Quiz 17: The Cardiovascular System I: the Heart
Biology
Q 1Q 1
The apex of the heart is situated toward the:
A) left hip.
B) left shoulder.
C) posterior rib cage.
D) right shoulder.
Free
Multiple Choice
A
Q 2Q 2
The heart is situated in the middle of the thoracic cavity in a region known as the:
A) dorsal cavity.
B) cardiac notch.
C) mediastinum.
D) pleural cavity.
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Multiple Choice
C
Q 3Q 3
What surface groove separates the right and left ventricles?
A) interatrial septum
B) interventricular septum
C) atrioventricular sulcus
D) interventricular sulcus
Free
Multiple Choice
D
Q 4Q 4
Both the left and right atria receive blood from:
A) the ventricles.
B) arteries.
C) veins.
D) the lungs.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 5Q 5
The pulmonary circuit involves blood flow from the heart to and from the:
A) body.
B) brain.
C) liver.
D) lungs.
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Multiple Choice
Q 6Q 6
The right side of the heart receives:
A) oxygenated blood from the systemic circuit.
B) oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit.
C) deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit.
D) deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit.
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Multiple Choice
Q 7Q 7
What is the most superficial layer of the pericardial sac?
A) parietal pericardium
B) visceral pericardium
C) epicardium
D) fibrous pericardium
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Multiple Choice
Q 8Q 8
What is found between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium?
A) the heart
B) fibrous pericardium
C) pericardial fluid
D) the lungs
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Multiple Choice
Q 9Q 9
The visceral pericardium is the same as the:
A) fibrous pericardium.
B) myocardium.
C) epicardium.
D) endocardium.
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Multiple Choice
Q 10Q 10
Coronary circulation involves the delivery of oxygenated blood to the:
A) heart.
B) brain.
C) liver.
D) lungs.
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Multiple Choice
Q 11Q 11
The right and left coronary arteries receive blood from the:
A) pulmonary trunk.
B) superior vena cava.
C) aorta.
D) coronary sinus.
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Multiple Choice
Q 12Q 12
Which two arteries arise from the right coronary artery?
A) the right anterior interventricular artery and the right circumflex artery
B) the left marginal artery and the right circumflex artery
C) the right anterior interventricular artery and the left posterior interventricular artery
D) the right marginal artery and the right posterior interventricular artery
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Multiple Choice
Q 13Q 13
Generally, coronary veins empty into a vessel known as the:
A) inferior vena cava.
B) coronary sinus.
C) aorta.
D) superior vena cava.
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Multiple Choice
Q 14Q 14
The coronary sinus does NOT receive blood from the:
A) small cardiac vein.
B) great cardiac vein.
C) brachiocephalic vein.
D) middle cardiac vein.
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Multiple Choice
Q 15Q 15
What is the function of the valves in the heart?
A) prevent backflow of blood through the heart
B) invert during contraction of the ventricles
C) promote contraction of the ventricles
D) eliminate pressure variances within the heart
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Multiple Choice
Q 16Q 16
Which of the following does NOT return blood to the right atrium of the heart?
A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) coronary sinus
D) pulmonary vein
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 17Q 17
Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?
A) pulmonary artery
B) pulmonary vein
C) pulmonary trunk
D) superior vena cava
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 18Q 18
Which vessel supplies the systemic circuit with oxygenated blood?
A) superior vena cava
B) aorta
C) pulmonary trunk
D) coronary sinus
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Multiple Choice
Q 19Q 19
Which opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart connects the right and left atrium?
A) fossa ovalis
B) foramen ovale
C) ligamentum arteriosum
D) ductus arteriosus
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Multiple Choice
Q 20Q 20
What muscles, present in the ventricles, anchor by tendon -like chords called chordae tendineae?
A) papillary muscles
B) pectinate muscles
C) trabeculae carneae
D) ligamentum arteriosum
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Multiple Choice
Q 21Q 21
The cusps of the atrioventricular valves attach directly to:
A) chordae tendineae.
B) pectinate muscles.
C) papillary muscles.
D) trabeculae carneae.
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Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium?
A) right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
B) pulmonary valve
C) aortic valve
D) left atrioventricular valve (mitral or bicuspid valve)
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
Which vessel is guarded by a semilunar valve at its base?
A) pulmonary trunk
B) superior vena cava
C) pulmonary vein
D) coronary sinus
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Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
An insufficient mitral valve (bicuspid valve, or left atrioventricular valve) would allow the backflow of blood into the:
A) left ventricle.
B) aorta.
C) left atrium.
D) right atrium.
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Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
Blood in the right atrium should travel next past the:
A) tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle.
B) pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary capillaries.
C) pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk.
D) mitral valve and into the left ventricle.
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Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
Where should the left ventricle send blood?
A) coronary sinus
B) aorta
C) left atrium
D) pulmonary trunk
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
What vessel(s) deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium?
A) pulmonary arteries
B) pulmonary trunk
C) pulmonary veins
D) aorta
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
What vessel delivers oxygenated blood to systemic capillaries for gas exchange?
A) pulmonary trunk
B) coronary artery
C) circumflex artery
D) aorta
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
Autorhythmicity is the responsibility of:
A) cardiac pacemaker cells.
B) cardiac muscle cells.
C) skeletal muscle cells.
D) contractile cells.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
What characteristic differentiates cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells?
A) sarcoplasmic reticulum
B) excitability
C) striations
D) intercalated discs
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Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
What ion movement changes the membrane potential in a contractile cell from negative to positive?
A) influx of sodium ions
B) outflow of potassium ions
C) influx of calcium ions
D) outflow of calcium ions
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Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
The rapid influx of sodium ions into contractile cells creates a positive membrane potential inside the cell and initiates the:
A) initial repolarization phase.
B) repolarization phase.
C) plateau phase.
D) rapid depolarization phase.
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Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
During what part of the action potential will calcium ions enter the contractile cell?
A) plateau phase
B) rapid depolarization phase
C) repolarization phase
D) initial repolarization phase
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Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
A contractile cell with a membrane potential of 0 mV is experiencing the:
A) initial repolarization phase.
B) repolarization phase.
C) rapid depolarization phase.
D) plateau phase.
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Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
How do cardiac cells sustain a membrane potential of around 0 mV during the long plateau phase?
A) Calcium channels remain open.
B) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane
C) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions
D) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions
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Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
The length of the cardiac action potential, at 200 -300 msec, is dependent upon the:
A) initial repolarization phase.
B) repolarization phase.
C) plateau phase.
D) rapid depolarization phase.
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Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
As a result of the long refractory period in the contractile cell refractory period, cardiac muscle can NOT exhibit:
A) fatigue.
B) treppe.
C) oxygen debt.
D) tetany.
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Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
What do pacemaker cell action potentials lack?
A) repolarization
B) depolarization
C) threshold
D) plateau phase
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Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
Which of the following is NOT a population of pacemaker cells in the heart?
A) sinoatrial (SA) node
B) atrioventricular (AV) node
C) Purkinje fiber system
D) papillary muscles
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Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
Which of the following pacemaker cell populations has the fastest intrinsic rate of depolarization at about 60 times per minute?
A) atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Purkinje fiber system
C) sinoatrial (SA) node
D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle
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Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart?
A) Purkinje fiber system
B) atrioventricular (AV) node
C) sinoatrial (SA) node
D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle
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Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
Determine the impact if the connection between the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node becomes blocked.
A) The ventricular rhythm will not change.
B) The ventricles will beat faster.
C) The ventricles will beat more slowly.
D) The atria will contract more forcefully.
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Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
What is NOT part of the cardiac conduction system?
A) atrioventricular (AV) bundle
B) sinoatrial sinoatrial (SA) node
C) atrioventricular (AV) valve
D) atrioventricular (AV) node
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Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
The right and left atria depolarize and contract following the arrival of the action potential from the:
A) atrioventricular (AV) node.
B) Purkinje fibers.
C) sinoatrial (SA) node.
D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle.
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Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
A damaged right bundle branch will prevent the passage of the action potential to the:
A) atrioventricular (AV) bundle.
B) Purkinje fibers in the right ventricle.
C) sinoatrial (SA) node.
D) atrioventricular (AV) node.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the:
A) atria.
B) ventricles.
C) sinoatrial (SA) node.
D) atrioventricular (AV) node.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
On an electrocardiogram (ECG), atrial repolarization is obscured by the:
A) S -T segment.
B) P wave.
C) T wave.
D) QRS wave.
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Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents ventricular depolarization?
A) T wave
B) QRS wave
C) R -R interval
D) P wave
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
A damaged atrioventricular (AV) bundle or atrioventricular (AV) node will primarily affect the length of the:
A) T wave.
B) Q -T interval.
C) P -R interval.
D) P wave.
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Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
Which part of the electrocardiogram (ECG) would most be affected by abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles?
A) T wave
B) R -T interval
C) QRS wave
D) P wave
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Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
Which of the following can be used to measure heart rate?
A) R -R interval
B) P -R interval
C) Q -T interval
D) S -T segment
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
What activity is occurring in the heart during the Q -T interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A) The AV node delay occurs as the action potential spreads from the SA node to the atria to the ventricles.
B) The ventricular cells are undergoing action potentials.
C) The ventricular cells are repolarizing.
D) The atrial cells are undergoing action potentials.
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Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
Archie has a resting heart rate of 125 beats per minute. Classify his cardiac dysrhythmia.
A) heart block
B) asystole
C) bradycardia
D) tachycardia
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Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
Predict the position of the valves when the ventricles contract.
A) Both AV valves and semilunar valves are forced shut.
B) Both AV valves are forced open while both semilunar valves are forced shut.
C) Both AV valves and semilunar valves are forced open.
D) Both AV valves are forced shut while both semilunar valves are forced open.
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Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
High pressured blood in the ventricles:
A) forces both the AV valves and semilunar valves shut.
B) forces both the AV valves and semilunar valves open.
C) forces the semilunar valves open.
D) forces the AV valves open.
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Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
What produces the "lub dub" heart sounds?
A) the vibrations of the ventricular and blood vessel walls when valves shut
B) the sound of blood traveling through the heart
C) the relaxation of the atria, and then the ventricles
D) the contraction of the atria, and then the ventricles
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Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
End -diastolic volume for each ventricle during rest is normally about:
A) 120 ml.
B) 25 ml.
C) 50 ml.
D) 70 ml.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
The amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end of the ventricular ejection phase is normally about:
A) 120 ml.
B) 70 ml.
C) 50 ml.
D) 30 ml.
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Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
When is the S1 heart sound heard?
A) isovolumetric contraction phase
B) ventricular filling
C) ventricular ejection phase
D) isovolumetric relaxation phase
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Multiple Choice
Q 60Q 60
How much blood is pumped from each ventricle during the ventricular ejection phase?
A) 120 ml
B) 90 ml
C) 70 ml
D) 50 ml
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Multiple Choice
Q 61Q 61
During what phase does blood flow from the ventricles into the pulmonary trunk and aorta?
A) ventricular ejection phase
B) isovolumetric contraction phase
C) isovolumetric relaxation phase
D) ventricular filling
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Multiple Choice
Q 62Q 62
Which chamber experiences a maximum pressure of around 118 mm Hg during contraction?
A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left ventricle
D) left atrium
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 63Q 63
Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) corresponds with the ventricular filling phase of the cardiac cycle?
A) T wave
B) S wave
C) P wave
D) S -T segment
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Multiple Choice
Q 64Q 64
What wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) occurs during the ventricular ejection phase of the cardiac cycle?
A) P wave
B) R wave
C) Q wave
D) T wave
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Multiple Choice
Q 65Q 65
Calculate the end -systolic volume (ESV) if the end -diastolic volume (EDV) in a resting heart is 110 ml and stroke volume (SV) is 70 ml.
A) 180 ml
B) 40 ml
C) 10 ml
D) 50 ml
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Multiple Choice
Q 66Q 66
Which of the following volumes should be the greatest?
A) end -diastolic volume (EDV) - end systolic volume (ESV)
B) stroke volume (SV)
C) end -systolic volume (ESV)
D) end -diastolic volume (EDV)
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Multiple Choice
Q 67Q 67
Calculate cardiac output if the heart rate is 85 beats/minute, end -diastolic volume (EDV) is 130 ml, and end -systolic volume (ESV) is 60 ml.
A) 5100 ml/min
B) 5950 ml/min
C) 7800 ml/min
D) 16,140 ml/min
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Multiple Choice
Q 68Q 68
Calculate the cardiac output if the heart rate is 100 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 65 ml.
A) 6500 ml/min
B) 65 ml/min
C) 650 ml/min
D) 0.65 ml/min
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Multiple Choice
Q 69Q 69
What two values are needed in order to calculate cardiac output (CO) for a ventricle?
A) stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)
B) heart rate (HR) and end -diastolic volume (EDV)
C) stroke volume (SV) and blood pressure (BP)
D) end -diastolic volume (EDV) and end -systolic volume (ESV)
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 70Q 70
The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one heartbeat is known as:
A) cardiac output (CO).
B) stroke volume (SV).
C) end -diastolic volume (EDV).
D) heart rate (HR).
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Multiple Choice
Q 71Q 71
Stroke volume averages about:
A) 25 ml per heart beat.
B) 70 ml per heart beat.
C) 180 ml per heart beat.
D) 120 ml per heart beat.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 72Q 72
The degree of stretch experienced by the sarcomeres in the ventricle cells before they contract is called:
A) afterload.
B) preload.
C) contractility.
D) stroke volume.
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Multiple Choice
Q 73Q 73
What largely determines preload?
A) stroke volume
B) afterload
C) end -systolic volume (ESV)
D) end -diastolic volume (EDV)
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Multiple Choice
Q 74Q 74
What best describes the Frank -Starling law?
A) The Frank -Starling law states that the slower the heart rate, the greater the cardiac output.
B) The Frank -Starling law states that the greater the stroke volume, the greater the heart rate.
C) The Frank -Starling law states that the more the ventricular muscle cells are stretched, the more forcefully they contract.
D) The Frank -Starling law states that the greater the volume of blood discharged from the heart, the greater the pressure required to discharge the blood.
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Multiple Choice
Q 75Q 75
Afterload is described as:
A) the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into their respective arteries.
B) the ability to generate tension.
C) the length or degree of stretch of the sarcomeres in the ventricular cells before they contract.
D) the amount of blood that has drained into the ventricle by the end of the filling phase.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 76Q 76
Inotropic agents affect:
A) heart rate.
B) stroke volume.
C) depolarization.
D) contractility.
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Multiple Choice
Q 77Q 77
Which of the following decreases heart rate?
A) acetylcholine
B) epinephrine
C) norepinephrine
D) glucagon
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Multiple Choice
Q 78Q 78
Which cranial nerves have a negative chronotropic effect on heart rate?
A) hypoglossal nerves (CN XII)
B) trochlear nerves (CN IV)
C) vagus nerves (CN X)
D) glossopharyngeal nerves (CN IX)
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 79Q 79
Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload?
A) norepinephrine
B) antidiuretic hormone
C) aldosterone
D) atrial natriuretic peptide
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Multiple Choice
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True False
Q 81Q 81
From superficial to deep, the pericardial sac consists of the fibrous pericardium, visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, and the epicardium.
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True False
Q 82Q 82
The left ventricle has greater muscle mass than the right ventricle since it pumps against greater resistance.
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True False
Q 83Q 83
Desmosomes present between adjacent cardiac muscle cells allow ions to rapidly pass from one cell to another, permitting communication among cardiac muscle cells.
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True False
Q 84Q 84
The cardiac conduction system is normally regulated by a population of pacemaker cells known as the sinoatrial (SA) node.
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True False
Q 85Q 85
Heart rate can be determined by measuring the time between two successive R waves, known as the R -R interval.
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True False
Q 86Q 86
There are two phases of the cardiac cycle in which all four heart valves are open: isovolumetric contraction phase and the isovolumetric relaxation phase.
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True False
Q 87Q 87
Pressure in the aorta is greater than pressure in the pulmonary trunk; therefore, the left
ventricle has to generate a greater pressure than the right ventricle in order to eject blood from the heart.
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True False
Q 88Q 88
Stroke volume (SV) can be calculated by subtracting the end -diastolic volume (EDV) from the end -systolic volume (ESV).
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True False
Q 89Q 89
The sympathetic nervous system increases cardiac output by increasing both heart rate and stroke volume.
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True False
Q 90Q 90
The sinoatrial (SA) node fires more rapidly at higher body temperatures, increasing cardiac output.
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True False
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Short Answer
Q 92Q 92
Match the following structures with the internal heart anatomy.
-Identify the left ventricle.
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Short Answer
Q 93Q 93
Match the following structures with the internal heart anatomy.
-Identify the papillary muscle.
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Short Answer
Q 94Q 94
Match the following structures with the internal heart anatomy.
-Identify the pulmonary trunk.
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Short Answer
Q 95Q 95
Match the following structures with the internal heart anatomy.
-Identify the interventricular septum.
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Short Answer
Q 96Q 96
Match the following structures with the internal heart anatomy.
-Identify the mitral (bicuspid) valve.
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Short Answer
Q 97Q 97
Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG).
-Identify the T wave.
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Short Answer
Q 98Q 98
Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG).
-Identify the P -R interval.
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Short Answer
Q 99Q 99
Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG).
-Identify the S -T segment.
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Short Answer
Q 100Q 100
Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG).
-Identify the wave representing depolarization of all cells within the atria except the SA node.
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Short Answer
Q 101Q 101
Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG).
-Identify the complex representing ventricular depolarization.
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Short Answer
Q 102Q 102
Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG).
-Identify the interval that can be used to measure heart rate.
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Short Answer
Q 103Q 103
Match the following with the waves, segments, or intervals on the electrocardiogram (ECG).
-Identify the interval during which the ventricles are undergoing action potentials.
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Short Answer
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Essay
Q 105Q 105
Determine the effects to blood flow if a heart attack has caused damaged to the left side of the heart.
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Q 106Q 106
Describe the structures and functions of the two layers that compose the pericardium surrounding the heart.
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Q 110Q 110
Predict the effects on valve function and blood flow through the heart for a patient who has ruptured chordae tendineae that anchor the mitral valve.
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Q 112Q 112
Explain the significance of the plateau period during the action potential of a contractile cell.
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Q 113Q 113
Predict the effects of hypocalcemia (low blood calcium ion levels) on the strength and length of contraction in a contractile cell.
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Q 119Q 119
Summarize the two phases of the cardiac cycle during which all four heart valves are briefly closed.
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Q 122Q 122
Discuss the chronotropic effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems on the heart.
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Q 123Q 123
Trace the pathway of blood flow through the heart. Begin and end the pathway with the systemic capillaries.
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Q 124Q 124
Discuss the five waves seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) and explain what they represent.
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Q 125Q 125
An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows extra P waves. Determine and discuss the part of the conduction pathway that is not working.
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Q 126Q 126
Predict the effect on the length of the R -R interval of an electrocardiogram (ECG) if a patient experiences bradycardia.
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Q 127Q 127
A patient learns he has a heart murmur. He learns that his physician hears abnormal sounds during the S1 heart sound. Determine the cause of his heart murmur.
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Q 128Q 128
Calculate cardiac output given an end -diastolic volume of 140 ml, an end -systolic volume of 60 ml, and a heart rate of 85 beats/minute.
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