Quiz 28: Reproductive System

Which function of the reproductive system is solely a function of the female reproductive system? A) production of reproductive hormones B) fertilization C) production of gametes D) development and nourishment of a new individual

What are the female gametes? A) oocytes B) ovaries C) sperm D) uterus

The location of the testes and epididymides in the scrotum A) allows more room for other organs in the abdominal cavity. B) keeps these organs close to the penis. C) provides a temperature that is suitable for normal sperm development. D) keeps them isolated from the accessory glands of the system. E) helps to protect them.

Contraction of the cremaster and dartos muscles A) causes the epididymis to shrink. B) increases during exercise. C) pull the testes closer to the body. D) is responsible for ejaculation. E) causes the penis to become erect.

Optimum temperature for sperm production is 3 degrees cooler than body temperature. In which of the following locations would the testes produce the most sperm? A) scrotal sac B) pelvic cavity C) abdominal cavity D) vas deferens E) inguinal canal

Which of the following structures is located within the perineum? A) dartos B) seminal vesicles C) femoral triangle D) urogenital triangle E) navel

Sperm are produced in the A) rete testis. B) efferent ductules. C) seminiferous tubules. D) interstitial cells. E) vas deferens.

The thick white capsule that covers each testes is called the A) raphe. B) tunica adventitia. C) tunica albuginea. D) Leydig capsule. E) tunica alba.

Which of the following hormones is produced by the testis? A) testosterone B) interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) D) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

The interstitial cells or Leydig cells A) produce sperm. B) form the wall of the rete testis. C) cover the testis with a white tunic. D) secrete seminal fluid. E) secrete testosterone.

The opening in the abdominal wall through which the testes descend is the A) spermatic cord. B) gubernaculum. C) inguinal canal. D) process vaginalis. E) perineal opening.

Male infants can be born with an undescended testis. This means that the testis A) lacks hormonal cells. B) covers the top of the scrotum. C) has lost its blood supply. D) remains in the abdominopelvic cavity. E) has not properly formed.

The sustentacular cells A) mature to form sperm cells. B) produce testosterone. C) provide nourishment for development of sperm. D) cover and protect most of the testes. E) produce seminal fluid.

The blood-testis barrier A) feeds sustentacular cells. B) keeps blood from engorging the testis. C) is formed by the primary spermatocytes. D) isolates sperm cells from the immune system. E) nourishes the developing spermatozoa.

Which of the following substances found in sustentacular cells may be the active hormones that promote sperm cell formation? A) IgA and IgG B) sustentaculum and gubernaculum C) dihydrotestosterone and estrogen D) androgen-binding protein and testosterone E) estrogen and progesterone

Which of the following cell types is formed at the end of the first meiotic division? A) spermatid B) spermatogonia C) primary spermatocyte D) secondary spermatocyte E) spermatozoa

Which of the following cell types is diploid? A) spermatid B) mature sperm C) primary spermatocyte D) secondary spermatocyte E) spermatozoa

What process converts a spermatid to a mature sperm cell? A) spermatogenesis B) cryptorchidism C) gubernaculum D) spermiogenesis

What structure contains enzymes needed by a sperm to penetrate an oocyte? A) acrosome B) gubernaculum C) sustentacular cells D) androgen-binding protein

Which of the following structures would be found in the spermatic cord? A) epididymis B) ductus deferens C) seminal vesicle D) ejaculatory duct E) interstitial cells

Which portion of the sperm cell is most involved with penetration of the female sex cell? A) nucleus B) acrosome C) midpiece D) tail E) centriole

Sperm are produced in the _____ and complete maturation in the _____. A) epididymis; testes B) ductus deferens; epididymis C) seminiferous tubules; prostate gland D) seminiferous tubules; epididymis E) seminiferous tubules; vas deferens

A primary spermatocyte is a diploid cell that gives rise to two secondary spermatocytes after the first meiotic division. The primary spermatocyte has A) 92 chromosomes. B) 46 chromosomes. C) 23 chromosomes. D) 13 chromosomes. E) no chromosomes.

Which of the following is mismatched? A) ductus deferens - vas deferens B) epididymis - site of sperm maturation C) spermatic cord - passes through inguinal canal D) stereocilia - forms sperm tails E) midpiece - mitochondria

Smooth muscle contractions help to propel sperm in the A) rete testis. B) ductus deferens. C) seminal receptacle. D) seminiferous tubule. E) ejaculatory duct.

The duct from the seminal vesicle joins the ductus deferens to form the A) prostatic urethra. B) epididymis. C) sperm cord. D) ejaculatory duct. E) spongy urethra.

Arrange the following structures in the order sperm would pass through them from the seminiferous tubules to the urethra. (1) ductus deferens (vas deferens) (2) efferent ductules (3) epididymis (4) ejaculatory duct (5) rete testis A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4 B) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5 C) 3, 4, 2, 1, 5 D) 5, 2, 4, 3, 1 E) 5, 2, 3, 1, 4

The ductus deferens A) stores sperm until ejaculation. B) travels through the bladder. C) ascends the abdominal cavity along the posterior side of the kidney. D) passes through the inguinal canal and enters the pelvic cavity. E) passes just beneath the skin to the penis.

The male urethra A) has numerous mucous-secreting glands. B) extends through the length of the penis. C) is lined with ciliated cuboidal epithelium. D) extends from the prostate gland to the ductus deferens. E) is shorter than the female urethra.

In males, both urine and male reproductive fluids travel through the A) ureter. B) urethra. C) epididymis. D) spermatic cord. E) ductus deferens.

The longest portion of the male urethra is the A) prostatic urethra. B) membranous urethra. C) spongy urethra. D) ductile urethra. E) glans penal urethra.

The penis consists of _____ columns of erectile tissue. A) two B) three C) four D) five E) six

Which of the following is mismatched? A) prepuce - skin that covers the glans penis B) corpora cavernosa - forms the foreskin C) glans penis - contains external urethral opening D) corpus spongiosum - expands to form the glans penis E) membranous urethra - between prostatic and spongy urethra

Circumcision is the surgical removal of the A) prepuce. B) crus penis. C) glans penis. D) corpora cavernosa. E) bulb of penis.

Erection of the penis occurs when A) the pubic bones move together. B) the bulbourethral muscles contract. C) lymphatic fluid accumulates in the glans penis. D) penile erectile tissue becomes engorged with blood. E) smooth muscle contraction occurs in ductus deferens.

The spongy urethra is surrounded by the A) corpus cavernosum. B) prostate gland. C) corpus spongiosum. D) bulbourethral glands.

Which of the following statements is false? A) The seminal vesicles open into the membranous urethra. B) The prostate gland surrounds the prostatic urethra and ejaculatory ducts. C) The bulbourethral glands enter the spongy urethra at the base of the penis. D) The prostate gland contains smooth muscle partitions covered with columnar epithelium. E) The seminal vesicles are sac-shaped glands located next to the ampullae of the ductus deferentia.

The accessory glands located near the membranous urethra are the A) seminal vesicles. B) inguinal glands. C) bulbourethral glands. D) seminal receptacles. E) penal glands.

Semen is A) produced solely by the testis. B) a vaginal secretion needed to activate sperm. C) sperm cells plus the secretions of accessory glands. D) responsible for engorgement of erectile tissue of the penis. E) is composed only of sperm cells.

Most of the seminal fluid is produced A) by the testes. B) by the seminal vesicles. C) by the prostate gland. D) by the bulbourethral glands. E) by the ejaculatory duct.

Discharge of semen into the prostatic urethra is called A) erection. B) emission. C) ejaculation. D) ovulation. E) ejection.

The forceful expulsion of semen from the urethra caused by contraction of smooth muscle in the urethra and skeletal muscle surrounding the base of the penis is called A) ejaculation. B) neutralization. C) physiological contracture. D) emission. E) orgasm.

Which of the following glands is correctly matched with its function? A) seminal vesicles - provide nutrients for sperm B) prostate - lubricates the penis during intercourse C) bulbourethral glands - produce a thin, sweet fluid D) testes - produce most of the semen E) prostate - contributes most of the fluid

Given the following glands, choose the arrangement that represents the order in which the glands release their secretions to form semen. (1) prostate gland (2) bulbourethral glands (3) seminal vesicles A) 1, 2, 3 B) 2, 1, 3 C) 3, 1, 2 D) 3, 2, 1 E) 2, 3, 2

Which of the following substances found in semen is mismatched with its function? A) fructose - nourishes sperm B) mucous - lubricates urethra C) fibrinogen - transient coagulation of semen D) prostaglandins - cause urethral contractions E) prostaglandins - cause uterine contractions

Which of the following substances are found in the secretions of the prostate gland? A) mucous and fibrinogen B) fructose and mucous C) fibrinolysin and clotting factors D) prostaglandins and sperm E) acid and mucous

The secretions produced by the prostate gland A) are acidic. B) contain fructose. C) contain mucous. D) constitute about 30% of the semen. E) constitute about 90% of the semen.

A blood test for the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is useful in the diagnosis of A) prostatitis. B) prostatic atrophy. C) prostatic cancer. D) prostatic infection. E) urinary tract infection.

A pituitary tumor interferes with FSH secretion. How would this effect a male? A) He would develop a feminine body contour. B) He would not produce sperm. C) He would have an erection. D) There would be no effect as FSH is found only in females. E) He would produce too many sperm.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) binds to interstitial (Leydig) cells and A) inhibits sustentacular cells. B) promotes sperm cell production by the interstitial cells. C) decreases testosterone production by the interstitial cells. D) stimulates GnRH levels to increase in the testes. E) increases testosterone production by the interstitial cells.

A lack of testosterone production before birth would A) inhibit normal development of male reproductive structures. B) inhibit anterior pituitary secretions. C) inhibit hypothalamus development. D) inhibit FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary. E) have no effect.

Once GnRH is released from the hypothalamus and enters the hypothalamohypophysial portal system, A) testosterone is released from the anterior pituitary. B) the interstitial cells produce inhibin. C) estrogen production increases. D) FSH and LH secretion will occur. E) it will inhibit FSH and LH secretion.

Which of the following hormones stimulates the synthesis of testosterone by the fetal testes? A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) D) luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) E) estrogen

What is the active hormone in target tissues of testosterone such as the penis? A) testosterone B) FSH C) ICSH D) dihydrotestosterone

The major factor controlling the onset of puberty in males is A) a decrease in GnRH levels. B) the production of testosterone by the testes. C) the ability of the pituitary to secrete FSH and LH. D) the hypothalamus becoming less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of androgens. E) None of these choices is correct.

Which of the following statements concerning testosterone is true? A) It prevents hair loss in pattern baldness. B) It promotes atrophy of the larynx. C) It can lead to an increase in muscle mass. D) It causes the skin and hair to soften. E) It decreases metabolic rate in males.

Which of the following effects on the body can NOT be attributed to testosterone? A) enlargement of male genitalia B) growth of pubic, axillary, and facial hair C) hypertrophy of the larynx D) increased calcium excretion E) rapid bone growth

Which of the following hormones would decrease if an adult male were castrated (testes removed)? A) GnRH B) FSH C) LH D) testosterone E) ADH

Following ejaculation, a phase called resolution occurs. During resolution A) a second ejaculation occurs. B) a feeling of satisfaction occurs. C) erection of the penis is maintained. D) sperm production increases. E) orgasm occurs.

Erection and ejaculation can be initiated by A) manual stimulation of the penis. B) contraction of smooth muscle. C) impulses from the cerebellum. D) increased blood levels of testosterone. E) increased levels of LH and FSH.

Which of the following events occurs in an erection? A) vasoconstriction of arteries leading to erectile tissue of penis B) engorgement of erectile tissue of penis with blood C) dilation of venules leading from erectile tissue of penis D) relaxation of internal sphincter of urinary bladder E) decrease of blood flow to the penis

Impotence occurs when A) the erectile tissues of the penis fill with blood. B) semen accumulates in the urethra. C) an erection cannot be achieved or maintained. D) semen moves out of the urethra. E) sperm cell production decreases.

Arrange the following events in the correct sequence: (1) ejaculation (2) emission (3) erection A) 1, 2, 3 B) 3, 1, 2 C) 3, 2, 1 D) 1, 3, 2 E) 2, 3, 1

Arrange the following events in correct sequence: (1) inflation and rigidity of erectile tissue (2) arteries supplying blood to erectile tissue dilate (3) blood fills erectile tissue sinusoids and compresses veins A) 1, 2, 3 B) 2, 3, 1 C) 3, 2, 1 D) 2, 1, 3 E) 1, 3, 2

Which of the following events in the male sex act occurs last and results in ejaculation? A) peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens B) contractions of skeletal muscle at the base of the penis C) constriction of the internal sphincter of the urinary bladder D) release of secretions from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland E) semen accumulates in the prostatic urethra

What is the role of NO (nitric oxide) in the male sex act? A) dilation of blood vessels in the penis B) activation of a G protein C) secretion of mucous D) contraction of somatic muscles of the urogenital diaphragm

The ovaries and uterus are held in position within the pelvis by bands of tissue called A) follicles. B) muscles. C) endometrium. D) ligaments. E) tendons.

The ovary is attached to the superior margin of the uterus by the A) mesovarium. B) broad ligament. C) ovarian ligament. D) suspensory ligament. E) round ligament.

The ovary is surrounded by a capsule of fibrous connective tissue called the A) mesovarium. B) tunica albuginea. C) peritoneum. D) medulla. E) tunica alba.

Of the two million primary oocytes in the ovaries at birth, only about _____ are ovulated. A) 40 B) 400 C) 2,000 D) 4,000 E) 400,000

A primary oocyte with a single layer of granulosa cells is most appropriately called A) a primordial follicle. B) a secondary follicle. C) a mature follicle. D) the corpus luteum. E) a graafian follicle.

A primary follicle contains A) vesicles. B) an antrum. C) several layers of granulosa cells. D) a mature egg. E) the theca.

As a secondary follicle enlarges, A) the granulosa cells are replaced with fluid. B) the secondary oocyte divides by mitosis. C) a theca or capsule is formed around it. D) the zona pellucida becomes thinner. E) the fluid within it is reduced.

In a mature follicle, the oocyte lies in a mass of follicular cells called the A) theca interna. B) zona pellucida. C) granulosa. D) cumulus mass. E) theca externa.

A follicle containing a secondary oocyte and a single fluid-filled antrum is called a _____ follicle. A) primary B) Graafian or mature C) secondary D) primordial E) tertiary

The release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary is called A) ovulation. B) fertilization. C) sporulation. D) implantation. E) oocyte release.

Which of the following is produced in the ovary and then leaves the ovary? A) testosterone B) corpus luteum C) secondary oocyte D) FSH E) menstrual blood

The secondary oocyte completes the second meiotic division when A) the mature follicle ruptures. B) it is penetrated by a sperm cell. C) it is implanted in the uterus. D) it receives both estrogen and progesterone. E) ovulation occurs.

Fertilization occurs when the A) oocyte ruptures from the ovary. B) oocyte is implanted in the uterus. C) sperm head enters the zygote. D) nuclei of the secondary oocyte and the sperm cell unite. E) sperm enter vagina.

"Zygote" is the term used to describe the A) Graafian oocyte. B) primary oocyte. C) secondary oocyte. D) fertilized oocyte. E) sperm just before fertilization.

Follicles in the ovary that are never ovulated A) undergo atresia. B) become the corpus albicans. C) form secondary follicles. D) undergo and complete meiosis in the ovary. E) proliferate.

The corpus luteum is a gland that A) forms from a mature follicle after ovulation. B) secretes progesterone. C) degenerates into a zygote if pregnancy does not occur. D) releases the secondary oocyte. E) forms from a mature follicle after ovulation and secretes mainly progesterone.

Which of the following follicular stages is the last to appear? A) corpus albicans B) corpus luteum C) primary follicle D) mature follicle E) Graafian follicle

Which of the following statements concerning the uterus is true? A) The inferior portion is the cervix. B) The isthmus separates the body and the fundus. C) The fundus forms the major portion of this organ. D) The uterine wall is composed of four layers. E) The cervical canal is in the superior portion of the uterus.

Trace the pathway of an egg as it passes through the uterine tube. (1) ampulla (2) fimbriae (3) infundibulum (4) isthmus A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 2, 4, 1, 3 C) 3, 4, 1, 2 D) 2, 3, 1, 4 E) 3, 1, 2, 4

A Pap test is used to detect A) pregnancy. B) the time of ovulation. C) cervical cancer. D) a prolapsed uterus. E) ovarian cancer.

The cervix is a portion of the A) vagina. B) external genitalia. C) oviduct. D) uterine tube. E) uterus.

Which of the following statements concerning the uterine tube is true? A) The outer layer of the tube is formed by the ampulla. B) The oocyte is moved along the tube by peristaltic contractions of the muscular layer. C) The opening of the uterine tube is the mesosalpinx. D) The portion of the uterine tube closest to the uterus is the infundibulum. E) Fimbria are associated with the lining of the tube.

The layer of the uterine wall that is shed during menstruation is the A) perimetrium. B) myometrium. C) hymen. D) endometrium. E) vasometrium.

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? A) broad ligaments - help support the uterus B) cervix - lined with rugae C) basal layer - layer of endometrium closest to uterine cavity D) perimetrium - muscular coat of uterus E) endometrium - connective tissue layer

Which of the following is a function of the vagina? A) oocyte production B) reception of penis during intercourse C) site of fertilization D) production of estrogen E) female hormone secretion

Which of the following portions of the vulva is most superior? A) clitoris B) mons pubis C) vestibule D) labia majora E) labia minora

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) clitoris - erectile tissue B) labia minora - unite anteriorly to form the prepuce C) vestibular glands - maintain moistness of vestibule D) mons pubis - vaginal orifice E) pudendal cleft - space between labia majora

Both the vagina and the urethra open into a space called the A) urogenital sinus. B) pudendal cleft. C) vestibule. D) prepuce. E) mons pubis.

The secretory sacs of the mammary glands are known as the A) follicles. B) alveoli. C) lactiferous ducts. D) areolar glands. E) vesicles.

Frequently during childbirth, an episiotomy is performed. In this procedure the _____ is cut. A) vagina B) perineum C) labia majora D) labia minora E) mons pubis

Which of the following statements concerning the female mammary glands is true? A) They are modified sweat glands. B) They are the organs of milk production. C) They may contain large amounts of adipose tissue. D) They are attached to the pectoralis major muscle by Cooper ligaments. E) All of these choices are correct.

Puberty in a female is characterized by A) adipose tissue deposition in the breasts and around the hips. B) increased muscle mass, especially in the hips. C) growth of facial hair. D) closure of the uterine tubes. E) growth of chest hair.

Menarche refers to A) monthly ovulation. B) enlargement of the breasts. C) an increase in the sexual drive. D) the first episode of menstrual bleeding. E) the end of the menstrual cycle.

The average menstrual cycle is about ____ days long; ovulation occurs on about day ____. A) 30; 24 B) 28; 14 C) 24; 14 D) 20; 10 E) 32; 16

The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by A) ovulation. B) rapid development of ovarian follicles. C) formation of the corpus luteum. D) high progesterone levels. E) maturation of and secretion by uterine glands.

The menstrual cycle can be divided into three continuous phases. Starting from the first day of the cycle, their consecutive order is A) menses, proliferative, secretory. B) menses, secretory, proliferative. C) secretory, menses, proliferative. D) proliferative, menses, secretory. E) secretory, proliferative, menses.

One hormone responsible for initiating the development of follicles is A) HCG. B) progesterone. C) FSH. D) estrogen. E) LH.

The LH surge initiates A) menses. B) ovulation. C) fertilization. D) the second trimester of pregnancy. E) follicle development.

Which of the following events in the menstrual cycle occur at the same time? A) maximal LH secretion and menstruation (menstrual flow) B) early follicular development in the ovaries and maximum thickening of the uterus C) ovulation and menstruation (menstrual flow) D) uterine wall begins to thicken and increased estrogen production by the follicles E) proliferation and secretion

Shortly after ovulation, A) the granulosa cells become corpus luteum cells. B) estrogen increases but progesterone decreases. C) the level of LH rises even more than before ovulation. D) GnRH receptors upregulate. E) corpus luteum degenerates.

The hypothalamic hormone that regulates both male and female reproductive cycles is A) FSH. B) ICSH. C) GnRH. D) LH. E) oxytocin.

Which of the following events is caused by LH? A) stimulation of theca interna cells to produce androgens B) stimulation of granulosa cells to convert androgens to estradiol C) increase LH receptors in granulosa cells D) menses E) oxytocin is released

FSH A) stimulates theca interna cells to produce androgens. B) primarily effects granulosa cells. C) increases progesterone production. D) inhibits LH. E) stimulates the uterus.

FSH can make the follicle cells more sensitive to LH by increasing A) GnRH production. B) GnRH receptors. C) LH receptors. D) theca cells. E) estrogen receptors.

The androgens produced by the theca interna cells are converted to estrogen by A) corpus luteal cells. B) FSH. C) granulosa cells. D) GnRH. E) primary oocyte.

The gradual increase in estrogen secretion during the follicular phase is the result of A) declining FSH levels. B) granulosa cells converting androgens to estrogen. C) positive feedback on the anterior pituitary. D) an LH surge. E) luteal development.

Which of the listed events occurs last? A) GnRH secretion is stimulated. B) FSH/LH positive-feedback loops produce a series of FSH/LH surges. C) Ovulation occurs. D) Estrogen produced by theca interna cells increases. E) FSH and LH levels increase.

The hormone hCG is necessary to A) form the corpus luteum. B) cause the endometrium to proliferate. C) stimulate primary oocytes to divide. D) keep the corpus luteum from degenerating. E) destroy the corpus luteum.

Which of the following events happens after ovulation? A) Progesterone production by follicles declines. B) A negative feedback effect on GnRH. C) LH and FSH levels continue to increase. D) GnRH receptors upregulate. E) A positive feedback effect on GnRH.

Progesterone A) increases fallopian tube motility. B) causes uterine muscle contractions. C) causes ovulation. D) causes cellular hypertrophy in the endometrium. E) causes cellular degeneration in the endometrium.

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, you would normally expect A) that the endometrium is just beginning development. B) to find a follicle that is ready to ovulate. C) the highest levels of progesterone that occur during the menstrual cycle. D) the spiral glands to first appear. E) the lowest levels of progesterone.

Normally, menstruation occurs when A) blood levels of estrogen increase and progesterone levels decrease rapidly. B) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase rapidly. C) blood levels of FSH decrease rapidly. D) the corpus luteum secretes estrogen. E) blood levels of both female hormones decrease rapidly.

Menstrual cramps are most commonly caused by A) increased FSH levels. B) increased estrogen secretion by the ovary. C) increased prostaglandin secretions. D) increased HCG hormone release. E) a decreased inflammatory response in the endometrium.

Which of the following statements is false? A) Estrogen causes endometrial cells to proliferate. B) After ovulation, the endometrium becomes thicker. C) Rising progesterone levels cause the myometrium to contract. D) The uterine cycle makes the endometrium a hospitable environment for implantation. E) The endometrium receives the trophoblast.

During the female sex act, A) the clitoris becomes engorged with blood. B) vaginal mucoid secretions are reduced. C) vaginal, uterine, and perineal muscles relax. D) an orgasm always occurs to insure fertilization. E) an orgasm always occurs.

Sexual drive in females A) is dependent on hormones. B) can be affected by psychological factors. C) is influenced by androgens that affect the hypothalamus. D) is dependent on hormones, can be affected by psychological factors, and is influenced by androgens that affect the hypothalamus. E) None of these choices is correct.

Assume a couple has just completed intercourse and sperm have been deposited in the woman's reproductive tract. Trace the pathway of the sperm through the female reproductive tract to the point where fertilization will most likely occur. (1) cervix (2) fallopian tubes (3) cavity of uterus (4) vagina A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 4, 1, 3, 2 C) 4, 3, 1, 2 D) 4, 3, 2, 1 E) 1, 3, 2, 4

The ovum is viable for _____ hours following ovulation. A) 8 B) 12 C) 24 D) 36 E) 48

Spermatozoa may remain viable in the female reproductive tract for as long as A) 24 hours. B) 48 hours. C) 72 hours. D) 96 hours. E) 144 hours.

Fertilization can only occur A) if orgasms occur in both the male and female. B) when a sperm cell penetrates a secondary oocyte. C) when there is no menstrual flow. D) after oxytocin is released from the hypothalamus. E) on day 14 of the cycle.

Fertilization usually occurs in the _____ while fetal development occurs in the _____. A) uterus, vagina B) uterine tube, uterus C) uterine tube, fimbriae D) vagina, uterus E) ovary, uterus

The corpus luteum A) degenerates into the corpus albicans if pregnancy does not occur. B) is absolutely necessary during the first three months of pregnancy. C) produces mostly progesterone, but also some estrogen. D) degenerates into the corpus albicans if pregnancy does not occur and produces mostly progesterone, but also some estrogen. E) degenerates into the corpus alibicans if pregnancy does not occur, is absolutely necessary during the first three months of pregnancy, and produces mostly progesterone, but also some estrogen.

The placenta produces both A) estrogen and progesterone. B) progesterone and prolactin. C) prolactin and FSH. D) androgens and estrogens. E) oxytocin and prolactin.

Which of the following hormones is detected by over-the-counter pregnancy kits? A) progesterone B) estrogen C) prolactin D) human chorionic gonadotropin E) oxytocin

Implantation A) occurs prior to fertilization. B) normally occurs in the uterus. C) assists sperm motility in the uterus. D) occurs in the vagina. E) occurs in the cervix.

In an ectopic pregnancy, A) no fertilization occurs. B) implantation does not occur in the uterus. C) a fetus never develops. D) no placenta forms. E) implantation occurs in the uterus.

The female climacteric refers to the A) cessation of menstruation. B) time from the onset of irregular menstrual cycles to cessation of those cycles. C) decrease in the sexual drive. D) inability to have sexual intercourse. E) PMS.

Hot flashes during the climacteric are thought to be the result of decreased _____ levels. A) LH B) FSH C) estrogen and progesterone D) progesterone E) oxytocin

The contraceptive method in which the penis is removed from the vagina just before ejaculation is called A) abstinence. B) rhythm method. C) coitus interruptus. D) douching. E) vaginal removal.

The contraceptive method that not only prevents fertilization but also provides protection against sexually transmitted diseases is A) the condom. B) oral contraceptives. C) spermicidal agents. D) coitus interruptus. E) the diaphragm.

Which of the following can cause infertility in females? A) PMS B) heavy, prolonged menses C) blockage of the uterine tubes D) an increased libido E) psychological factors

Which of the following is NOT an age-related change in the male reproductive system? A) increase in erectile dysfunction B) prostatic hypertrophy C) size and weight of testes decrease D) decline of sperm production until no more sperm are produced

Which of the following is NOT an age-related change of the female reproductive system? A) dryness of the vagina B) decreased estrogen and progesterone production C) cessation of the menses D) decreased incidence of breast cancer

Sex cells are called _______________. A) gametes B) sperm C) eggs D) zygotes E) chromosomes

Meiosis produces __________ in humans. A) sperm cells and oocytes B) somatic cells C) somatic cells and sex cells D) neurons E) muscle cells

A typical ejaculation results in the discharge of 2 to 5 mL of the fluid called ___________. A) semen B) sperm C) seminal vesicle secretions D) mucous E) prostatic secretions

A primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells is called a ______________. A) primordial follicle B) secondary follicle C) mature follicle D) corpus luteum E) corpus albicans

The series of monthly changes that occur within the female uterus are referred to as the ____________________. A) menstrual cycle B) menarche C) reproductive cycle D) ovarian cycle E) luteal cycle

The series of monthly changes that occur within the female uterus are referred to as the ____________________. A) menstrual cycle B) menarche C) reproductive cycle D) ovarian cycle E) luteal cycle

Meiosis produces __________ in humans. A) sperm cells and oocytes B) somatic cells C) somatic cells and sex cells D) neurons E) muscle cells

Which of the following is not a function of the reproductive system? A) Development and nourishment of a new individual B) Production of gametes C) Creation of antibodies D) Fertilization E) Production of reproductive hormones

The process of meiosis provides for the reorganization of the the entire complement of human genes, the human genome. Meiosis occurs in the production of gametes in A) males. B) females. C) both males and females.

Centromeres divide in A) mitosis and meiosis I. B) mitosis and meiosis II. C) meiosis II only. D) meiosis I and meiosis II. E) mitosis, meiosis I and meiosis II.

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids that may result in new gene combinations on the chromosomes is called ____________. A) crossing over B) synapsis C) duplication D) reduction division E) random assortment

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids that may result in new gene combinations on the chromosomes is called _________________. A) crossing over B) synapsis C) duplication D) random assortment E) reduction division

The onset of puberty in females typically occurs between the ages of ______and occurs ____ that in males. A) 14 and 18; earlier than B) 13 and 16; later than C) 11 and 16; earlier than D) 12 and 16; at the same time as

What is the midlife change in estrogen and progesterone levels referred to as? A) Climacteric B) Menopause C) Atresia D) Menarche E) Pubarche

What is the cessation of menstruation referred to as? A) Menarche B) Menopause C) Climacteric D) Pubarche

At the end of meiosis I there are __________, whereas at the end of meiosis II there is/are __________. A) two diploid cells; one diploid cell B) two diploid cells; one haploid cell C) two diploid cells; four haploid cells D) two haploid cells; four haploid cells E) two haploid cells; one diploid cell

Which of the following is the most important role of meiosis in sexual reproduction? A) It reduces the size of the gametes. B) It produces at least one gamete that is mobile. C) It prevents the chromosome number from doubling in each generation. D) It ensures that each daughter cell doubles the number of chromosomes. E) It changes the genetic composition of each chromosome.

Meiosis I is a reduction division.

A reduction division is one in which A) the chemical reactions of oxidation and reduction take place. B) the daughter cells receive only half as many chromosomes as the parent cell had. C) one daughter cell is substantially reduced in size compared to the parent cell. D) the size of chromosomes is reduced from double-stranded to single-stranded.

Sister chromatids are pulled apart in A) prophase I. B) anaphase I. C) interphase. D) prophase II. E) anaphase II.

The final products of the two meiotic divisions are four haploid daughter cells from an original diploid cell.