Quiz 17 :
The Cardiovascular System I

The apex of the heart is situated toward the:

The heart is situated in the middle of the thoracic cavity in a region known as the:

What surface groove separates the right and left ventricles?

Both the left and right atria receive blood from:

The pulmonary circuit involves blood flow from the heart to and from the:

The right side of the heart receives:

What is the most superficial layer of the pericardial sac?

What is found between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium?

The visceral pericardium is the same as the:

Coronary circulation involves the delivery of oxygenated blood to the:

The right and left coronary arteries receive blood from the:

Which two arteries arise from the right coronary artery?

Generally, coronary veins empty into a vessel known as the:

The coronary sinus does NOT receive blood from the:

What is the function of the valves in the heart?

Which of the following does NOT return blood to the right atrium of the heart?

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

Which vessel supplies the systemic circuit with oxygenated blood?

Which opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart connects the right and left atrium?

What muscles, present in the ventricles, anchor by tendon ^-like chords called chordae tendineae?

The cusps of the atrioventricular valves attach directly to:

What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium?

Which vessel is guarded by a semilunar valve at its base?

An insufficient mitral valve (bicuspid valve, or left atrioventricular valve) would allow the backflow of blood into the:

Blood in the right atrium should travel next past the:

Where should the left ventricle send blood?

What vessel(s) deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium?

What vessel delivers oxygenated blood to systemic capillaries for gas exchange?

Autorhythmicity is the responsibility of:

What characteristic differentiates cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells?

What ion movement changes the membrane potential in a contractile cell from negative to positive?

The rapid influx of sodium ions into contractile cells creates a positive membrane potential inside the cell and initiates the:

During what part of the action potential will calcium ions enter the contractile cell?

A contractile cell with a membrane potential of 0 mV is experiencing the:

How do cardiac cells sustain a membrane potential of around 0 mV during the long plateau phase?

The length of the cardiac action potential, at 200 ^-300 msec, is dependent upon the:

As a result of the long refractory period in the contractile cell refractory period, cardiac muscle can NOT exhibit:

What do pacemaker cell action potentials lack?

Which of the following is NOT a population of pacemaker cells in the heart?

Which of the following pacemaker cell populations has the fastest intrinsic rate of depolarization at about 60 times per minute?

What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart?

Determine the impact if the connection between the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node becomes blocked.

What is NOT part of the cardiac conduction system?

The right and left atria depolarize and contract following the arrival of the action potential from the:

A damaged right bundle branch will prevent the passage of the action potential to the:

The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the:

On an electrocardiogram (ECG), atrial repolarization is obscured by the:

Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents ventricular depolarization?

A damaged atrioventricular (AV) bundle or atrioventricular (AV) node will primarily affect the length of the:

Which part of the electrocardiogram (ECG) would ^most be affected by abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles?

Which of the following can be used to measure heart rate?

What activity is occurring in the heart during the Q ^-T interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

Archie has a resting heart rate of 125 beats per minute. Classify his cardiac dysrhythmia.

Predict the position of the valves when the ventricles contract.

High pressured blood in the ventricles:

What produces the "lub dub" heart sounds?

End ^-diastolic volume for each ventricle during rest is normally about:

The amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end of the ventricular ejection phase is normally about:

When is the S1 heart sound heard?

How much blood is pumped from each ventricle during the ventricular ejection phase?

During what phase does blood flow from the ventricles into the pulmonary trunk and aorta?

Which chamber experiences a maximum pressure of around 118 mm Hg during contraction?

Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) corresponds with the ventricular filling phase of the cardiac cycle?

What wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) occurs during the ventricular ejection phase of the cardiac cycle?

Calculate the end ^-systolic volume (ESV) if the end ^-diastolic volume (EDV) in a resting heart is 110 ml and stroke volume (SV) is 70 ml.

Which of the following volumes should be the greatest?

Calculate cardiac output if the heart rate is 85 beats/minute, end ^-diastolic volume (EDV) is 130 ml, and end ^-systolic volume (ESV) is 60 ml.

Calculate the cardiac output if the heart rate is 100 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 65 ml.

What two values are needed in order to calculate cardiac output (CO) for a ventricle?

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one heartbeat is known as:

Stroke volume averages about:

The degree of stretch experienced by the sarcomeres in the ventricle cells before they contract is called:

What largely determines preload?

What best describes the Frank ^-Starling law?

Afterload is described as:

Inotropic agents affect:

Which of the following decreases heart rate?

Which cranial nerves have a negative chronotropic effect on heart rate?

Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload?

The left side of the heart is often called the systemic pump due to blood flow to the body.

From superficial to deep, the pericardial sac consists of the fibrous pericardium, visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, and the epicardium.

The left ventricle has greater muscle mass than the right ventricle since it pumps against greater resistance.

Desmosomes present between adjacent cardiac muscle cells allow ions to rapidly pass from one cell to another, permitting communication among cardiac muscle cells.

The cardiac conduction system is normally regulated by a population of pacemaker cells known as the sinoatrial (SA) node.

Heart rate can be determined by measuring the time between two successive R waves, known as the R ^-R interval.

There are two phases of the cardiac cycle in which all four heart valves are open: isovolumetric contraction phase and the isovolumetric relaxation phase.

Pressure in the aorta is greater than pressure in the pulmonary trunk; therefore, the left ventricle has to generate a greater pressure than the right ventricle in order to eject blood from the heart.

Stroke volume (SV) can be calculated by subtracting the end ^-diastolic volume (EDV) from the end ^-systolic volume (ESV).

The sympathetic nervous system increases cardiac output by increasing both heart rate and stroke volume.

The sinoatrial (SA) node fires more rapidly at higher body temperatures, increasing cardiac output.

Match the following structures with the internal heart anatomy. -Identify the right atrium.

Match the following structures with the internal heart anatomy. -Identify the left ventricle.

Match the following structures with the internal heart anatomy. -Identify the papillary muscle.

Match the following structures with the internal heart anatomy. -Identify the pulmonary trunk.

Match the following structures with the internal heart anatomy. -Identify the interventricular septum.

Match the following structures with the internal heart anatomy. -Identify the mitral (bicuspid) valve.

Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG). -Identify the T wave.

Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG). -Identify the P ^-R interval.

Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG). -Identify the S ^-T segment.

Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG). -Identify the wave representing depolarization of all cells within the atria except the SA node.

Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG). -Identify the complex representing ventricular depolarization.

Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG). -Identify the interval that can be used to measure heart rate.

Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG). -Identify the interval during which the ventricles are undergoing action potentials.

Explain the roles of the right side and left side of the heart as two separate pumps.

Determine the effects to blood flow if a heart attack has caused damaged to the left side of the heart.

Describe the structures and functions of the two layers that compose the pericardium surrounding the heart.

Describe the coronary circulation.

Explain the benefit of anastomoses in coronary artery circulation.

Discuss the location and function of valves in the heart.

Predict the effects on valve function and blood flow through the heart for a patient who has ruptured chordae tendineae that anchor the mitral valve.

Explain how contractile cells and pacemaker cells differ in cardiac muscle tissue.

Explain the significance of the plateau period during the action potential of a contractile cell.

Predict the effects of hypocalcemia (low blood calcium ion levels) on the strength and length of contraction in a contractile cell.

Describe the pathway of the action potential through the cardiac conduction system.

Predict the effect on the ventricles if the AV node delay was shorter than normal.

Explain why the QRS wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) is normally larger than a P wave.

Define the terms diastole and systole.

List the four phases of the cardiac cycle.

Summarize the two phases of the cardiac cycle during which all four heart valves are briefly closed.

Explain how to calculate cardiac output (CO).

Describe the Frank ^-Starling law.

Discuss the chronotropic effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems on the heart.

Trace the pathway of blood flow through the heart. Begin and end the pathway with the systemic capillaries.

Discuss the five waves seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) and explain what they represent.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows extra P waves. Determine and discuss the part of the conduction pathway that is not working.

Predict the effect on the length of the R ^-R interval of an electrocardiogram (ECG) if a patient experiences bradycardia.

A patient learns he has a heart murmur. He learns that his physician hears abnormal sounds during the S1 heart sound. Determine the cause of his heart murmur.

Calculate cardiac output given an end ^-diastolic volume of 140 ml, an end ^-systolic volume of 60 ml, and a heart rate of 85 beats/minute.