Quiz 13: The Peripheral Nervous System

Which division detects stimuli of the general senses and special senses? A) visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system) B) visceral sensory division C) somatic motor division D) somatic sensory division

You feel a mosquito land on your arm. This stimulus is carried to the central nervous system (CNS) by the: A) somatic motor division. B) visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system). C) visceral sensory division. D) somatic sensory division.

The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are divisions of the: A) somatic motor division. B) visceral sensory division. C) visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system). D) somatic sensory division.

Which division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) detects stimuli and carries them to the central nervous system (CNS)? A) motor B) sympathetic C) autonomic D) sensory

What is the outermost connective tissue covering of a nerve? A) epineurium B) epimysium C) perineurium D) endoneurium

Mixed nerves house: A) motor neurons only. B) sensory neurons only. C) somatic neurons only. D) both sensory and motor neurons.

Which of the following houses motor neurons? A) anterior root of spinal nerve B) central canal of the spinal cord C) posterior root ganglion D) posterior root of spinal nerve

What connective tissue sheath wraps the axon of a neuron? A) epineurium B) perineurium C) fascicle D) endoneurium

Bundles of axons within a nerve are known as: A) dendrites. B) the perineurium. C) the endoneurium. D) fascicles.

Where is the motor response initiated? A) spinal nerves B) lower motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) C) motor areas of the brain D) cranial nerves

What is cranial nerve VIII? A) facial nerve B) trigeminal nerve C) glossopharyngeal nerve D) vestibulocochlear nerve

The vagus nerve is represented by Roman numeral: A) X. B) XII. C) V. D) I.

Which cranial nerve is generally thought of as a mixed nerve? A) accessory nerve (XI) B) hypoglossal nerve (XII) C) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) D) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in eye movement? A) abducens nerve (VI) B) oculomotor nerve (III) C) trochlear nerve (IV) D) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all of the following EXCEPT: A) trigeminal nerve (V). B) trochlear nerve (IV). C) facial nerve (VII). D) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).

Which cranial nerve detects smell? A) oculomotor nerve (III) B) olfactory nerve (I) C) trochlear nerve (IV) D) optic nerve (II)

An inability to swallow indicates a problem with the: A) accessory nerve (XI) or hypoglossal nerve (XII). B) trigeminal nerve (V) or glossopharyngeal nerve (IX). C) trochlear nerve (IV) or abducens nerve (VI). D) olfactory nerve (I).

Ms. Parker has damage to the sensory root of the facial nerve (VII). Which of the following symptoms matches this information? A) inability to elevate the mandible B) inability to taste C) inability to smell D) inability to swallow

Loss of balance and equilibrium can indicate damage to the: A) hypoglossal nerve (XII). B) accessory nerve (XI). C) trochlear nerve (IV). D) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).

Where does the motor portion of the facial nerve (VIII) originate? A) midbrain B) cerebral cortex C) tongue D) nuclei in the pons and medulla

What controls the movement of rectus abdominis, a skeletal muscle on the anterior surface of the body? A) posterior root B) posterior ramus C) anterior ramus D) posterior (dorsal) root ganglion

Which of the following is INCORRECT about the numbers of spinal nerves? A) 5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves B) 7 pairs of cervical spinal nerves C) 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves D) 5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves

Which of the following carries sensory information only? A) posterior (dorsal) root B) posterior ramus C) anterior ramus D) anterior root

The anterior root and posterior root fuse to form a(n): A) spinal nerve. B) posterior horn. C) posterior (dorsal) root ganglion. D) anterior horn.

A network of nerves is known as a: A) root. B) plexus. C) horn. D) ramus.

During a boxing match, Sammy was hit on the side of the neck. He stopped breathing temporarily due to damage to the: A) cervical plexus. B) brachial plexus. C) sacral plexus. D) lumbar plexus.

Which plexus provides motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb? A) cranial plexus B) sacral plexus C) brachial plexus D) lumbar plexus

The phrenic nerve is a member of the: A) lumbar plexus. B) cervical plexus. C) sacral plexus. D) brachial plexus.

Which of the following does NOT belong to the brachial plexus? A) ulnar nerve B) median nerve C) musculocutaneous nerve D) phrenic nerve

Striking the "funny" bone is actually stimulation (or injury) to the: A) ulnar nerve. B) axillary nerve. C) median nerve. D) radial nerve.

What do most of the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves serve? A) median nerves B) intercostal nerves C) brachial nerves D) phrenic nerves

The longest and largest nerve in the body belongs to the sacral plexus and is known as the: A) femoral nerve. B) axillary nerve. C) common fibular nerve. D) sciatic nerve.

Olfactory receptors depolarize in response to an odorant, turning a stimulus into an electrical signal. This conversion is known as: A) propagation. B) adaptation. C) repolarization. D) sensory transduction.

Sensory transduction occurs in: A) CNS interneurons. B) lower motor neurons. C) PNS sensory neurons. D) upper motor neurons.

Sensory receptors that adapt to stimuli after a certain period of time are: A) slowly adapting receptors. B) nociceptors. C) thermoreceptors. D) rapidly adapting receptors.

The stretch of a full urinary bladder is detected by a(n): A) interoceptor. B) photoreceptor. C) thermoreceptor. D) exteroceptor.

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by: A) photoreceptors. B) proprioceptors. C) chemoreceptors. D) nociceptors.

Photoreceptors are found only in the: A) ear. B) eye. C) mouth. D) nose.

Your wrap your hands around a warm cup of hot chocolate. This sensation is detected by a: A) chemoreceptor. B) thermoreceptor. C) hair follicle receptor. D) photoreceptor.

Which mechanoreceptor detects deep pressure? A) Ruffini ending B) tactile corpuscle C) lamellated corpuscle D) Merkel cell fiber

Mechanoreceptors might detect which of the following sensations? A) smell B) light C) temperature D) pressure

The speed of nerve impulse transmission through the axon of a sensory neuron will be quickest in: A) axons that adapt to stimuli. B) axons with a greater receptive field. C) a large ^-diameter, myelinated axon. D) a small ^-diameter, unmyelinated axon.

A region of skin has a great number of sensory neurons, and each neuron has a relatively small receptive field. The two ^-point discrimination threshold for this skin region might be: A) 15 mm. B) 40 mm. C) 25 mm. D) 5 mm.

A test known as two ^-point discrimination threshold measures: A) the type of sensory neuron serving a region of skin. B) the amount of pressure we can sustain before feeling pain. C) the type of mechanoreceptor being stimulated. D) the relative size of receptive fields.

Regions of skin supplied by a spinal nerve for somatic sensation are known as: A) lines of cleavage. B) the ABCDE rule. C) dermatomes. D) the rule of nines.

Ms. Carroll went to her doctor's office with pain in her right shoulder blade and learned she was having a gallbladder attack. You're not surprised to hear about the unusual location of her pain since it is known as: A) the receptive field. B) referred pain. C) phantom limb pain. D) chronic pain.

Visceral pain may be perceived as cutaneous pain, a phenomenon known as: A) slowly adapting reception. B) the receptive field. C) phantom limb pain. D) referred pain.

What part of the nervous system integrates and interprets information from PNS sensory neurons? A) sensory (afferent) division B) central nervous system (CNS) C) somatic nervous system (SNS) D) visceral motor division, or autonomic nervous system (ANS)

What connects the upper motor neurons to lower motor neurons? A) primary afferent neuron B) interneurons C) muscle fibers D) sensory neurons

What type of neuron contacts a muscle fiber and initiates a muscle contraction? A) upper motor neuron B) interneuron C) sensory neuron D) lower motor neuron

What type of motor neuron stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to contract by the excitation ^-contraction mechanism? A) upper motor neuron B) y ^-motor neuron C) a ^-motor neuron D) interneuron

Motor neurons pools consist of: A) lower motor neurons. B) secondary afferent neurons. C) primary afferent neurons. D) upper motor neurons.

Place the following steps in order for motor control. 1. Upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons. 2) Sensory information is relayed back to the cerebellum so movement can be modified if needed. 3) Upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex select a motor program. 4) Lower motor neurons stimulate a skeletal muscle to contract. 5) The basal nuclei enable the thalamus to stimulate upper motor neurons of the primary cortex. A) 5, 3, 1, 4, 2 B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2 C) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4 D) 2, 5, 3, 1, 4

Which of the following does NOT characterize a reflex? A) Neural integration of a reflex usually occurs in the PNS. B) The motor response to a stimulus is rapid. C) A reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus. D) Reflexes require a stimulus to initiate a motor response.

Which of the following must occur first in a reflex arc? A) detection by receptor and delivery of stimulus B) delivery of motor response to effector C) integration in the central nervous system (CNS) D) transmission from the primary motor cortex

What type of sensory receptors are muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs? A) nociceptor B) chemoreceptors C) thermoreceptor D) mechanoreceptor

What is NOT true of muscle spindles? A) Muscle spindles are found within tendons. B) Muscle spindles are embedded within extrafusal muscle fibers. C) The contractile poles of intrafusal fibers within muscle spindles are innervated by y ^-motor neurons. D) Muscle spindles are receptors for the stretch reflex.

A reflex with a single synapse between the sensory and motor neurons within the spinal cord is known as a: A) visceral reflex. B) monosynaptic reflex. C) polysynaptic reflex. D) somatic reflex.

Determine the polysynaptic reflex from this list of examples. A) patellar (knee ^-jerk) reflex B) simple stretch reflex C) jaw ^-jerk reflex D) flexion (withdrawal) reflex

What reflex causes muscle relaxation? A) flexion (withdrawal) reflex B) Golgi tendon reflex C) stretch reflex D) crossed ^-extension reflex

The inability to produce a gag reflex could indicate a problem with the: A) abducens nerve (VI) or trochlear nerve (IV). B) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) or vagus nerve (X). C) hypoglossal nerve (XII) or vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII). D) facial nerve (VII) or trigeminal nerve (V).

Which of the following complements the flexion (withdrawal) reflex? A) crossed ^-extension reflex B) stretch reflex C) Golgi tendon reflex D) gag reflex

In the crossed ^-extension reflex, if the right leg flexes, then the left leg: A) extends. B) abducts. C) adducts. D) flexes.

What cranial nerves are involved in the sensory and the motor roles for the corneal blink reflex? A) trigeminal nerve (V) as sensory; facial nerve (VII) as motor B) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) as sensory, oculomotor nerve (III) as motor C) trochlear nerve (IV) as sensory, abducens nerve (VI) as motor D) optic nerve (II) as sensory, oculomotor nerve (III) as motor

The somatic sensory division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) carries stimuli from both general and special senses to the central nervous system (CNS).

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves are the two types of nerves found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

The visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system) controls the body's voluntary motor functions.

Twelve pairs of cranial nerves transmit information to and from the brain.

The first pair of cranial nerves is the optic nerve (I).

The hypoglossal nerve (XII) and glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) are both involved in taste sensation.

The posterior (dorsal) root of a spinal nerve and the posterior ramus are considered mixed nerves since they both carry sensory and motor information.

The lumbar nerve plexuses arise from the anterior rami of L₁ ^- L₄ and innervate structures of the pelvis and lower limb.

Proprioceptors are located in the musculoskeletal system where they detect the movement and position of a joint or body part.

Interoceptors detect stimuli from the inside of the body, such as blood pressure, stretch of a full urinary bladder, and the body's temperature.

Receptive field maps show the regions of skin and the spinal nerve that supplies somatic sensation to them.

Motor control is initiated by lower motor neurons and transmitted to upper motor neurons by interneurons situated within the CNS.

Upper motor neurons directly contact and stimulate skeletal muscle fibers to contract.

Reflexes are programmed, automatic, and rapid responses to stimuli.

The simple stretch reflex employs mechanoreceptors known as Golgi tendon organs to detect the degree of stretch experienced by a muscle.

Match the following using the image of the plexuses. -Cervical plexus

Match the following using the image of the plexuses. -Lumbar plexus

Match the following using the image of the plexuses. -Sacral plexus

Match the following using the image of the plexuses. -Brachial plexus

Match the following using the image of the plexuses. -Nerve plexus that includes the phrenic nerve

Match the following using the image of the plexuses. -Nerve plexus that includes the sciatic nerve

Match the following using the image of the cranial nerves. -Olfactory bulb (synapses with Cranial nerve I)

Match the following using the image of the cranial nerves. -Abducens nerve

Match the following using the image of the cranial nerves. -Oculomotor nerve

Match the following using the image of the cranial nerves. -Cranial nerve IV

Match the following using the image of the cranial nerves. -Cranial nerve XII

Discuss the functions of the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

List and describe the connective tissue sheaths that make up a nerve.

List the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, in numerical order, with their corresponding Roman numerals.

List the cranial nerves and their corresponding Roman numerals that are generally considered sensory nerves.

Identify and name the cranial nerves responsible for eye movement. Indicate the function of each cranial nerve identified.

Explain the difference between a ramus and a plexus.

Describe the structure of a nerve plexus and explain the advantage of this structure to its function.

List the five major nerves of the brachial plexuses.

Discuss the spinal nerves that contribute to the sacral plexuses and the body region(s) served.

Describe the steps of sensory transduction when a touch receptor in the skin is activated.

Define adaptation as it relates to sensory function. What types of mechanoreceptors adapt?

Explain how hair follicle receptors complement the function of tactile corpuscles and Merkel cell fibers.

How does the two ^-point discrimination threshold demonstrate the size of receptor fields in the skin?

Generalize the role of the lower motor neuron in motor control.

Outline the three ^-step sequence of a reflex arc.

Explain the difference between a monosynaptic reflex and a polysynaptic reflex.

Outline the steps to a simple stretch reflex.

Which of the following would be most devastating to damage: motor nerve, sensory nerve, or mixed nerve? Explain.

People suspected of having a stroke can be asked to stick their tongues straight out. A slanted or somewhat bent tongue may be just one indicator of stroke. Determine the cranial nerve affected if the tongue is bent or slanted and identify the nerve as sensory, motor, or mixed. Describe the function of this nerve.

Dan injured the spinal nerves emerging from the lower lumbar and sacral region of the spinal cord during a horse ^-riding accident. After his injury, he reported numbness in his feet. Explain the connection between the loss of sensation he has described and the plexus responsible for serving this area.

Which nerve of the brachial plexus becomes inflamed, resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome? Explain what regions are served by this inflamed nerve.

A patient sustained an injury to the lower motor neurons when a board fell on his back at a construction site. The upper motor neurons are intact and undamaged. Determine the effect, if any, on motor control.

Predict the impact on the gag reflex when a person has a damaged vagus nerve.