Quiz 15: The Special Senses
Biology
Free
Multiple Choice
C
Q 2Q 2
What nerves carry information about the special senses to the CNS?
A) spinal nerves only
B) both cranial and spinal nerves
C) cranial nerves only
D) cervical nerves only
Free
Multiple Choice
C
Q 3Q 3
To what part of the brain are both general and most special senses carried?
A) pons
B) thalamus
C) medulla oblongata
D) hypothalamus
Free
Multiple Choice
B
Q 4Q 4
Special senses, such as sight and sound, are detected by:
A) motor neurons.
B) sensory neurons.
C) both cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
D) special cells that transduce stimuli into electrical signals.
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 6Q 6
The olfactory nerves (CN I) are formed by:
A) olfactory bulbs.
B) axons of the olfactory neurons.
C) olfactory tracts.
D) supporting cells.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 7Q 7
Damage to the basal cells in the olfactory epithelium results in a loss of:
A) vision.
B) hearing.
C) smell.
D) taste.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 8Q 8
The activation of olfactory receptors requires that the odorant become immersed in:
A) cerumen.
B) saliva.
C) blood.
D) mucus.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 9Q 9
Place the following steps in the correct order for transduction of a chemical odorant into a nerve signal. 1. Odorants reach receptors in the cilia of olfactory neurons.
2) cAMP opens ions channels that allow sodium and calcium ions to enter the cell.
3) The G -protein activates an enzyme, adenylate cyclase, to convert ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP).
4) The binding of an odorant activates a G -protein which then detaches from the receptor.
5) The membrane is depolarized. Depolarization that reaches threshold at the axon hillock triggers an action potential and transduction has been achieved.
A) 1, 4, 2, 3, 5
B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5
D) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 10Q 10
Place the following steps of nerve impulses in the olfaction pathway in order. 1. primary olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe
2) olfactory nerve
3) olfactory neurons
4) olfactory bulb
A) 2, 3, 4, 1
B) 3, 2, 4, 1
C) 2, 4, 3, 1
D) 3, 4, 2, 1
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 11Q 11
The most taste buds are present in:
A) filiform papillae.
B) fungiform papillae.
C) foliate papillae.
D) vallate (circumvallate) papillae.
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 13Q 13
Which cell has receptors specialized to detect different tastes?
A) supporting cell
B) basal cell
C) olfactory cell
D) gustatory cell
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 14Q 14
Taste is detected when chemicals bind receptors on the microvilli of:
A) gustatory cells.
B) olfactory cells.
C) basal cells.
D) supporting cells.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 15Q 15
How is the sensation of taste affected by a dry mouth?
A) Most foods will taste bitter when the mouth is dry.
B) Foods have a less intense taste when the mouth is dry.
C) Foods have a more intense taste when the mouth is dry.
D) The moisture level of the mouth has no influence on taste sensation.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 16Q 16
What taste sensation results when sodium ions enter gustatory cells through sodium ion channel receptors, and the cell depolarizes?
A) bitter
B) salty
C) umami
D) sour
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 17Q 17
Aiden was surprised to learn that his salad dressing contained glucose since it did NOT taste:
A) salty.
B) bitter.
C) sour.
D) sweet.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 18Q 18
Identify the cranial nerves NOT involved in carrying taste information from the tongue into the CNS.
A) vagus nerves (CN X)
B) facial nerves (CN VII)
C) glossopharyngeal nerves (CN IX)
D) hypoglossal nerves (CN XII)
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 19Q 19
Damage to the facial nerve would result in a loss of taste sensation from:
A) posterior one -third of the tongue.
B) anterior two -thirds of the tongue.
C) base of the tongue.
D) roof of the mouth.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 20Q 20
Where is the primary gustatory cortex located?
A) parietal lobe
B) occipital lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) frontal lobe
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 21Q 21
What gland secretes oil to prevent the eyelids from sticking together?
A) sudoriferous gland
B) lacrimal gland
C) cerumen gland
D) tarsal gland
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
A weak superior oblique muscle would impair:
A) inferior and lateral movement of the eye.
B) superior movement of the eye.
C) lateral movement and elevation of the eye.
D) depression of the eye and lateral movement.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
Which extrinsic eye muscles move the eye inferiorly?
A) inferior oblique and superior rectus
B) lateral rectus and inferior oblique
C) superior oblique and inferior rectus
D) inferior oblique and inferior rectus
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
The three layers of the eyeball, from outer to inner, are:
A) neural, vascular, and fibrous layers
B) fibrous, neural, and vascular layers
C) vascular, neural, and fibrous layers
D) fibrous, vascular, and neural layers
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
The sclera is continuous with a transparent layer over the anterior eye known as the:
A) choroid.
B) lens.
C) cornea.
D) conjunctiva.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering through the pupil?
A) lens
B) cornea
C) iris
D) sclera
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
What region of the retina contains a high density of photoreceptor cells and allows for extremely detailed vision?
A) ora serrata
B) optic disc
C) ciliary body
D) fovea centralis
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
The optic disc is known as the blind spot because:
A) only cones populate the optic disc.
B) only rods populate the optic disc.
C) the fovea centralis prevents light from striking the optic disc.
D) photoreceptors are absent from the optic disc.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
What is the function of the lens?
A) The lens focuses light on the retina.
B) The lens reduces the scattering of light.
C) The lens nourishes the retina.
D) The lens controls the amount of light passing through the pupil.
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
What gelatinous mass helps maintain the shape of the eyeball?
A) ora serrata
B) perilymph
C) vitreous humor
D) aqueous humor
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
What unit of light stimulates photoreceptor cells in the retina?
A) glutamate
B) gamma ray
C) refractive index
D) photon
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
Which of the following parts of the eye refract light to focus it on the retina?
A) pupil and iris
B) ciliary body and suspensory ligaments
C) sclera and choroid
D) cornea and lens
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
The ability of the lens to change its shape from flattened to round is known as:
A) refraction.
B) convergence.
C) accommodation.
D) inversion.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
Twenty -year -old Leslie learned she is hyperopic after having her eyes examined. What best describes her eye condition?
A) Her eyeballs are too short.
B) Her eyeball shape is normal.
C) Her eyes are experiencing age -related decline.
D) Her eyeballs are too long.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
Determine the correct order that light, and then an action potential, travels as it strikes the retina.
A) photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve
B) retinal ganglion cells, photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, optic nerve
C) photoreceptor cells, retinal ganglion cells, bipolar cells, optic nerve
D) bipolar cells, photoreceptor cells, retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
What type of photoreceptor cell perceives color?
A) hair cell
B) cone
C) bipolar cell
D) rod
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
The three types of cones are designated:
A) red, yellow, and blue.
B) red, green, and yellow.
C) yellow, red, and blue.
D) red, green, and blue.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
People who are unable to distinguish certain colors have a form of:
A) color blindness.
B) glaucoma.
C) astigmatism.
D) cataracts.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
When a photoreceptor cell is stimulated by light:
A) the photoreceptor hyperpolarizes as sodium ion channels close.
B) transducin and phosphodiesterase (PDE) are inactive.
C) opsin and cis -retinal combine to form rhodopsin.
D) sodium ions enter the outer segment of the photoreceptor and depolarize it.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
In the light -adapted state:
A) rods are bleached and unable to function.
B) colors are dull.
C) we could see better in the dark.
D) we can only see color and not black and white.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
In the dark (absence of a stimulus), the photoreceptors are:
A) bleached.
B) polarized.
C) depolarized.
D) hyperpolarized.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
Having to adjust to a dark room after walking in from bright light is because:
A) the lens requires time to accommodate dim light.
B) rods exposed to bright light need time to regenerate rhodopsin.
C) only cones function in dim light.
D) rhodopsin does not function in dim light.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
Where does each half of the visual field get segregated so that it reaches the opposite hemisphere of the brain?
A) occipital lobe
B) optic chiasma
C) hypothalamus
D) lateral geniculate nucleus
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
The inability to recognize a family member indicates impairment in the:
A) ventral pathway.
B) parietal lobe.
C) dorsal pathway.
D) pretectal area.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
What is NOT a function of cerumen?
A) Cerumen traps debris before it reaches the tympanic membrane.
B) Cerumen waterproofs and lubricates the external auditory canal.
C) Cerumen enhances sound transmission into the ear canal.
D) Cerumen sweeps debris from the external auditory canal.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
What separates the outer ear from the middle ear?
A) pharyngotympanic tube
B) auditory ossicles
C) tympanic membrane
D) auricle
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
Which auditory ossicle is connected to the tympanic membrane?
A) anvil
B) stapes
C) incus
D) malleus
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
What equalizes pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane?
A) oval window
B) pharyngotympanic tube (eustachian tube)
C) round window
D) external auditory canal (external acoustic meatus)
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
What creates the boundary between the air -filled middle ear and the fluid -filled inner ear?
A) tectorial membrane
B) oval window
C) tympanic membrane
D) basilar membrane
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
If the stapedius muscle is unable to reduce movement of the ossicles as a unit, how is hearing affected?
A) Hearing is not affected.
B) Sounds will be louder than normal.
C) We hear no sound.
D) Sounds will be softer than normal.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
The vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the:
A) auditory ossicles.
B) cochlea.
C) stapedius muscle.
D) oval window.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
What is NOT part of the inner ear?
A) semicircular canals
B) vestibule
C) tympanic membrane
D) cochlea
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
What part of the inner ear is involved in hearing?
A) saccule
B) utricle
C) cochlea
D) vestibule
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
What cranial nerve carries information about hearing and head movement to the brain?
A) trochlear nerve (CN V)
B) vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
C) trigeminal nerve (CN IV)
D) abducens nerve (CN VI)
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
The receptor cells of the semicircular canals are located in the:
A) perilymph.
B) ampullae.
C) saccules.
D) utricles.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers stimulates receptors in the:
A) spiral organ (organ of Corti).
B) bony labyrinth.
C) utricle and saccule.
D) basilar membrane.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 60Q 60
What supports the spiral organ (organ of Corti)?
A) tectorial membrane
B) tympanic membrane
C) membranous labyrinth
D) basilar membrane
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 61Q 61
As sound waves travel into the ear, they pass from the auditory canal to the:
A) tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, oval window, endolymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea.
B) tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, round window, perilymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea.
C) tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, oval window, perilymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea.
D) tympanic membrane, oval window, auditory ossicles, perilymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 62Q 62
Where are sound vibrations amplified?
A) tympanic membrane
B) vestibule
C) auditory ossicles
D) semicircular canals
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 63Q 63
The loudness of sound is determined by the vibrations of the:
A) tectorial membrane.
B) otoliths.
C) basilar membrane.
D) scala vestibuli.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 64Q 64
Damage to the hair cells of the spiral organ (organ of Corti) can result in a loss of:
A) hearing.
B) olfaction.
C) equilibrium.
D) vision.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 65Q 65
When sound waves bend stereocilia, what happens?
A) Hair cells depolarize, releasing neurotransmitter, and triggering an action potential.
B) The force of the sound waves is converted into mechanical energy.
C) Hair cells hyperpolarize as potassium flows into the cell through open channels.
D) Hearing loss results.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 66Q 66
The startle reflex occurs when auditory information reaches the:
A) hypothalamus.
B) thalamus.
C) pons.
D) midbrain.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 67Q 67
Where does the conscious awareness of sound begin, along with the analysis of its pitch, location, and loudness?
A) temporal lobe
B) frontal lobe
C) occipital lobe
D) parietal lobe
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 68Q 68
The sense of equilibrium does NOT depend on input from:
A) the visual system.
B) the vestibular system.
C) the cochlea.
D) proprioceptors in muscles and joints.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 69Q 69
Which of the following demonstrates static equilibrium?
A) riding in an elevator
B) riding in a car
C) sitting in a movie theater to watch a film
D) spinning on a merry -go -round at the park
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 70Q 70
The receptor cells for static equilibrium are located in the:
A) spiral organ (organ of Corti) of the cochlea.
B) otolithic membrane of the utricle and saccule of the vestibule.
C) ampullae of the semicircular canals.
D) maculae of the utricle and saccule of the vestibule.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 71Q 71
The bending of stereocilia depolarizes or hyperpolarizes hair cells within the utricle and saccule and promote a sensation of:
A) spinning in a circle.
B) sound.
C) linear movement of the head.
D) turning of the head to the left or right.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 72Q 72
What detects dynamic equilibrium?
A) spiral organ (organ of Corti)
B) crista ampullaris
C) utricle and saccule
D) cochlea
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 73Q 73
What description best matches the function of stereocilia?
A) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
B) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
C) bending produces depolarization or hyperpolarization in hair cells
D) tiny calcium carbonate crystal that increase density in endolymph
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 74Q 74
Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting information about sounds and head position and movement to the brain?
A) optic nerve (CN II)
B) olfactory nerve (CN I)
C) facial nerve (CN VII)
D) vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 75Q 75
Neural sensory signals are relayed to the thalamus, EXCEPT for the sensation of:
A) vision.
B) dynamic equilibrium.
C) olfaction.
D) hearing.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 76Q 76
Where are sensations integrated with memories of past experiences?
A) limbic system
B) parietal lobe
C) cerebellum
D) frontal lobe
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 77Q 77
In both general and (most) special sensation, information is first processed by sensory nuclei and then transmitted to the thalamus and to primary cortex areas for awareness and
identification.
Free
True False
Q 78Q 78
Like all other sensory pathways, the nerve impulses associated with olfaction are routed through the thalamus on the way to the primary olfactory cortex.
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Q 81Q 81
Tears produced by the lacrimal glands sweep from the superolateral region of the orbit toward the medial and inferior portions of the eye. The tears drain into the passages leading to the
nasal cavity.
Free
True False
Q 82Q 82
Six extrinsic eye muscles, including four rectums muscles and two oblique muscles, control the movement of each eye.
Free
True False
Free
True False
Free
True False
Q 85Q 85
An astigmatism is an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens which causes rays of light to refract unevenly.
Free
True False
Q 86Q 86
Rods are concentrated in the fovea centralis while cones are absent from this region of the retina.
Free
True False
Q 87Q 87
The function of the pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube is to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.
Free
True False
Q 88Q 88
Endolymph travels within the membranous labyrinth while perilymph travels between the bony and membranous labyrinth.
Free
True False
Q 89Q 89
Neurons on the superior ol nucleus compare information from both ears to determine the loudness of sound.
Free
True False
Q 90Q 90
When you bend your head, gravity pulls on the otolithic membrane, bending the stereocilia either toward or away from the kinocilium.
Free
True False
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Short Answer
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 94Q 94
Match the following with the parts of the eye.
-Area of retina specialized for detailed vision
Free
Short Answer
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 96Q 96
Match the following with the parts of the eye.
-Portion of the retina that contains no photoreceptors
Free
Short Answer
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Short Answer
Free
Short Answer
Q 101Q 101
Match the following with the parts of the ear.
-Auditory ossicle that receives vibrations from the tympanic membrane
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
Short Answer
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Q 108Q 108
Dhara has Sjögren's syndrome, an autoimmune disorder in which the body's white blood cells destroy glands such as the salivary glands. Determine the impact on taste sensation.
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Q 110Q 110
A nurse administers pilocarpine eye drops. The nurse instructs the patient to press on the nasolacrimal
duct for 30 seconds because the medication can have some systemic side effects, such as affecting the heart rate. Explain the rationale for pressing on the nasolacrimal duct.
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Q 112Q 112
Describe how the iris regulates light entry into the eye during sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation.
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Q 117Q 117
Trace the pathway of an image formed on the retina to the primary visual cortex in the brain.
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Q 120Q 120
Discuss the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ (organ of Corti) to the primary auditory cortex in the brain.
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Q 122Q 122
Air travelers report less satisfaction with the taste of food served while flying. Given the dry climate and low humidity in an airplane, predict why food isn't as tasty in the skies.
Free
Essay
Q 123Q 123
Explain how rubbing your eyes with dirty hands can lead to an infection in the nasal cavity.
Free
Essay
Q 124Q 124
Ginger wears glasses to see distant objects when she drives. She does not need glasses to see objects that are close. Determine the refractive problem she has and how her glasses correct this problem.
Free
Essay
Free
Essay
Q 126Q 126
Explain why eight -year -old Carolina feels like she is still riding the merry -go -round, although she disembarked a few moments ago.
Free
Essay
Free
Essay