C) from the right ventricle through the body to the left atrium. D) from the right ventricle through the body to the right atrium. E) from the left ventricle to the lungs.

Blood is moved through the vascular system by A) valves in the wall of the blood vessels. B) peristalsis caused by smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls. C) pressure gradients created by the heart. D) osmotic pressure. E) viscosity of the blood.

Which function does the circulatory system share with the heart? A) directs blood flow to tissues B) exchanges nutrients and wastes with cells C) transports hormones to all areas of the body D) regulates blood pressure

What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart? A) arteriole, artery, capillary, vein, venule B) capillary, arteriole, artery, vein, venule C) artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein D) vein, capillary, artery, arteriole, venule E) artery, venule, capillary, arteriole, vein

Which of the following enhances the exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces? A) the thinness of the capillary wall B) minimal branching in the capillary bed C) increased blood velocity through the capillaries D) the high pressure in the interstitial spaces E) the stratification of the capillary wall

The lining of a capillary is called the A) endothelium. B) adventitia. C) pericapillary layer. D) thoroughfare layer. E) tunica adventitia.

The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of A) veins. B) arteries. C) arterioles. D) capillaries. E) venules.

Which of the following is NOT a pericapillary cell found in capillaries? A) macrophages B) neurons C) undifferentiated smooth muscle cells D) fibroblasts

Continuous capillaries A) have many thin areas called fenestrae. B) are freely permeable to large molecules such as hormones. C) have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together. D) are more permeable then fenestrated capillaries but not as permeable as sinusoidal capillaries. E) are characterized by continuous pores.

Which of the following organs would be most likely to contain fenestrated capillaries? A) spleen B) kidney C) bone marrow D) muscle E) pancreas

Which type of capillaries have large fenestrae and are found in endocrine glands? A) sinusoidal capillaries B) continuous capillaries C) fenestrated capillaries D) sinusoids

Which type of capillary has the largest diameter? A) sinusoids B) continuous capillaries C) sinusoidal capillaries D) venous sinuses E) fenestrated capillaries

Capillary walls serve as effective permeability barriers for A) oxygen and carbon dioxide. B) electrolytes. C) glucose. D) proteins. E) small water-soluble molecules.

Precapillary sphincters A) serve as valves in veins. B) are found in the tunica media. C) carry blood under high pressure. D) control the blood flow into capillary beds. E) are voluntary structures.

Which statement is CORRECT? A) For an artery and vein of the same diameter, the vein would have a thicker wall. B) Veins contain valves and arteries do not. C) Blood pressure is lower in arteries than in veins. D) When empty, an artery is more likely to be collapsed (flattened) than a vein. E) Both arteries and veins are under pressure.

Which kind of vessel provides a bypass for a capillary bed? A) sinusoid B) portal vein C) thoroughfare channel D) vasa vasorum E) metarteriole

Which statement about precapillary sphincters is CORRECT? A) They contract when oxygen levels in the tissue are low. B) They can close off the capillaries by contracting. C) They are openings that allow large molecules and blood cells to leave the capillary. D) When the precapillary sphincters are open, blood flows only through the thoroughfare channels. E) They are voluntary.

In a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary sphincter A) causes more blood flow through thoroughfare channels. B) causes less blood to flow through capillaries. C) occurs when the tissue in the area does not need more oxygen. D) is voluntary. E) occurs when the tissue in the area needs more oxygen.

A direct connection between an arteriole and a venule without an intervening capillary bed is a(an) A) venous sinus. B) arteriovenous anastomosis. C) metarteriole. D) arterial capillary.

What structure helps to regulate body temperature? A) glomus B) tunic C) fenestrae D) metarteriole

Which coat of an artery contains endothelium? A) tunica intima B) tunica media C) tunica adventitia D) tunica elastica E) tunica intermedia

Which of the following functions is associated with vessels that carry blood directly from arterioles to veins without passing through capillaries? A) thermoregulation B) nutrient supply to tissues C) removal of metabolic waste products from tissues D) oxygen supply to tissues E) pH regulation

Arteries can constrict or dilate as needed because of the smooth muscle found in the A) tunica intima. B) tunica media. C) tunica adventitia. D) tunica externa. E) tunica interna.

Which of the following statements concerning blood vessel walls is true? A) The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall. B) The tunica media is found in all blood vessels except veins. C) The tunica adventitia is composed of smooth muscle and endothelium. D) Capillaries have both a tunica intima and a tunica media. E) Vessel diameter is controlled primarily by the tunica intima.

The blood vessels that are under the greatest pressure are the A) arterioles. B) capillaries. C) elastic arteries. D) veins. E) venules.

Which of the following best describes arteries? A) strong, rigid vessels that carry blood under high pressure B) thin, elastic vessels that transport blood under low pressure C) elastic vessels that connect arterioles and venules D) fragile vessels that are prone to rupture. E) strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure

Distributing arteries A) contain a lot of elastic tissue. B) contain a thick tunica media. C) are strong, rigid vessels. D) transport blood from arterioles to capillaries. E) do not contain smooth muscle in their walls.

From the heart to body tissues, which of the following sequences of vessels is correct? A) muscular artery, arteriole, elastic artery, capillary B) arteriole, muscular artery, elastic artery, capillary C) elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, capillary D) elastic artery, arteriole, muscular artery, capillary E) distributing artery, muscular artery, medium artery, capillary

Valves similar to the semilunar valves of the heart are found in medium and large A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

When contrasting arteries and veins, which of the following statements is true? A) Veins have thicker walls than arteries. B) Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins. C) Veins have a tunica media while arteries do not. D) Arteries have valves, but veins do not. E) Arteries have smooth muscle in their walls, but veins do not.

Veins A) carry blood away from the heart. B) carry blood under very high pressure. C) may contain valves and are lined with endothelium. D) are described as strong, rigid vessels that always carry oxygenated blood. E) have thick, many layered walls.

The structure of a capillary wall differs from that of a vein or artery because A) the capillary wall has only two tunics. B) capillaries have more smooth muscle. C) capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane. D) capillaries can constrict or dilate. E) capillaries are impermeable to all substances.

The vasa vasorum A) are incompetent valves in the large veins. B) are special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins. C) are the blood vessels that supply blood to the vas deferens. D) are blood vessels that directly connect arteries to veins. E) supply blood to skeletal muscle.

Which type of veins connect two primary capillary networks? A) portal veins B) venous sinuses C) venules D) vaso vasorum

Sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate blood vessel walls are found primarily in the A) tunica intima. B) tunica media. C) tunica adventitia. D) tunica externa. E) tunica interna.

Arteriosclerosis is characterized by A) a thickening of the tunica adventitia. B) increased elasticity of the tunica media. C) decreased resistance to blood flow. D) an enlargement of the lumen of the vessel. E) thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media.

Atherosclerosis is the A) hypertrophy of the tunica intima. B) stretching of arterial walls. C) inflammation of veins. D) deposition of plaques in arterial walls.

In the pulmonary circulation, the _____ carry blood to the lungs. A) carotid sinuses B) pulmonary arteries C) coronary arteries D) superior vena cava and inferior vena cava E) aorta

Systemic circulation A) carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. B) includes all arteries but the veins are part of the pulmonary circulation pathway. C) includes the aorta and all of its branches. D) ends in capillaries of the toes. E) includes blood flow to the body, but not the brain.

The first blood vessels that branch from the ascending aorta are the A) coronary arteries. B) brachiocephalic arteries. C) common carotid arteries. D) subclavian arteries. E) pulmonary arteries.

Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aortic arch? A) brachiocephalic artery B) coronary artery C) pulmonary artery D) right subclavian artery E) right common carotid artery

A thrombus in the first branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch might affect the flow of blood to which of the following structures? A) right arm B) right side of the brain C) left side of the brain D) left arm E) both the right arm and the right side of the brain

A thrombus in the second branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch would affect the flow of blood to the A) left side of the head and neck. B) myocardium of the heart. C) right side of the head and neck and right upper extremity. D) left upper extremity. E) right arm.

Which of the following arteries is part of a circulatory pathway to the brain? A) radial artery B) cephalic artery C) internal carotid artery D) external jugular vein E) axillary artery

Tracing the blood from the heart to the right hand, blood leaves the heart, passes through the ascending aorta, aortic arch, right subclavian artery, axillary and brachial arteries, either the radial or ulnar arteries and palmar arches to arrive at the hand. Which artery is missing in this sequence? A) cephalic B) jugular C) brachiocephalic D) right common carotid E) left subclavian artery

Which of the following arteries is not part of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)? A) anterior communicating artery B) posterior cerebellar artery C) posterior communicating artery D) anterior cerebral artery E) internal carotid artery

The three major arteries of the upper limb that form a continuum are the A) brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries. B) brachial, axillary, and radial arteries. C) subclavian, axillary, and radial arteries. D) subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries. E) cephalic, basilic, and brachial arteries

Which of the following thoracic organs is supplied by a parietal branch of the thoracic aorta? A) the heart B) the lungs C) the esophagus D) the intercostal muscles E) the thymus gland

Which of the following blood vessels supplies blood to the diaphragm? A) axillary artery B) intercostal artery C) superior phrenic artery D) inferior mesenteric artery E) gastric artery

Which of the following arteries sends branches to the stomach and liver? A) celiac artery B) superior mesenteric artery C) inferior mesenteric artery D) renal artery E) splenic artery

What artery supplies the small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon? A) inferior phrenic artery B) lumbar artery C) superior mesenteric artery D) inferior mesenteric artery

The kidneys are supplied by the A) renal arteries. B) suprarenal arteries. C) lumbar arteries. D) inferior mesenteric arteries.

The abdominal aorta divides at L5 to form the two A) inferior mesenteric arteries. B) common iliac arteries. C) superior mesenteric arteries. D) femoral arteries. E) renal arteries.

The visceral branches of the internal iliac arteries supply blood to the A) external genitalia. B) urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs. C) lower leg. D) anterior abdominal wall. E) lumbar and gluteal muscles.

The posterior tibial artery is a continuation of the A) popliteal artery. B) femoral artery. C) iliac artery. D) peroneal artery. E) fibular artery

The anterior tibial artery becomes the A) posterior tibial artery. B) dorsalis pedis artery. C) femoral artery. D) plantar artery. E) fibular artery.

One of the best ways to determine the adequacy of peripheral circulation is to check the pedal pulses. To check the pedal pulse you would check the pulse in the A) ankle. B) wrist. C) groin. D) neck. E) foot.

An obstruction in the inferior vena cava would hamper the return of blood from the A) head and neck. B) upper extremities. C) lungs. D) abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs. E) heart.

Veins that return blood directly to the heart include the A) brachiocephalic vein. B) superior vena cava. C) portal vein. D) azygos vein. E) pulmonary arteries.

The venous sinuses in the cranial cavity drain blood into the A) cephalic vein. B) internal jugular vein. C) internal carotid vein. D) brachiocephalic vein. E) carotid artery.

The internal jugular veins join the subclavian veins to form the A) superior vena cavae. B) axillary veins. C) brachiocephalic veins. D) azygos veins. E) external jugular veins.

A vein responsible for draining blood from the upper limb is the A) azygos vein. B) portal vein. C) cephalic vein. D) peroneal vein. E) common iliac vein.

Which of the following veins is NOT involved in draining blood from the arm? A) brachial vein B) basilic vein C) cephalic vein D) median cubital vein

Which vessel is often used to draw blood from a patient? A) radial vein B) brachial artery C) median cubital vein D) cephalic vein

Which of the following veins is a superficial vein? A) brachial vein B) basilic vein C) radial vein D) subclavian vein E) ulnar vein

The longest vein in the body is the A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) hepatic portal vein. D) great saphenous vein. E) femoral vein.

Which vein drains blood from the left side of the thorax and esophagus into the left brachiocephalic vein? A) hemiazygos vein B) left azygos vein C) internal thoracic vein D) accessory hemiazygos vein

The azygos vein drains blood from the _____ into the superior vena cava. A) head B) upper arm C) kidneys D) thorax E) abdominal wall

Blood from the posterior abdominal wall drains into the A) hepatic portal vein. B) inferior vena cava. C) ascending lumbar veins. D) mesenteric vein. E) hepatic vein.

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic vein and the A) superior mesenteric vein. B) inferior mesenteric vein. C) hepatic vein. D) renal vein. E) gastric vein.

Which of the following are components of the hepatic portal system? A) azygos vein B) inferior vena cava C) gastric vein D) inferior mesenteric vein E) both the gastric vein and the inferior mesenteric vein

The hepatic portal system A) begins and ends with capillary beds. B) transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver. C) allows the liver to detoxify substances entering the body through the digestive tract. D) has no pumping mechanism between the capillary beds. E) All of these choice are correct.

The _____ begins with capillaries in the abdominal viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver. A) superior mesenteric system B) celiac system C) hepatic portal system D) hepatic vein E) splenic system

Which of the following sequences is correct? A) external iliac vein, internal iliac vein, common iliac vein B) liver sinusoid, central vein, hepatic vein C) superior vena cava, azygos vein, posterior intercostal vein D) fibular vein, femoral vein, popliteal vein E) hepatic vein, hepatic portal system, inferior vena cava

As the popliteal vein ascends the leg, it becomes the A) peroneal vein. B) saphenous vein. C) common iliac vein. D) femoral vein. E) deep femoral vein.

The velocity of blood flow inside a blood vessel A) is equal to the blood pressure. B) is faster in the center of the blood vessel. C) is most rapid at a bend or turn in the vessel. D) increases along the walls of the blood vessel. E) is more rapid along the sides of the vessel.

Which of the following statements about laminar blood flow is true? A) The innermost layer of blood moves at the lowest velocity. B) Laminar blood flow occurs when blood flows past an area of constriction. C) The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow. D) In laminar blood flow, the rapid rate of blood flow exceeds critical velocity. E) It makes lots of different noises.

Blood pressure is the A) product of the stroke volume times heart rate. B) number of layers of blood in laminar flow models. C) measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls. D) viscosity of the blood and resistance to blood flow. E) measure of the volume of the blood.

The auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure A) relies on the insertion of a cannula into the vessel in which pressure is being measured. B) monitors the oscillations in the blood vessel during changes in pressure. C) involves an electronic transducer attached to a mercury manometer. D) relies on hearing Korotkoff sounds through a stethoscope. E) relies on hearing the sounds made by laminar flow of the blood.

A blood pressure reading of 120/80 would A) indicate a diastolic pressure of 120 mm Hg. B) have Korotkoff sounds at pressures above 120 mm Hg. C) indicate a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg. D) indicate a systolic pressure of 80 mm Hg. E) would be considered hypertensive.

When measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer, which of the following best describes when blood flow in the brachial artery is turbulent? A) while the left ventricle is contracting B) when pressure in the blood pressure cuff is greater than systolic but less than the diastolic pressure C) when pressure in the blood pressure cuff is greater than the diastolic pressure D) when pressure in the blood pressure cuff is less than the diastolic pressure E) when pressure in the brachial artery is greater than in the blood pressure cuff and greater than the diastolic pressure

Which of the following would increase resistance to blood flow? A) a decrease in the length of the vessel B) a decrease in the number of red blood cells C) a decrease in blood viscosity D) a decrease in the radius of the vessel E) a decreased hematocrit

Resistance in the cardiovascular system A) tends to increase if blood viscosity increases. B) tends to decrease as the diameter of blood vessels decreases. C) dramatically increases blood flow through the circulatory system. D) is directly related to flow ( R   Flow). E) does not occur. If it did, blood would not circulate in the blood vessels.

According to Poiseuille's law, A) blood flow is not related to resistance. B) pH of the blood influences flow. C) viscosity of the blood is not related to flow. D) if resistance increases, flow increases. E) if resistance increases, flow decreases.

As viscosity of the blood increases, A) the pressure required to force it to flow increases. B) the pressure required to force it to flow decreases. C) the fluid becomes thinner. D) the hematocrit decreases. E) the flow does not change.

According to Poiseuille's law, a small decrease in the diameter of a vessel will A) dramatically decrease blood flow. B) slightly decrease blood flow. C) not affect blood flow. D) slightly increase blood flow. E) dramatically increase blood flow.

When the blood pressure of a vessel drops below the critical closing pressure for that vessel, A) there is hypertension. B) there is an increase in blood flow. C) there is an increase in peripheral resistance. D) the vessel collapses. E) the vessel expands.

According to the Laplace's Law, as the diameter of a blood vessel increases, the force applied to the wall of that vessel A) increases. B) decreases. C) increases, then decreases. D) remains the same. E) None of these choices is correct.

The greater the compliance the A) greater the resistance generated in the vessel. B) more easily the vessel wall stretches. C) longer the blood vessel will measure. D) higher the blood pressure will be. E) less the elasticity of the vessel.

Which type of vessel has the greatest compliance? A) arteries B) veins C) arterioles D) capillaries

Which of the following acts as a storage area for blood? A) the aorta B) the veins C) capillaries D) arterioles E) the arteries

In the aorta, A) the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high. B) the velocity of blood flow is high, but blood pressure is low. C) the resistance to blood flow is high, but velocity of blood flow is low. D) the resistance to blood flow and the blood pressure are both low. E) velocity is diminished because the total cross-sectional area is small.

Resistance to blood flow is greatest in A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) venules. D) veins. E) capillaries.

Capillaries have the slowest velocity because A) the total cross-sectional area is the smallest. B) the resistance is the greatest. C) the total cross-sectional area is the largest. D) their diameters are the smallest.

Arteriosclerosis results in decreased compliance, which in turn causes the pulse pressure to A) increase. B) decrease. C) increase, then decrease. D) decrease, then increase. E) remain the same.

In which type of blood vessels is the blood pressure the lowest? A) capillaries B) arteries C) vena cavas D) veins E) arterioles

If someone has a blood pressure reading of 110/70 mm Hg, their pulse pressure would be A) 110 mm Hg. B) 70 mm Hg. C) 40 mm Hg. D) 180 mm Hg. E) 90 mm Hg.

What creates the pulse? A) the diastole of the ventricles B) ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta C) the compliance of the arteries D) constriction of the arterioles

Which of the following is NOT a major point where the pulse can be monitored? A) common carotid artery B) facial artery C) popliteal artery D) ulnar artery

What is the most important means by which capillary exchange occurs? A) exocytosis B) diffusion C) ATP powered pumps D) facilitated diffusion

When blood pressure is greater than the blood colloid osmotic pressure, there is A) a net movement of fluid into the capillary. B) a net movement of fluid out of the capillary. C) less lymph formed. D) a decrease in the volume of the interstitial fluid. E) a decreased likelihood of edema.

A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is A) blood pressure. B) positive interstitial pressure. C) blood colloid osmotic pressure. D) critical closing pressure. E) lymph pressure.

A force that attracts fluid into the capillary from the tissue spaces is A) blood pressure. B) negative interstitial pressure. C) blood colloid osmotic pressure. D) venous pressure. E) active transport.

Edema can occur when there is A) an increase in the amount of plasma proteins. B) a decrease in capillary permeability to proteins. C) a decrease in blood pressure. D) a blockage of the lymphatics. E) an increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure.

Which of the following is LESS likely to result in edema? A) increase in capillary permeability B) reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure C) blockage of veins D) increased mean arterial pressure E) loss of protein molecules in urine through the kidneys

In which of the following clinical situations would you expect edema? A) shock (which is accompanied by low blood pressure) B) burns (which result in increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins) C) dehydration (which results in low blood pressure) D) vomiting (which leads to a decreased plasma volume) E) diarrhea (which leads to a decreased blood volume)

In capillary exchange, which of the following statements is true? A) Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary. B) Interstitial fluid normally has a higher osmotic pressure than plasma. C) Constriction of the precapillary sphincter will increase blood pressure in the capillary. D) Interstitial protein concentration is normally higher than plasma protein concentration. E) Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary enters the lymphatic system.

Which of the following factors assists in the return of venous blood to the heart? (1) arterial dilation (2) valves in the veins (3) sympathetic stimulation (4) compression of veins by muscular movements A) 1 and 2 B) 1, 2, 3 C) 1, 2, 3, 4 D) 2, 3, 4 E) 1, 3, 4

Increased venous tone will A) relax the veins. B) help return blood to the heart. C) allow blood to pool in the veins. D) stabilize blood velocity in the veins. E) dilate the veins.

Which of the following happens when a person stands in one place for a long period of time? A) Gravity causes an increased accumulation of blood in the veins in the feet and legs. B) Blood pressure rises in the venules of the feet. C) Without muscular movement the pressure at the venous end of the capillaries increases. D) Edema may occur in the lower extremities. E) All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following would lead to relaxation of the precapillary sphincter? A) decreased tissue metabolism B) decreased oxygen levels in tissue cells served by the capillary C) decreased carbon dioxide concentration in the capillary bed D) decreased lactic acid production by cells in the capillary bed E) decreased nitric acid levels

Vasomotor tone can be increased by A) taking a nap. B) emotional excitement. C) soaking in a warm bathtub. D) an increase in body temperature. E) relaxing with a cup of tea.

Which of the following statements regarding regulation of local blood flow is true? A) Increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissue. B) Blood flow through capillaries is continuous. C) Contraction of precapillary sphincters will increase blood flow to a capillary bed. D) Increased levels of carbon dioxide increase the contraction of precapillary sphincters. E) Tissue need for oxygen and amino acids will cause precapillary sphincters to contract.

Which of the following is NOT a vasodilator substance produced in the extracellular fluid? A) ATP B) lactic acid C) ADP D) carbon dioxide

Where is the vasomotor center located? A) pons and medulla oblongata B) pons and midbrain C) cerebrum and medulla oblongata D) medulla oblongata

Which of the following events would cause a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure? A) an increase in ADH production B) release of atrial natriuretic factor C) constriction of blood vessels in the skin D) activation of the renin-angiotensin mechanism E) an increase in aldosterone production

When blood pressure increases, a number of events occur that return blood pressure to normal. Which of the following is one of the events that occurs after an increase in blood pressure? A) Baroreceptors are stimulated. B) Action potential frequency to the cardioregulatory center of brain decreases. C) Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases. D) Heart rate increases. E) An increase in number of action potentials in the cardiac nerve.

Epinephrine A) increases the heart rate but decreases the stroke volume. B) causes vasodilation of coronary blood vessels. C) causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels in skeletal muscle. D) decreases red blood cell count. E) decreases the force of contraction.

When there is a drop in blood pressure, the body reacts immediately by way of the A) baroreceptor mechanism. B) chemoreceptor mechanism. C) CNS ischemic mechanism. D) stress-relaxation mechanism. E) adrenal medullary mechanism.

Baron von Quacko, famous tag-team wrestler, has a famous "sleeper hold" that he uses on his opponents. Using only a single digit on each hand, he presses on his opponent's neck until his opponent passes out. What are the structures on which he is pressing and what is the effect? A) subclavian arteries; blood flow to brain is stopped B) carotid chemoreceptors; blood pressure increases C) baroreceptors in carotid sinus; peripheral vasodilation and decreased heart rate D) vertebral arteries; blood flow to brain is increased E) jugular vein; blood flow back to heart is decreased

Increased pressure in the aortic arch will activate the aortic arch reflex and cause A) a decrease in the frequency of action potentials from the aortic baroreceptors. B) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels increasing the blood pressure. D) increased ADH secretion. E) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart.

When a person rises quickly from a lying position, there is A) an increase in the frequency of action potentials produced by the baroreceptors. B) an increase in vasomotor sympathetic stimulation to the blood vessels causing vasoconstriction. C) reflexive slowing of the heart. D) an increase of parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. E) a decrease in heart rate and stroke volume.

Peripheral chemoreceptors A) are located in the aortic and carotid bodies. B) are sensitive to small changes in oxygen levels in the blood. C) monitor blood pressure. D) are not sensitive to carbon dioxide or hydrogen ion levels. E) are not sensitive to changes in pH of the blood.

The chemoreceptor reflexes help maintain homeostasis A) under normal conditions. B) when carbon dioxide levels increase. C) when stimulated by changes in blood osmotic pressure. D) when epinephrine levels increase. E) when hydrogen ion concentrations decrease.

The central nervous system ischemic response A) is triggered by an increase in blood flow to the vasomotor center. B) plays an important role in controlling blood pressure under emergency conditions. C) is stimulated by a rise in oxygen. D) is inhibited by a rise in the level of hydrogen ions. E) plays an important role in regulating blood pressure under normal conditions.

Which of the following hormones does NOT influence blood pressure? A) ADH B) epinephrine C) atrial natriuretic hormone D) aldosterone E) growth hormone

Which of the following is NOT involved in short-term regulation of blood pressure? A) baroreceptor reflex B) adrenal medullary mechanism C) alteration in blood volume D) chemoreceptor mechanism

Which of the following is NOT a long-term regulator of blood pressure? A) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism B) vasopressin mechanism C) stress-relaxation response D) oxygen tension response

Angiotensin II A) causes vasoconstriction. B) stimulates the adrenal cortex to release ADH. C) is released in response to high blood pressure. D) is responsible for increasing urine output. E) stimulates peripheral vasodilation.

Which of the following would occur as a result of increased renin release by the kidneys? A) an increase in vasodilator secretion B) an increase in urine output C) an increase in blood volume D) a decrease in aldosterone E) a decrease in blood pressure

Which of the following chemical substances, when released into the blood, would cause blood pressure to decrease? A) angiotensin II (active angiotensin) B) aldosterone C) ADH D) vasopressin E) atrial natriuretic hormone

In which of the following would you detect a weak pulse? A) hypertension B) hemorrhagic shock C) fluid excess D) increased stroke volume E) a healthy young person

Hormones from the adrenal medulla A) are released in response to parasympathetic stimulation. B) cause vasodilation in blood vessels of the skin. C) decrease the heart rate. D) cause an increase in stroke volume. E) are released in response to vagal stimulation.

In response to circulatory shock, A) the body decreases ADH secretion. B) the renin-angiotensin mechanism is activated. C) atrial natriuretic factor is released. D) the vasomotor center is inhibited. E) the baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are inactivated.

If a person develops high blood pressure, one of the compensatory mechanisms that comes into play is the fluid shift mechanism. This mechanism causes A) water to shift from inside cells into the extracellular fluid. B) water to shift from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces. C) water to shift from the interstitial space into the capillaries. D) increased filtration in the kidney, thereby increasing urine output. E) water to stay inside the capillaries.

Atrial natriuretic factor A) is released in response to elevated atrial pressure. B) stimulates the release of ADH. C) decreases urine production. D) stimulates release of aldosterone. E) increases blood volume.

Art is 75. He has advanced arteriosclerosis. He is suffering from a number of manifestations, which are consistent with his arteriosclerosis. Over the past several years he has developed hypertension and he is beginning to show signs of renal failure. Which of the following are consistent with his condition? A) increased resistance to blood flow B) increased renin secretion from the kidneys C) increased aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex D) increased angiotensinogen formation E) All of these choices is correct.

Which of the following would occur as a person goes into shock? A) Baroreceptors are stimulated. B) Chemoreceptors are depressed. C) Renin release is inhibited. D) Parasympathetic stimulation is increased. E) Sympathetic stimulation is decreased.

Urine output usually decreases when a person is in shock. This is the result of A) decreased ADH secretion. B) increased renin secretion. C) increased secretion of atrial natriuretic factor. D) decreased vasoconstriction due to the stress relaxation response. E) decreased aldosterone secretion

Compensatory shock is characterized by a narrowed pulse pressure. Which of the following blood pressure readings is an example of a narrowed pulse pressure? A) 99/40 B) 70/20 C) 92/64 D) 82/40 E) 100/50

Use the following key to choose the most correct answer. A. Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. B. Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. C. Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. -(1) systolic pressure; (2) diastolic pressure

Use the following key to choose the most correct answer. A. Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. B. Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. C. Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. -(1) velocity of blood flow in the arterioles; (2) velocity of blood flow in the aorta

Use the following key to choose the most correct answer. A. Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. B. Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. C. Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. -(1) velocity of blood flow when cross-sectional area increases; (2) velocity of blood flow when cross-sectional area decreases

Use the following key to choose the most correct answer. A. Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. B. Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. C. Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. -(1) blood pressure in the aorta; (2) blood pressure in the superior vena cava

Use the following key to choose the most correct answer. A. Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. B. Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. C. Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. -(1) plasma volume when ADH levels increase; (2) plasma volume when ADH levels decrease

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. a bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall B. degenerative changes in arteries C. an overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities D. inflammation of the veins E. small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries -varicose veins

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. a bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall B. degenerative changes in arteries C. an overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities D. inflammation of the veins E. small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries -phlebitis

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. a bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall B. degenerative changes in arteries C. an overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities D. inflammation of the veins E. small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries -arteriosclerosis

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. a bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall B. degenerative changes in arteries C. an overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities D. inflammation of the veins E. small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries -aneurysm

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. a bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall B. degenerative changes in arteries C. an overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities D. inflammation of the veins E. small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries -vasa vasorum

Match the following with the appropriate description. A. formed when the right and left vertebral arteries unite B. supplies blood to the face, nose, and mouth C. terminates by forming the middle cerebral arteries D. supplies blood to the arm and shoulder regions E. sense organs that monitor blood pressure -subclavian artery

Match the following with the appropriate description. A. formed when the right and left vertebral arteries unite B. supplies blood to the face, nose, and mouth C. terminates by forming the middle cerebral arteries D. supplies blood to the arm and shoulder regions E. sense organs that monitor blood pressure -carotid sinuses

Match the following with the appropriate description. A. formed when the right and left vertebral arteries unite B. supplies blood to the face, nose, and mouth C. terminates by forming the middle cerebral arteries D. supplies blood to the arm and shoulder regions E. sense organs that monitor blood pressure -external carotid artery

Match the following with the appropriate description. A. formed when the right and left vertebral arteries unite B. supplies blood to the face, nose, and mouth C. terminates by forming the middle cerebral arteries D. supplies blood to the arm and shoulder regions E. sense organs that monitor blood pressure -internal carotid artery

Match the following with the appropriate description. A. formed when the right and left vertebral arteries unite B. supplies blood to the face, nose, and mouth C. terminates by forming the middle cerebral arteries D. supplies blood to the arm and shoulder regions E. sense organs that monitor blood pressure -basilar artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain B. a circle of arteries at the base of the brain C. supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex D. supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum E. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta -common iliac artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain B. a circle of arteries at the base of the brain C. supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex D. supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum E. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta -posterior cerebral artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain B. a circle of arteries at the base of the brain C. supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex D. supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum E. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta -middle cerebral artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain B. a circle of arteries at the base of the brain C. supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex D. supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum E. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta -cerebral arterial circle

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain B. a circle of arteries at the base of the brain C. supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex D. supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum E. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta -anterior cerebral artery

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. dead tissue B. a floating clot C. sudden decreased blood supply to a part of the brain D. a stationary clot E. a localized area of dead cells resulting from ischemia -stroke

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. dead tissue B. a floating clot C. sudden decreased blood supply to a part of the brain D. a stationary clot E. a localized area of dead cells resulting from ischemia -infarct

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. dead tissue B. a floating clot C. sudden decreased blood supply to a part of the brain D. a stationary clot E. a localized area of dead cells resulting from ischemia -necrotic tissue

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. dead tissue B. a floating clot C. sudden decreased blood supply to a part of the brain D. a stationary clot E. a localized area of dead cells resulting from ischemia -thrombosis

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. dead tissue B. a floating clot C. sudden decreased blood supply to a part of the brain D. a stationary clot E. a localized area of dead cells resulting from ischemia -embolism

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the diaphragm B. supplies blood to the esophagus C. supplies blood to the thoracic wall D. supplies blood to the pancreas and small intestine E. supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and spleen -thoracic visceral artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the diaphragm B. supplies blood to the esophagus C. supplies blood to the thoracic wall D. supplies blood to the pancreas and small intestine E. supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and spleen -thoracic parietal artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the diaphragm B. supplies blood to the esophagus C. supplies blood to the thoracic wall D. supplies blood to the pancreas and small intestine E. supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and spleen -celiac trunk

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the diaphragm B. supplies blood to the esophagus C. supplies blood to the thoracic wall D. supplies blood to the pancreas and small intestine E. supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and spleen -superior mesenteric artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the diaphragm B. supplies blood to the esophagus C. supplies blood to the thoracic wall D. supplies blood to the pancreas and small intestine E. supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and spleen -superior phrenic artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the pelvic area B. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta C. the continuation of the femoral artery D. extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh E. continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh -common iliac artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the pelvic area B. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta C. the continuation of the femoral artery D. extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh E. continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh -external iliac artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the pelvic area B. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta C. the continuation of the femoral artery D. extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh E. continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh -internal iliac artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the pelvic area B. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta C. the continuation of the femoral artery D. extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh E. continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh -femoral artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the pelvic area B. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta C. the continuation of the femoral artery D. extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh E. continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh -popliteal artery

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. drains blood from the arm B. superficial vein of the head and neck C. the posterior intercostals veins join this vein on the right side of the body D. deep vein that drains blood from the cranial vault E. formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins -external jugular vein

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. drains blood from the arm B. superficial vein of the head and neck C. the posterior intercostals veins join this vein on the right side of the body D. deep vein that drains blood from the cranial vault E. formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins -internal jugular vein

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. drains blood from the arm B. superficial vein of the head and neck C. the posterior intercostals veins join this vein on the right side of the body D. deep vein that drains blood from the cranial vault E. formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins -subclavian vein

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. drains blood from the arm B. superficial vein of the head and neck C. the posterior intercostals veins join this vein on the right side of the body D. deep vein that drains blood from the cranial vault E. formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins -brachiocephalic vein

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. drains blood from the arm B. superficial vein of the head and neck C. the posterior intercostals veins join this vein on the right side of the body D. deep vein that drains blood from the cranial vault E. formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins -azygos vein

Match the term with the best description. A. simple squamous epithelium of capillaries B. drain capillary networks C. regulate blood flow into capillaries D. do not have fenestrae E. bypass capillary beds -precapillary sphincters

Match the term with the best description. A. simple squamous epithelium of capillaries B. drain capillary networks C. regulate blood flow into capillaries D. do not have fenestrae E. bypass capillary beds -endothelium

Match the term with the best description. A. simple squamous epithelium of capillaries B. drain capillary networks C. regulate blood flow into capillaries D. do not have fenestrae E. bypass capillary beds -continuous capillaries

Match the term with the best description. A. simple squamous epithelium of capillaries B. drain capillary networks C. regulate blood flow into capillaries D. do not have fenestrae E. bypass capillary beds -thoroughfare channels

Match the term with the best description. A. simple squamous epithelium of capillaries B. drain capillary networks C. regulate blood flow into capillaries D. do not have fenestrae E. bypass capillary beds -venules

Match the term with the best description. A. arteriosclerosis B. produced by turbulent blood flow C. blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance D. as pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse E. a characteristic of the venous system -Korotkoff sounds

Match the term with the best description. A. arteriosclerosis B. produced by turbulent blood flow C. blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance D. as pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse E. a characteristic of the venous system -Poiseuille's Law

Match the term with the best description. A. arteriosclerosis B. produced by turbulent blood flow C. blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance D. as pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse E. a characteristic of the venous system -Laplace's Law

Match the term with the best description. A. arteriosclerosis B. produced by turbulent blood flow C. blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance D. as pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse E. a characteristic of the venous system -vascular compliance

Match the term with the best description. A. arteriosclerosis B. produced by turbulent blood flow C. blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance D. as pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse E. a characteristic of the venous system -a characteristic of aging arteries

Most of the exchange of nutrients and waste products that occurs between the blood and interstitial spaces occurs across the walls of the _______.

The innermost layer of a blood vessel wall is the tunica _______.

The _______ arteries branch from the ascending aorta.

The pelvic area is supplied with blood from the _______ arteries.

_______ _________ is a measure of the force exerted by blood against the blood vessel walls.

The viscosity of blood is influenced largely by __________, which is the percentage of the total blood volume composed of red blood cells.

The maintenance of blood flow by tissues is called _______.

Fill in the missing blood vessel. abdominal aorta; _____________; splenic artery

Fill in the missing blood vessel. hepatic vein; _____________; right atrium

Fill in the missing blood vessel. ext. jugular vein; _____________; superior vena cava

Fill in the missing blood vessel. femoral artery; _____________; posterior tibial artery

Fill in the missing blood vessel. aortic arch; _____________; left axillary artery

Fill in the missing blood vessel. innominate artery; _____________; right external carotid artery

Fill in the missing blood vessel. vertebral artery; _____________; posterior cerebral artery

All of the following are functions of the circulatory system, except A) carries blood. B) regulates blood pressure. C) transports nutrients. D) directs blood flow to tissues. E) excretes wastes.

Select the answer that is not true when comparing veins and arteries of the same diameter. A) Veins have thinner walls. B) Veins have valves. C) Veins have fewer smooth muscle fibers. D) Veins have a larger lumen. E) Veins have more elastic tissue.

The largest fenestrae are seen in _____ capillaries while the smallest fenestrae are seen in ____ capillaries. A) fenestrated; sinusoidal B) continuous; sinusoidal C) continuous; fenestrated D) sinusoidal; continuous E) sinusoidal; fenestrated

During exchange at the capillaries, what can cross the endothelial cells, diffusing through the plasma membranes? A) Proteins B) Large water-soluble substances C) Hormones D) Red blood cells E) Lipid-soluble substances

What are vasa vasorum? A) Blood vessels that connect primary and secondary capillary networks. B) Structures within veins that keep blood flowing in one direction. C) Connective tissue that surrounds large vessels. D) Nerve plexuses surrounding the blood vessel. E) Blood vessels that nourish the tunica adventitia and tunica media.

Vasoconstriction is caused by ______ stimulation of vascular smooth muscle; ______ stimulation of vascular smooth muscle causes vasodilation. A) decreased; increased B) parasympathetic; sympathetic C) sympathetic; increased D) parasympathetic; decreased E) sympathetic; parasympathetic

Hardening of the arteries results in _______ and deposition of plaques in the walls of the arteries results in ______. A) atherosclerosis; arteriosclerosis B) atherosclerosis; phlebitis C) phlebitis; atherosclerosis D) phlebitis; arteriosclerosis E) arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis

Select the description below that describes pulmonary circulation. A) System of blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the right atrium of the heart. B) System of blood vessels that a carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. C) Finely dissected blood vessels that allow for the exchange of nutrients in the tissues. D) System of blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart.

What do the left common carotid, brachiocephalic artery and left subclavian all have in common? A) The all are found in the abdominal cavity B) They all carry blood to the head. C) They are coronary vessels. D) What do the left common carotid, brachiocephalic artery and left subclavian all have in common?

The vertebral arteries arise from the ________. A) thyrocervical arteries B) right and left common carotid arteries C) costocervical arteries D) right and left subclavian arteries

Blood flow into the deep and superficial palmar arches originates from the ______ and ____ arteries. A) humeral circumflex; deep brachial B) superficial palmar arch; digital C) brachial; subclavian D) axillary; subclavian E) radial; ulnar

The three unpaired arteries arising from the abdominal aorta are the ___________. A) renal artery, hepatic artery, common iliac artery B) lumbar artery, celiac trunk, gonadal artery C) hepatic artery, lumbar artery, common iliac artery D) superior mesenteric artery , inferior mesenteric artery, gonadal artery E) celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

The major types of veins are ____________, ____________, and ______. A) superficial veins, sinuses, and anastomoses B) anastomoses, trunks, and sinuses C) superficial veins, deep veins, and anastomoses D) deep veins, trunks, and sinuses E) superficial veins, deep veins, and sinuses

The superficial vessels typically seen in the hand and forearm are tributaries of the _____ and _____ veins. A) subclavian; axillary B) axillary; brachial C) brachial; cephalic D) basilica; brachial E) cephalic; basilic

The ______ vein connects the basilic vein and cephalic vein. A) axillary B) subclavian C) brachial D) median antebrachial E) median cubital

Venous drainage from the posterior thoracic wall enters the superior vena cava via the ______ vein. A) subclavian B) internal thoracic C) accessory hemiazygos D) hemiazygos E) azygos

Why does nutrient-rich blood of the hepatic portal vein pass first through the liver before this blood is returned to the heart? A) To allow the liver to add more wastes to the blood B) The liver needs more nourishment than other tissues; hence nutrients first pass through the liver C) To allow the liver to add more nutrients to the blood D) To allow the liver to store or modify the nutrients

The vein that ascends along the medial side of the lower limb to the femoral vein is the ____ saphenous vein and the vein that ascends along the posterior aspect of the leg to the popliteal vein is the _____ saphenous vein. A) small; great B) internal; external C) external; internal D) great; small

How would you describe the streamlined movement of blood through a vessel? A) Turbulent flow B) Mercurial flow C) Blood viscosity D) Blood pressure E) Laminar flow

When vasodilation doubles the vessel diameter, what is the change in resistance? A) Reduced by half B) Doubles (twice the original value) C) Reduced by 1/4th of the original value D) Reduced to 1/16th of the original value

Describe the critical closing pressure. A) The pressure needed to cause Korotkoff sounds. B) The pressure exerted on the aorta during the cardiac cycle. C) The pressure found in large veins of the leg. D) The pressure below which a vessel collapses.

The relationship between the force holding open a vessel and the vessels diameter (Force = diameter x pressure; or F = D x P) is called: A) Poiseuille's law B) Korotkoff's law C) Henry's Law D) Boyle's law E) Laplace's law

The greatest resistance to blood flow and therefore the greatest drop in pressure occurs as blood passes through the ______. A) venules B) large arteries C) large veins D) arterioles

Describe the relationship between pulse pressure, aging and compliance. A) With increasing age, compliance increases and pulse pressure increases. B) With increasing age, compliance decreases and pulse pressure decreases. C) With increasing age, compliance decreases and pulse pressure is unaffected. D) With increasing age, compliance decreases and pulse pressure increases.

All of these will easily diffuse across the plasma membrane EXCEPT: A) oxygen B) carbon dioxide C) steroid hormone D) glucose

Explain the drop in blood pressure that occurs when one goes from lying down to standing up. A) The heart rate decreases. This is due to the baroreceptor reflex reducing sympathetic output to the SA node. B) An increase in afterload causes a drop in stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure. C) An increase in preload causes a drop in stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure. D) Venous compliance allows blood to pool in the legs, decreasing venous return. This causes a drop in cardiac output and blood pressure.

All of the following can serve as vasodilators, except A) Lactic acid B) AMP C) EDRF D) Carbon dioxide E) Oxygen

The vasomotor center ______. A) regulates the expansion of elastic arteries B) controls the contraction and relaxation of precapillary sphincter muscles C) increases the strength of heart muscle contraction under low oxygen conditions D) sends low frequency action potentials to blood vessels to maintain tone

When baroreceptors sense a drop in blood pressure, the vasomotor center responds by: A) suppressing cardiac function B) reducing vasomotor tone C) triggering peripheral vasodilation D) triggering peripheral vasoconstriction

All of the following describe the actions of the adrenal medullary mechanism, except. A) Responds in the short-term B) Is rapid-acting C) Responds within seconds D) Is usually active for months