Sociology

Sociologists use the term ________ to describe the process of adaptation, where parts of a culture catch up with other parts.

The ________, as defined by Weber, refers to the organization that has a monopoly on the legitimate use of force.

________ societies were the first to create a sustained economic surplus, which in turn gave rise to the issue of who would have access to the surplus, an issue that remains with us today.

________ is the control or exploitation of one society by another, usually by conquest.

Herbert Spencer argued that human species ________ from small disjointed, undifferentiated groups of people into larger entities composed of heterogeneous, interdependent parts in a manner analogous to the way in which biological organisms develop from single cells into complex organic systems.

The American and French Revolutions, inspired in part by ________ philosophies, challenged the right of hereditary monarchs to rule over their subjects and championed a belief in social equality.

The ecological-evolutionary theory maintains that a society is profoundly influenced by its ________ technology.

Social change can result from ________, which is the adoption of an innovation by a society that did not create it.

Auguste Comte, the first person to call himself a sociologist, identified three stages that he believed all societies go through: the ________, metaphysical, and scientific or positive stages.

________, which means "society" or "association" describes the social situation that Tönnies believed characterizes large cities once capitalist development has taken place.

Proponents of the social approach to change called ________ maintain that material (usually economic) factors are the engine of change, while non-material phenomena are considered much less important influences.

For Durkheim there was always the possibility that ________ solidarity, a solidarity based on the complementarity or interdependence of occupational positions, would hold modern societies together and lead to social progress.

Revolution is said to arise primarily through ________ conflict.

According to the ________ theory of modernization, the reason why some countries have become wealthy and others have not is because the state thwarted development in the latter.

Fukuyama, a functionalist thinker, coined the term ________ to describe a number of significant social changes that became evident in the mid-1960s and radically transformed Western industrialized countries in the decades that followed..

All BUT which one of the following statements is true for farming societies?

An important change in farming societies following the invention of the plough was:

According to the text, the advent of metal weapons contributed to what kind of domination?

Some of the foundations of modern thinking can be traced to the developments of the eighteenth century. This was the century of ________ wherein many of the doctrines of the agrarian age were challenged, especially those relating to the forms of domination prevalent at the time.

________ coined the term "survival of the fittest" and popularized the term "evolution."