Quiz 11: Introduction to the Nervous System Nervous Tissue
Biology
Q 1Q 1
What is NOT a function of the nervous system?
A) integrate sensory information
B) sense the internal and external environments
C) control effectors
D) direct long -term functions such as growth
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Multiple Choice
D
Q 2Q 2
Which of the following are organs of the central nervous system?
A) brain and cranial nerves
B) brain and spinal cord
C) spinal cord and spinal nerves
D) brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, and spinal nerves
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Multiple Choice
B
Q 3Q 3
The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the:
A) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
B) sensory division and motor division.
C) somatic sensory division and visceral sensory system.
D) visceral motor division and somatic motor division.
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Multiple Choice
A
Q 4Q 4
Upon entering your house, you noticed the smell of cake baking in the oven. What division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible?
A) visceral motor division
B) somatic motor division
C) visceral sensory division
D) somatic sensory division
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Multiple Choice
Q 5Q 5
Which nervous system division is responsible for the integration of sensory information?
A) visceral motor division
B) somatic motor division
C) central nervous system
D) peripheral nervous system
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Multiple Choice
Q 6Q 6
Which of the following is controlled by the somatic motor division?
A) smooth muscle
B) cardiac muscle
C) skeletal muscle
D) glands
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Multiple Choice
Q 7Q 7
Sarah sensed a mosquito land on her arm and swatted it away with her hand. Which specific PNS division was responsible for the movement of Sarah's hand?
A) autonomic nervous system
B) somatic sensory division
C) somatic motor division
D) visceral sensory division
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Multiple Choice
Q 8Q 8
The autonomic nervous system does NOT carry signals to:
A) cardiac muscle.
B) smooth muscle.
C) skeletal muscle.
D) glands.
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Multiple Choice
Q 9Q 9
Which of the following is NOT a function of neurons?
A) integration
B) forming the myelin sheath
C) transmitting motor information
D) carrying sensory information
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Multiple Choice
Q 10Q 10
Determine the direction in which an electrical signal is carried in a typical multipolar neuron.
A) axon, cell body, dendrites
B) cell body, axon, dendrites
C) dendrites, cell body, axon
D) dendrites, axon, cell body
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Multiple Choice
Q 11Q 11
Branches that may occur along an axon are called:
A) dendrites.
B) collaterals.
C) hillocks.
D) telodendria.
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Multiple Choice
Q 12Q 12
What is the most metabolically active part of a neuron?
A) axon hillock
B) axon
C) dendrites
D) cell body
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Multiple Choice
Q 13Q 13
What specific part of the neuron communicates with a target cell and serves as the secretory region of the cell?
A) axon terminals (synaptic knobs)
B) myelin sheath
C) cell body
D) dendrites
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Multiple Choice
Q 14Q 14
The conducting region of the neuron is the:
A) dendrites.
B) axon terminals (synaptic knobs).
C) cell body.
D) axon.
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Multiple Choice
Q 15Q 15
The most common type of neuron in the human body is:
A) unipolar.
B) pseudounipolar.
C) bipolar.
D) multipolar.
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Multiple Choice
Q 16Q 16
Which of the following best describes a bipolar neuron?
A) one axon and multiple, highly branched dendrites
B) one axon that splits into two processes
C) multiple axons and one dendrite
D) one axon and one dendrite
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Multiple Choice
Q 17Q 17
What type of neuron is found within the CNS to perform the job of information processing?
A) interneurons (association neurons)
B) motor (efferent) neurons
C) bipolar neurons
D) sensory (afferent) neurons
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Multiple Choice
Q 18Q 18
Bundles of axons known as tracts are part of the:
A) myelin sheath.
B) ganglion.
C) peripheral nervous system.
D) central nervous system.
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Multiple Choice
Q 19Q 19
Which neuroglial cell helps form the blood -brain barrier?
A) satellite cell
B) oligodendrocyte
C) astrocyte
D) ependymal cell
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Multiple Choice
Q 20Q 20
Because of their ability to rapidly divide during brain injury, which type of neuroglial cell would be more likely to form a brain tumor?
A) oligodendrite
B) ependymal cell
C) astrocyte
D) Schwann cell
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Multiple Choice
Q 21Q 21
Ependymal cells:
A) serve as wandering phagocytes during brain injury.
B) circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
C) help form the blood -brain barrier.
D) form myelin in the brain and spinal cord.
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Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
Which of the following is an effect of myelination?
A) Myelination increases the speed of conduction of action potentials.
B) Myelination increases the rate of mitosis in damaged neurons.
C) Myelination increases the rate at which phagocytosis occurs in the brain.
D) Myelination increases the volume of cerebrospinal fluid in circulation.
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Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
Myelinated axons in the CNS are known as:
A) white matter.
B) dark matter.
C) internodes.
D) gray matter.
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Q 24Q 24
Within the PNS, a neuron will regenerate only if:
A) the surrounding neuroglia regenerate first.
B) the neuron was myelinated.
C) the cell body remains intact.
D) scar tissue is removed by phagocytosis.
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Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
Which of the following is the primary factor in the maintenance of a negative charge during resting membrane potential?
A) sodium -potassium pump
B) ligand -gated channels
C) leak channels
D) voltage -gated channels
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Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
Resting membrane potential is maintained by the Na+/K+ pump which brings:
A) three potassium ions into the cytosol and three sodium ions into the extracellular fluid.
B) three potassium ions into the cytosol and two sodium ions into the extracellular fluid.
C) two potassium ions into the cytosol and two sodium ions into the extracellular fluid.
D) two potassium ions into the cytosol and three sodium ions into the extracellular fluid.
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Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
What channels open or close in response to physical distortion of the membrane surface, such as vibrations or pressure?
A) mechanically -gated
B) chemically -gated
C) ligand -gated
D) voltage -gated
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Q 29Q 29
If a resting axon increases its permeability to sodium ions:
A) the outward movement of sodium ions will decrease.
B) the membrane potential will hyperpolarize.
C) the membrane potential will repolarize.
D) the influx of sodium ions will increase and the membrane will depolarize.
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Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
The influx of positive charges makes the membrane potential more positive and is known as:
A) polarization.
B) hyperpolarization.
C) depolarization.
D) repolarization.
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Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
A series of measurements with a voltmeter show a neuron's membrane potential becoming more negative, from -70 mV to -85 mV. This neuron is experiencing a:
A) polarization phase.
B) depolarization phase.
C) repolarization phase.
D) hyperpolarization phase.
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Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
Graded potentials:
A) cause repolarization.
B) produce an effect that spreads actively across the membrane surface.
C) produce an effect that increases with distance from the point of stimulation.
D) may cause either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization.
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Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
Using the information provided in this graph, which statement best summarizes the activity in this neuron?
A) The cell gains chloride ions, making the cell hyperpolarize.
B) Positive charges are lost from the cell, making the inside more negative.
C) The cells gains negative charges, making the inside more negative.
D) The cell gains positive charges, making the inside less negative.
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Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
What is more likely to promote an action potential?
A) repolarization
B) absolute refractory period
C) hyperpolarization
D) depolarization
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Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
Which statement best describes the all -or -none principle?
A) All neurons conduct an action potential together, or none do.
B) All voltage -gated sodium channels will open or none will open.
C) An action potential happens completely, or it doesn't happen at all.
D) Local, or graded, potentials will always become action potentials.
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Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
What membrane potential must generally be met in order to achieve threshold?
A) -55 mV
B) -30 mV
C) -85 mV
D) -70 mV
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Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
Which of the following is correct about threshold?
A) Threshold is more positive than the resting potential.
B) The membrane begins to hyperpolarize.
C) Voltage -gated potassium channels inactivate.
D) Voltage -gated potassium channels begin to close.
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Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
During repolarization of a neuron:
A) potassium ions move into the cell.
B) sodium ions move out of the cell.
C) potassium ions move out of the cell.
D) sodium ions move into the cell.
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Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
Voltage -gated sodium channels have both an activation gate and:
A) a leak gate.
B) a swinging gate.
C) a threshold gate.
D) an inactivation gate.
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Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
Place these steps of the action potential in the correct order. 1. Sodium ions channels return to the resting state and repolarization continues.
2) Voltage -gated sodium ion channels activate, sodium ions enter, and the axon section depolarizes.
3) As potassium ion channels return to resting state, the axolemma may hyperpolarize before returning to the resting membrane potential.
4) A local potential depolarizes the axolemma of the trigger zone to threshold.
5) Sodium ion channels inactivate, and voltage -gated potassium ion channels activate, so sodium ions stop entering and potassium ions leave, beginning repolarization.
A) 2, 4, 5, 1, 3
B) 4, 2, 5, 1, 3
C) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1
D) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
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Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
Which number on the graph represents when voltage -gated sodium channels are open?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
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Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
Which area on the graph shows when the neuron is in the refractory period?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
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Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
Determine the membrane potential (mV) during the relative refractory period.
A) +30 mV
B) -85 mV
C) -55 mV
D) +15 mV
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Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
Voltage -gated sodium channels are activated:
A) during repolarization.
B) only if the cell is depolarized to threshold.
C) during hyperpolarization.
D) after voltage -gated potassium channels are activated.
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Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
When is the generation of an action potential impossible, no matter the strength of the stimulus?
A) absolute refractory period
B) relative refractory period
C) depolarization
D) threshold
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Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
During saltatory conduction, action potentials are generated:
A) only at nodes of Ranvier of myelinated axons.
B) when the entire axolemma is depolarized.
C) along the entire length of the unmyelinated axon.
D) regardless if threshold is reached.
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Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
Determine the fiber type in which propagation of an action potential will occur most quickly.
A) myelinated type B fiber
B) type C fiber
C) myelinated type A fiber
D) unmyelinated type B fiber
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Q 49Q 49
The majority of synapses in the nervous system are:
A) electrical.
B) mechanical.
C) chemical.
D) voltage.
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Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
The presence of a synaptic cleft between cells is characteristic of:
A) chemical synapse.
B) electrical synapse.
C) both chemical and electrical synapses.
D) neither chemical nor electrical synapses.
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Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
A neuron that receives neurotransmitters from another neuron is called:
A) the postsynaptic neuron.
B) an oligodendrocyte.
C) the presynaptic neuron.
D) a Schwann cell.
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Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
What is NOT associated with a chemical synapse?
A) presynaptic neuron
B) gap junction
C) synaptic cleft
D) neurotransmitter
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Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
What type of synapse must have receptors to transmit signals?
A) electrical synapse
B) chemical synapse
C) both chemical and electrical synapses
D) neither chemical nor electrical synapses
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Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
What ion triggers synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?
A) magnesium
B) sodium
C) chlorine
D) calcium
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Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
If the receptor site for a neurotransmitter were completely blocked:
A) a weaker action potential would result.
B) synaptic transmission would fail.
C) neurotransmitter release would stop.
D) the presynaptic neuron would release a different neurotransmitter.
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Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
Which of the following must happen first in the order events at a chemical synapse?
A) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
B) Ion channels respond to the neurotransmitter and lead to a local potential, or possibly an action potential.
C) Calcium ion channels in the axon terminal open.
D) Calcium ions cause synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
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Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
Which of the following is most likely to produce an action potential?
A) opening of potassium ion channels
B) hyperpolarization
C) inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
D) excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
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Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
What would most likely lead to an IPSP?
A) closure of chloride ion channels
B) opening of calcium ion channels
C) opening of sodium ion channels
D) opening of potassium ion channels
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Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
A local hyperpolarization that changes a postsynaptic neuron's membrane from resting potential to -85 mV is:
A) a saltatory stimulus.
B) a temporal stimulus.
C) an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP).
D) an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP).
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Multiple Choice
Q 60Q 60
Which of the following would NOT terminate the effects of the neurotransmitter?
A) degradation of the neurotransmitter by enzymes
B) presence of calcium ions in the presynaptic neuron
C) reuptake of neurotransmitter into the presynaptic neuron
D) diffusion of the neurotransmitter into the extracellular fluid
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Multiple Choice
Q 61Q 61
When a second EPSP arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared, what results?
A) hyperpolarization
B) spatial summation
C) inhibition of the impulse
D) temporal summation
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Multiple Choice
Q 62Q 62
Summation that results from the cumulative effect of multiple synapses at multiple places on the neuron is designated:
A) hyperpolarization.
B) spatial summation.
C) temporal summation.
D) impulse transmission.
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Multiple Choice
Q 63Q 63
The same ________ can have different effects depending on the properties of the _.
A) receptor; neurotransmitter
B) neurotransmitter; receptor
C) substrate; enzyme
D) hormone; neurotransmitter
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Q 64Q 64
Neurotransmitters that bind ionotropic receptors control:
A) the activation of G -proteins inside the postsynaptic neuron.
B) some metabolic process inside the postsynaptic neuron.
C) the formation of a second messenger inside the postsynaptic neuron.
D) the movement of ions into or out of the postsynaptic neuron.
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Multiple Choice
Q 65Q 65
Cholinergic synapses use the neurotransmitter:
A) norepinephrine.
B) serotonin.
C) acetylcholine.
D) epinephrine.
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Multiple Choice
Q 66Q 66
After acetylcholinesterase (AChE) acts, the presynaptic neuron:
A) reabsorbs the acetate.
B) reabsorbs the choline.
C) reabsorbs synaptic vesicles.
D) reabsorbs acetylcholine.
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Multiple Choice
Q 67Q 67
Which of the following is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
A) dopamine
B) GABA
C) glutamate
D) glycine
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Q 68Q 68
Which neuropeptide neurotransmitter is released from fibers transmitting sensory information about pain and temperature?
A) substance P
B) opioids
C) neuropeptide Y
D) endorphin
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Multiple Choice
Q 69Q 69
Where are neuronal pools located?
A) within nerves
B) within the CNS
C) within the PNS
D) within ganglia
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Multiple Choice
Q 70Q 70
Neuronal pools are collections of:
A) efferent neurons.
B) interneurons.
C) motor neurons.
D) bipolar neurons.
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Multiple Choice
Q 71Q 71
What best describes a converging circuit?
A) One neuron communicates with multiple parts of the brain.
B) Axon terminals from multiple input neurons join onto a single postsynaptic neuron.
C) An increasing number of neurons are excited down the pathway of the circuit.
D) One axon of an input neuron branches to make contact with multiple postsynaptic neurons.
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Multiple Choice
Q 72Q 72
The sensory, or afferent, division of the peripheral nervous system carries information from the brain and spinal cord to effector organs.
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True False
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True False
Q 74Q 74
Neurons are responsible for sending and receiving signals referred to as action potentials while neuroglial cells serve a variety of supportive functions.
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True False
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True False
Q 76Q 76
The conduction of an action potential is faster in unmyelinated axons than in myelinated axons.
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True False
Q 77Q 77
Regeneration of neural tissue in the PNS is possible only if the neuron's cell body remains intact.
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 81Q 81
Axons with a smaller diameter can conduct nerve impulses more quickly than axons with a larger diameter.
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True False
Q 82Q 82
Electrical synapses are faster than chemical synapses due to the presence of gap junctions between cells.
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True False
Q 83Q 83
Calcium ion entry into the axon terminal is necessary for the release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
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True False
Q 84Q 84
Neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the receptor present on the postsynaptic neuron.
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True False
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True False
Q 86Q 86
Summarize the differences between the somatic motor division and the autonomic nervous system.
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Q 87Q 87
Rabies is caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system. The virus is normally introduced by an animal bite that breaks the surface of the skin. Since the virus is not motile, how does it travel to the central nervous system?
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Q 88Q 88
Since Jerry's accident, he has had no sensations in his injured leg. Based on the functional classifications of neurons, explain the type of neuron that has been damaged. Why has he not regained lost nerve function?
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Q 89Q 89
Discuss the neuroglial cells that form the myelin sheaths in the CNS and the PNS and some of their differences.
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Q 90Q 90
Discuss the type of glial cell that becomes activated within a brain region affected by stroke.
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Q 93Q 93
Discuss the two main factors involved in the generation of a neuron's resting membrane potential.
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Q 94Q 94
The porcupinefish produces a toxin that binds voltage -gated sodium channels. Determine the effect of the toxin on nerve function.
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Q 95Q 95
Why is a neuron unable to produce an additional action potential during the absolute refractory period?
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Q 98Q 98
What type of postsynaptic potential would be more likely to promote an action potential - an IPSP or
EPSP? Explain.
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Q 99Q 99
A postsynaptic neuron is bombarded by synaptic inputs from several hundred presynaptic neurons.
However, this neuron does not appear to transmit an impulse. Propose an explanation of why this could occur.
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Q 100Q 100
Acetylcholine (ACh) may excite postsynaptic neurons in the CNS; however, it may inhibit some
postsynaptic neurons in the PNS. Explain how acetylcholine can be both excitatory and inhibitory.
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Q 101Q 101
Kelly takes an antihistamine for allergies. Explain why sleepiness is a side effect of this medicine.
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Q 102Q 102
Receptors on a postsynaptic CNS neuron bind glutamate. Describe how the postsynaptic neuron responds.
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Q 104Q 104
While driving home, Henry watched as a large truck drifted into his lane from oncoming traffic. Henry's central nervous system integrated this information to determine the position of his own vehicle, and then he made a decision to swerve his vehicle closer to the side of the road to avoid a head -on collision. From this scenario, determine the sensory information and his motor functions.
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Q 105Q 105
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the myelin sheaths are destroyed in the brain and spinal cord. With what process does this interfere and what would be the consequences?
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Q 108Q 108
The nerve agent, sarin, was developed during World War II to block the effects of acetylcholinesterase. Explain the effects of this nerve agent on the synapse.
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